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Файл:Английский язык для студентов программы подготовки «Мультимедийные цифровые технологии в креативных индустриях» = English for “Multimedia digital tech
.pdf
51
READING
I. Skim the text and answer the following questions.
1. Do you guess about the central question the writer is asking?
2. What three main topics are included in the article?
3. How does the writer answer the central question?
4. Use emojis to write the missing subtitle.
Emojis — enough already?
……
A. They started out in the 1980s as emoticons, little cartoons you
could create using your keyboard symbols — just a bit of fun to add to
your messages. In the 1990s, software developer Shigetaka Kurita took
these a step further when he created 176 icons for a Japanese phone
company showing easily ……
1
(relate) subjects like faces, food and
weather. Now, a good thirty years later, there are well over three
thousand different emojis available, and they’ve become a worldwide
phenomenon with an independent existence as merchandise (poo emoji
pillow, anyone?) and even a feature film. In 2015, the popular “Face
with Tears of Joy” emoji was even named the Word of the Year by
Oxford Dictionaries. But could we have reached peak emoji? To answer
this question, we need to consider a number of issues.
B. First of all, emojis have a unique ability to reflect wider trends
in what is now, for the first time in human history, a global
communication culture. skin colour is a case in point. The first people
icons were yellow, like the characters in the popular cartoon The
Simpsons. This may have been a deliberate attempt to represent
characters of ……
2
(determine) race, and the colour yellow may have
52
been chosen for its positive and cheerful associations. Some have even
suggested that there is a direct line of descent from the iconic yellow
1960s smiley face to these early representations. However, in 2014
other skin colours were made available for the first time in response to
public demands for greater diversity. These have since been followed
by icons representing disabled and non-binary people, as well as samesex couples.
C. Although on the surface this ……
3
(include) seems
completely positive, one commentator has pointed out that the disabled
icons were included at the request of technology giant Apple, rather
than in response to public campaigning. This is a complete ……
4
(reverse) of the situation in 2016 when Apple changed their realistic
gun emoji to a jokey water pistol as a direct result of pressure from the
public. Other providers followed suit in 2018. These examples raise
interesting questions about the relationship between technology
companies and users in determining what can be represented in
messages and how.
D. In fact, users have assigned secret meanings to items as
innocent-looking as the aubergine or peach to discuss certain topics
that aren’t actually, so to speak, on the menu. The use of what is,
in effect, a secret code to refer to …… 5 (sanction) topics is, in
practice, perhaps more confusing than controversial. Parents around the
world may be shocked to discover what their young people are really
talking about (hint — not fruit and veg), but, after all, this type of
major generation gap centred around technology is a …… 6 (recur)
theme in modern life.
E. And while some are concerned about the content, others
complain that the use of emojis is actually leading to a ……
7
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(deteriorate) in communication skills, especially in professional
contexts. Is it really possible to take someone seriously in a business
relationship when their messages are peppered with little faces?
Communication experts draw parallels between emojis in written
messages and gestures in speech; both exist to increase clarity, often by
adding emphasis, whether it’s adding a cake emoji to a Happy birthday
message or a “top” icon to signal a good idea, or even using a hand
clap between every word in a message to indicate a tone of voice or
register.
F. And people love emojis. 90 % of us use them, and many
believe that doing so results in benefits including making it easier to
express ourselves, communicating more successfully across language
barriers and increasing ……
8
(empathise). There continues to be
positive engagement with new emojis, as well as with assigning new
meanings to those that already exist. So, have we reached peak emoji?
On reflection, it seems unlikely that something so widely seen as a tool
for creating unity, respect and understanding is going to fade away.
II. Complete the gaps in the article with the correct form of the
verb in brackets. You may need to change the word form and in two
cases, you need to add a negative prefix to the word.
III. Explain what these phrases in bold from the article mean and
answer the last question.
1. Skin colour is a case in point.
2. Some have even suggested that there is a direct line of descent
from the iconic yellow 1960s smiley face to these early representations.
54
3. Other providers followed suit in 2018.
4. Is it really possible to take someone seriously in a business
relationship when their messages are peppered with little faces?
5. Communication experts draw parallels between emojis in
written messages and gestures in speech; both exist to increase clarity,
often by adding emphasis …
6. Can you find three examples of informal humour or wordplay in
the article?
WATCHING
I. Match the dates below to significant changes. Then watch the
video https://yandex.ru/video/preview/4704926588444674800 and
check your answers.
1992 …… a. Emojipedia created the holiday of World Emoji Day.
2003 …… b. Diverse skin tones are introduced.
2008 …… c. 266 emojis available to use.
2011 …… d. A British engineer sent the first-ever text message.
2014 …… e. People could send instant messages using emoticons.
2015 …… f. All iPhone users had an emoji keyboard.
2017 …… g. Emojis came to iPhones, but only in Japan.
2020 …… i. The person with headscarf emoji was made.
II. Answer the question:
Why is World Emoji Day celebrated on July, 17th?
55
TALKING POINT
Discuss these questions in group.
1. Which new emojis have you welcomed, or would you welcome?
2. Why do you think people asked for the gun emoji to be replaced
by a water pistol? To what extent do you agree with this move?
3. Do you agree that emojis are leading to a decline in people’s
communication skills? Why / Why not?
4. What guidance do you think workplaces should offer employees
about using emojis in company messaging?
5. Can you think of any other examples of emojis or other
technology revealing a generation gap?
