Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Расчеты материальных и энергетических балансов в сталеплавильных и внепечных агрегатах. Учебное пособие
.pdf
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɬɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɢɡɨɤɫɢɞɨɜɲɥɚɤɨɜɨɣɜɚɧɧɵɤɝ
)H2±
±
&U
2
0Q2±
±
3
2
ȼɫɟɝɨ±
Ʉɨɤɫɨɦɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɤɝɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɡɩɟɱɧɨɣɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɬɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ
± ɤɝ
ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɉɨɫɥɟɪɚɫɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɲɥɚɤɚɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɟɩɪɢɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚɫɨ
ɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹɢɥɢɤɝɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ
ɑɬɨɛɵɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɜɨɞɢɦɜɤɨɜɲ ɧɚɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɮɟɪɪɨɦɚɪɝɚɧɟɰɮɟɪɪɨɯɪɨɦɮɟɪɪɨɫɢɥɢɰɢɣɇɢɤɟɥɶɞɚɟɦɧɚɫɪɟɞɧɢɣɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɩɟɪɟɞɜɵɩɭɫɤɨɦɧɚɞɧɨɤɨɜɲɚ
Ⱦɥɹɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɜɜɨɞɢɦɵɯɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɫɩɪɨ
ɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɦɚɫɫɭɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɜɤɨɧɰɟɩɥɚɜɤɢȾɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɟɦɧɟ
ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸɦɚɫɫɭɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ
ªº
PL L
×−
()
0H 0H
=
P
L
¬¼
ȽɈɋɌ
ªº
¬¼
ɝɞɟPL±ɦɚɫɫɚɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɤɝ
±ɦɚɫɫɚɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɤɝ ɢ
P
0H
ȽɈɋɌ
@>L
±ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɟɫɪɟɞ
@>L
Ɇɟ
ɧɟɟɦɚɪɨɱɧɨɟɢɢɦɟɸɳɟɟɫɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɦɚɫɫɭɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɜɤɨɧɰɟɩɥɚɜɤɢɤɝ
P
=
6L
P
=
0Q
P
=
&U
P
=
1L
P P P = ¦ += + + + +
0H 0H
ɩɪɨɝɧ
L
ɤɝ
ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ
Ⱦɥɹɛɨɥɟɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɦɚɫɫɵɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ
P
ɤɝ
0H
ɩɪɨɝɧ
−
=
−
−
−
=
=
=
ā
PLL
0H 0H
=
P
ɝɞɟ
±ɦɚɫɫɚɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɜɧɨɫɹɳɟɝɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬLɤɝ
ɥɟɝ
L
L
±ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚLɜɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɟɦɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɟ
P
ɥɟɝ
L
ªº
×−
()
¬¼
ɩɪɨɝɧ
ȽɈɋɌ
L
ªº
¬¼
Ʉɪɟɦɧɢɣ.Ⱦɥɹɪɚɫɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɢɤɪɟɦɧɢɟɦɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɧɟɫɬɢɎɋ
−⋅
=
ɤɝ ɢɥɢ
=⋅
ɤɝ ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹɢɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɜɲɥɚɤɚɤɪɟɦɧɢɹɢɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɜɜɢɞɭɢɯɦɚɥɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɩɟɪɟɣɞɭɬɜɦɟɬɚɥɥ
ȼɵɝɨɪɚɟɬ
=⋅
ɤɝɤɪɟɦɧɢɹɢ
ɗɬɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɪɟɦɧɢɹɫɜɹɠɟɬɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ
ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɣɫɜɹɠɟɬ
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɢɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɬɜɲɥɚɤ
Ɏɋɜɧɟɫɟɬɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɤɝ
ɏɪɨɦ. ɈɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɪɚɫɯɨɞɫɪɟɞɧɟɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɨɝɨɮɟɪɪɨɯɪɨɦɚɎɏ
=⋅
6L±
0Q±
3±
)H±
6±
&U±
ɤɝɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ
=⋅
⋅
⋅⋅
=⋅
=⋅
=⋅
=⋅
=⋅
=−
ɤɝ$O2
=
=⋅
ɤɝ
=⋅
=⋅
ɤɝɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ
ɤɝ
ɤɝ6L2ɢ
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɤɪɟɦɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɜɲɥɚɤɚɤɪɟɦɧɢɹɢɩɪɨɱɢɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɦ
ȼɵɝɨɪɚɟɬ
⋅⋅
⋅
ɗɬɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɫɜɹɠɟɬɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ±
=
ɤɝɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ
=⋅
ɤɝ
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɢɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɬɜɲɥɚɤ
Ɏɟɪɪɨɯɪɨɦɜɧɨɫɢɬɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɤɝ
ɋ±
6L±
3±
6±
&U±
)H±
=⋅
⋅⋅
⋅
=⋅
=⋅
=⋅
=⋅
=⋅
=
ɤɝ6L2
Ɇɚɪɝɚɧɟɰ.Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɜɵɫɨɤɨɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɮɟɪɪɨɦɚɪɝɚɧɰɚɎɆɧ
−
=
ɤɝ
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɤɪɟɦɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɜɲɥɚɤɚɤɪɟɦɧɢɹɢɩɪɨɱɢɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɦ
ȼɵɝɨɪɚɟɬ
ɗɬɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɫɜɹɠɟɬɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɢɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɬɜɲɥɚɤ
Ɏɟɪɪɨɦɚɪɝɚɧɟɰɜɧɨɫɢɬɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɤɝ
⋅⋅
⋅
ɋ±
6L±
3±
6±
0Q±
)H±
=
ɤɝɤɪɟɦɧɢɹ
=⋅
=⋅
⋅⋅
⋅
=⋅
=⋅
=⋅
ɤɝ6L2
=
=⋅
=⋅
ɤɝ
ɇɢɤɟɥɶ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɢɤɟɥɹɦɚɪɤɢɇɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ
ɇɢɤɟɥɶɜɧɨɫɢɬɤɝ
1L±
=⋅
−
=
&±
ɤɝ
=⋅
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ
Ⱦɥɹɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɚɫɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɣ ɇɟɨɛɯɨ
ɞɢɦɨɩɨɧɢɡɢɬɶɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɞɨ
§·
×
¨¸
©¹
Ⱦɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ
ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɫɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɢɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɜɲɥɚɤ$O2
=
ɤɝ
>$O@>2@
ɬɟɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ± ɤɝ
→$O
=⋅
=⋅
2
ɤɝ
ɤɝ
ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɟ
⋅
§·
¨¸
©¹
ɤɝ
=
ɨɛɳɢɣɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹɞɥɹɪɚɫɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɩɪɢ
ɧɢɦɚɟɦɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɤɝ
ɑɬɨɛɵɜɧɟɫɬɢɬɚɤɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶȺ
Ⱥɬɚɤɠɟɜɧɟɫɟɬɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɤɝ
6L±
)H±
=⋅
ɤɝ
=⋅
=⋅
2.5.2. ɒɥɚɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ȺɊɚɫɱɟɬɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɜɧɨɫɢɦɵɯɢɡɜɟɫɬɶɸɜɲɥɚɤ
Ⱦɥɹɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɞɟɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɚɰɢɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɫɬɶɲɥɚɤɚȼ
ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɹȼ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