WRITING
Write an essay on the topic “Emojis are an important way of
communicating”, using some of the following words: research, career,
university, stupid, incompetent, professionals, warmth, formal,
misunderstood, design, technological, software, devices, popularity,
celebrate.
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UNIT 6. ANTIQUE MARKETS
LEAD-IN
Discuss the questions:
1. What’s the difference between traditional market, night market
and flea market?
2. Have you ever shopped in a flea market?
3. What countries are night market popular in?
4. What do you know about auction? What sells most in auction?
5. Are auctions a good way to get a deal on items? Explain your thoughts.
6. Why are antiques important?
7. What are some advantages and disadvantages of shopping at an
antique shop?
8. Do you think younger generations are interested in antique items?
Why or why not?
VOCABULARY
I. Match the halves of the sentences.
1.
Antique furniture and needlework
with a wide variety …
A.
… of an early assembly of
aviation collectible.
2.
The street market is a real
Aladdin’s cave of goodies
where you can pick up anything
from …
B.
… of unusual and interesting
plants in the gardens.
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3.
Rosenstein collection of
memorabilia included a truly
splendid photograph …
C.
… in the town of Arras and
locals also seek the bargains.
4.
Décor is Victorian and original;
special …
D.
… and antique shops, and
many local walks start here.
5.
The Saturday morning market
fills two huge squares …
E.
… features include 100 antique
clocks.
6.
A partial explanation for this
state of affairs lies in his
infrequent appearance …
F.
… did not become
immediately collectible.
7.
I also liked the antique effect …
G.
… caused by the crackles in
the gold.
8.
The academic book market is
already in …
H.
… hand painted papyrus
pictures or exquisite glassware
to jewellery or fine rugs at
ridiculous prices.
9.
Crewkerne itself has many
interesting historical
building …
I.
… in the salerooms, for Beuys
was not a producer of easily
collectible objects.
10.
Alexia was critically acclaimed,
and several major galleries
purchased her, but she …
J.
… decline with the erosion of
student grants.
II. Complete the synonymic groups below with one of the words
from the table.
to bid to elapse insolvency lot remote sealed simultaneous
supply vacant variations
58
1. changes, differences — ……………………….
2. distant, far-away, far-off — ……………………….
3. stock, amount provided or available — ……………………….
4. make an offer, offer a price — ……………………….
5. (of time) pass away — ……………………….
6. unoccupied, free, empty — ……………………….
7. piece of land, plot — ……………………….
8. unknown, unfamiliar — ……………………….
9. bankrupt, failure — ……………………….
10. occurring at the same time — ……………………….
III. Complete the following definitions with the words and
phrases from the table.
broker craftsperson deterioration ephemera estate
flea market inventory metalsmith patina vintage
1. A class of collectible items not originally intended to last for more
than a short time, such as tickets, posters, postcards or labels —
……………………
2. The year or place in which a wine is bottled —
……………………
3. An open-air market selling cheap and often second-hand goods —
……………………
4. A thin greenish layer that forms on copper or copper alloys, such
as bronze, as a result of corrosion — ……………………
5. A man who practices a craft with great skill —
……………………
6. A process of changing to an inferior state — ……………………
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7. A person who acts as an agent for others, as in negotiating
contracts, purchases, or sales in return for a fee or commission —
……………………
8. Goods and materials held available in stock by a business —
……………………
9. A landed property, usually of considerable size —
……………………
10. A person involved in the shaping of metal objects —
……………………
READING
I. Read the text below and fill the gaps (1–7) with the sentences
(A–G).
A. Finishes might be stripped and redone, but it is essential that the
original patination is retained, if possible.
B. There are a number of different styles of antique furniture
depending on when and where it was made.
C. Another general rule of thumb is 75 years for most objects to
become antiques.
D. The quality of these items may vary from very low to extremely
high and expensive, depending on the nature and location of the shop.
E. There are several criteria for what work is necessary and how far
to take any work performed.
F. Antiquities are objects especially from the civilizations of the
Mediterranean: the Classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, Ancient Egypt
and the other Ancient Near Eastern cultures.
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G. Antique dealers are often members of national trade associations,
many of which themselves belong to CINOA, a confederation of art and
antique associations across 21 countries, representing 5 000 dealers.
Antique markets
An antique (Latin: antiquus, old) is an old collectible item. It is
collected or desirable because of its age, beauty, rarity, condition, utility,
and other unique features. It is an object that represents a previous era in
human society.
Antiques are usually objects which show some degree of
craftsmanship, or a certain attention to design such as a desk or the early
automobile. They are bought at antique shops, or passed down as an estate.
Some valuable antiques can be bought from antique dealers and auction
services or purchased online through websites and online auctions. 1. ____
Any historical museum makes a considerable use of antiques in order
to illustrate historical events and give them a practical context. Virtually
any object can become an antique if it survives long enough, but value of
an antique in the market place is determined by its appeal and social
acceptance. For example, museums exist of ephemera, that is of objects
and items that would normally be thrown away, such as packaging and
advertising flyers and posters.
The term “antique” is pejorative in some instances to imply that
something is out of date. The definition of antique varies from source to
source, product to product, and year to year. However, some time-tested
definitions of antique deserve consideration, such as the following:
“An item which is at least 100 years old and is collected or
desirable due to rarity, condition, utility, or some other unique feature.
Motor vehicles, power tools and other items subject to vigorous use in
contrast, may be considered antiques in the U.S. if older than 50 years, and
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