PP
%
=
P
ɝɞɟ
P
Ɉɬɫɸɞɚɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɱɬɨɦɚɫɫɚɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɤɝ
ɝɞɟ&D2
Ɍɨɝɞɚɦɚɫɫɚɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɩɨɮɨɪɦɭɥɟɪɚɜɧɚ
P ɤɝ
P
ɲɥɩ&D2
P
ɢɡɜ&D2
6L2
ɢɡɜ
ɢɡɜ
×+ ++−
()
==
ɢɡɜ
±ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɋɚɈɢ6L2ɜɩɟɪɜɨɦɲɥɚɤɟɤɝ
ɲɥɩ6L2
±ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɋɚɈɢ6L2ɜɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɤɝ
ɢɡɜ6L2
P
=
ɢɡɜ
±ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɋɚɈɢ6L2ɜɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɫɦɬɚɛɥ
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɶɜɧɟɫɟɬɜɲɥɚɤɤɝ
&D2±
6L2
±
0J2±
$O
±
2
)H
±
2
Ʉɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɫɹɜɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭɡɚɫɱɟɬɩɨɬɟɪɶɩɪɢɩɪɨɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ
=⋅
+
+
ɋD2
−×
=⋅
=⋅
ɜɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟɧɚ)H2±
=⋅
PP
−
=⋅
=⋅
PP
−
6L2
ɢɡɜ&D2ɲɥɩ&D2
=
ɢɡɜ6L2ɲɥɩ6L2
&D2ɩɲɥɩɲɥ6L2
ɢɡɜɢɡɜ
ɤɝɋɈ
ȻɊɚɫɱɟɬɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɜɧɨɫɢɦɵɯɩɥɚɜɢɤɨɜɵɦɲɩɚɬɨɦ
Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɠɢɞɤɨɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɝɨɲɥɚɤɚɩɪɢɫɚɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɥɚɜɢɤɨɜɵɣɲɩɚɬ
ɢɡɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɱɬɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɶɢɩɥɚɜɢɤɨɜɵɣɲɩɚɬɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɌɨɝɞɚ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɩɪɢɫɚɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨɩɥɚɜɢɤɨɜɨɝɨɲɩɚɬɚ
P ɤɝ
==
ɩɥɲɩ
ɉɥɚɜɢɤɨɜɵɣɲɩɚɬɜɧɟɫɟɬɜɲɥɚɤɤɝ
&D2±
6L2
±
$O
±
2
&D)
±
)H
±
2
Ʉɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɫɹɜɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭɡɚɫɱɟɬɩɨɬɟɪɶɩɪɢɩɪɨɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ
=⋅
ȼɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵɪɚɫɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɜɧɟɫɭɬɜɲɥɚɤɤɝɫɦɜɵɲɟ
=⋅
=⋅
=⋅
=⋅
ɜɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟɧɚ)H2±
=⋅
ɤɝɋɈ
6L2±
±
$O
2
ȽɊɚɫɱɟɬɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜɜɧɨɫɢɦɵɯɮɭɬɟɪɨɜɤɨɣɩɟɱɢɤɨɜɲɚ
ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦɮɭɬɟɪɨɜɤɭɩɟɱɢɤɨɜɲɚɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɭɸɢɡɦɚɝɧɟɡɢɬɨɯɪɨɦɢɬɨɜɨɝɨ
ɤɢɪɩɢɱɚ
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞɦɚɝɧɟɡɢɬɨɯɪɨɦɢɬɨɜɨɣ ɮɭɬɟɪɨɜɤɢɧɚ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɞɥɹɩɟɱɢɤɨɜɲɚ ɟɦɤɨ
ɫɬɶɸɬ±ɤɝɬɋɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵɮɭɬɟɪɨɜɤɢɩɟɱɢɤɨɜɲɚɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɩɥɚɜɨɤ
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɪɚɫɯɨɞɮɭɬɟɪɨɜɤɢɧɚɨɞɧɭɩɥɚɜɤɭɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ
=⋅
ɤɝ
Ɍɨɝɞɚɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɦɚɝɧɟɡɢɬɨɯɪɨɦɢɬɨɜɚɹ ɮɭɬɟɪɨɜɤɚɜɧɟɫɟɬ ɜ ɲɥɚɤɤɝ
&D2±
6L2
±
0J2±
&U
±
2
$O
±
2
)H2±
=⋅
=⋅
=⋅
=⋅
=⋅
=⋅
ɜɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟɧɚ)H2±
2.5.3.Ⱦɟɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɲɥɚɤɨɦ
©ɍɡɤɢɦɦɟɫɬɨɦªɜɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟȾɋɉ±ɩɟɱɶɤɨɜɲ±ɆɇɅɁ
ɦɨɠɟɬɫɬɚɬɶɪɚɛɨɬɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ©ɩɟɱɶɤɨɜɲªɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɩɪɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɟ
ɩɟɱɧɨɣɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɫɬɚɥɢ ɫɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸɞɟɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟɧɟɤɨɬɨ
ɪɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɩɟɱɧɨɝɨɲɥɚɤɚɜɩɟɱɢɤɨɜɲɟɫɨɢɡɦɟɪɢɦɨɝɨɫɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɩɪɢ
ɫɚɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɯɲɥɚɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬɢɥɢɞɟɥɚɟɬɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣɪɚ
ɮɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɭɸɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭɫɬɚɥɢɜɩɟɱɢɤɨɜɲɟɞɨɧɢɡɤɨɝɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɫɟɪɵɢɧɟ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣɜɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸ
ɳɟɝɨɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸɜɵɫɨɤɭɸɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚȼ
ɫɜɹɡɢɫɷɬɢɦɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɢɡɤɨɫɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɝɨɦɟ
ɬɚɥɥɚɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɫɤɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹɩɟɱɧɨɝɨɲɥɚɤɚɢɡɤɨɜɲɚɩɟɪɟɞɜɧɟ
ɩɟɱɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɚɞɤɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɲɥɚɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸ
ɳɢɯɞɨɛɚɜɨɤɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɩɟɱɢɤɨɜɲɟɬɚɛɥ
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɞɟɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɚɰɢɢɤɝ
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ
&
2 í
6L
0Q
3
6
&U
1L
7L ±
: ±
$O
0R ±
&X ±
9 ±
)H
ȼɫɟɝɨ
Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɩɨɫɥɟ
ɪɚɫɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɲɥɚɤɚ
Ʌɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɢɪɚɫɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ
ɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɟ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ
ɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɟ
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣɲɥɚɤɢɦɟɟɬɜɵɫɨɤɨɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɋɚɈɧɢɡɤɨɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɨɤ
ɫɢɞɨɜɠɟɥɟɡɚɢɯɪɨɦɚɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɛɨɥɟɟɮɬɨɪɢɞɚɤɚɥɶɰɢɹɌɚɤɨɣɲɥɚɤɨɛɥɚ
ɞɚɟɬɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɞɟɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸȻɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɷɬɨɦɭɚɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɦɭɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɸɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɢɲɥɚɤɚɜɞɭɜɚɟɦɵɦɚɪɝɨɧɨɦɭɠɟɱɟɪɟɡ
±ɦɢɧɭɬɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɫɟɪɵɦɟɠɞɭɲɥɚɤɨɦɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɦɞɨɫɬɢ
ɝɚɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɢɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
Ɋɟɚɤɰɢɹɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɫɟɪɵɜɩɟɱɢɤɨɜɲɟɢɦɟɟɬɜɢɞ
>6@&D2ĺ&D6>2@
Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɫɟɪɵɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ
6 Ȝ 6
ªº
6
=
¬¼
.
ªº ªº
×+×
¬¼ ¬¼
++
+×
/ Ȝ
6
ɝɞɟȜ±ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶɲɥɚɤɚɫɦ
±ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɫɟɪɵɦɟɠɞɭɲɥɚɤɨɦɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɦ
/
6
=
Ȝ
=⋅
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɵɪɚɠɟ
ɧɢɸ
OJ/6 í
0J2&D2
+
+
íOJD2OJI6
2$O6L2
ɝɞɟɚɈ±ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɜɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɟ
±ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɫɟɪɵ
I
6
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɲɥɚɤɚɞɟɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɚɰɢɢɤɝ
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
6L2&D20Q2
¦)H2
$O20J2 7L2326ɋɚ)
&U
2
¦
ɒɥɚɤɩɨɫɥɟ
ɪɚɫɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ
ɂɡɜɟɫɬɶ
ɉɥɚɜɢɤɨɜɵɣ
ɲɩɚɬ
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɪɚɫɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɏɭɬɟɪɨɜɤɚ
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
±
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼɫɟɝɨ
ȼɫɟɝɨ
6L2 &D2 0Q2
¦
)H2
$O20J2 7L2326ɋɚ)
&U
2
¦
ɉɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ I
Ɍ Ʉ
OJI2
OJI
OJI
>2@
2
1L
H
2
í⋅í⋅í⋅í⋅⋅±
2
í
⋅í⋅⋅⋅⋅±
OJI
6
&U
6
í⋅⋅⋅í⋅⋅±
6
2
H
í
í
&
H
>&@
2
:
>1L@
H
2
í
⋅í⋅í⋅ íI
6
6
1L
6
6L
H
>6L@
2
0R
>:@
H
2
ɚ
I2>2@ ⋅
Ɉ
&
6
:
6
⋅í⋅⋅⋅⋅±
⋅í⋅⋅ I
ɌɨɝɞɚOJ/6 í
6@>
=
.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɭɞɚɥɢɜɲɟɣɫɹɫɟɪɵɩɨɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ
0Q
H
2
>0R@
6L
6
0R
6
/
6
−
ɯ
−
>0Q@
9
H
>9@
2
0Q
6
⋅+
⋅+
⋅+⋅
⋅+
ɯ
=
3
H
>3@
2
H
9
6
íOJ
=
&X
>&X@
2
H
2
3
6
6
>6@
2
H
&X
6
6
$O
2
2
6
6
&U
H
>&U@
2
>$O@
$O
>$O@H>&X@H>9@H>0R@H>:@H>1L@H>&U@H
++++++
6
I2ɩɪɢ
++++++ >2@H>3@H>0Q@H>6L@H>&@H>6@H
ɝɞɟɯ±ɢɫɤɨɦɚɹɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɤɝ
− ±ɦɚɫɫɚɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɫɟɪɵɤɝ
ɯ
ɯ −
±ɦɚɫɫɚɫɟɪɵɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɟɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɤɝ
±ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɫɟɪɵɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɟ
[ =
ɤɝ
2.5.4Ⱦɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɞɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɩɨɯɢɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɭɟɫɥɢɷɬɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢɮɟɪɪɨɫɩɥɚɜɚɦɢ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɤɭ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵɜ
ɬɚɛɥ
ȼɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɨɫɬɚɜɫɬɚɥɢɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɭɢ
ɧɟ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɟ Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɲɥɚɤɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɜɬɚɛɥ
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɛɚɥɚɧɫɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
ɂɡɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɨɤɝ
ɚɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ±
ɛɲɥɚɤɚ±
ɜɮɭɬɟɪɨɜɤɚɤɨɜɲɚ±
ɝɲɥɚɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ±
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ±
ɩɥɚɜɢɤɨɜɨɝɨɲɩɚɬɚ±
ɞɥɟɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɢɪɚɫɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ±
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
Ⱥ±
Ɏɋ±
ɇ±
Ɏɏ±
ɎɆɧ±
ɤɨɤɫɚ±
ɚɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ±ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
ɛɲɥɚɤɚ±ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
ɜɝɚɡɨɜ±ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɨɤɝ
ɜȾɋɉ±
ɜɤɨɜɲɟ±
ɜȾɋɉ±
ɜɤɨɜɲɟ±
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɶ±
ɋɈ
ɩɥɚɜɲɩɚɬ±
ɋɈ
ɤɨɤɫ±
ɋɈ
ɋɈɤɨɤɫ±
ȼɫɟɝɨ
ɟɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚɧɚɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟɤɨɤɫɚ
ɤɪɟɦɧɢɹɢɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ±
ȼɫɟɝɨ
ɇɟɜɹɡɤɚ± ɢɥɢ
=
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹɧɟɜɹɡɤɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ
Ȼɚɥɚɧɫɦɟɬɚɥɥɚɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɨɞɤɢɢɞɟɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɚɰɢɢɤɝ
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ
& ±
2 ±
6L ±
0Q ±
3 ±
6 í
Ɇɟɬɚɥɥ
ɞɨɞɟɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɚɰɢɢ
Ⱦɟɫɭɥɶɮɭɪɚɰɢɹ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ
ɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɟ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ
ɜɦɟɬɚɥɥɟ
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]