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Файл:Английский язык для студентов программы подготовки «Мультимедийные цифровые технологии в креативных индустриях» = English for “Multimedia digital tech
.pdf
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7. To move information to your computer from another computer
system or the Internet — _______________________
8. A written work that is made especially for a film or television
programme, or it is an adaptation from already existing pieces of writing;
it includes dialogues and descriptions of characters and sets —
_____________________
9. A movie of standard length made for initial distribution in theatres
and being the “main attraction” of the screening — _____________
__________
10. A system of providing television to consumers via radio
frequency signals transmitted to televisions through fixed optical fibers or
coaxial cables located on the subscriber’s property, much like the over-theair method used in traditional television broadcasting (via radio waves) in
which a television antenna is required — _______________________
11. Taking photographs, or making a movie or video — _________
___________
12. A story conveyed with moving images; it is produced by
recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using
animation techniques or visual effects — _______________________
13. Any new participant in some activity — ________________
_______
14. The art and craft of writing scripts for film, television or video
games — _______________________
15. A person, company, or organization that shows their work or
products in a public place — _______________________
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II. Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the word or phrase from
the box.
digital camera feature film film director Film Festival
film piracy film studio foreign territories home video
independent film low-budget movies movie theatres
pre-production post production principal photography
theatrical exhibition
1. The first major attempt to use computer animation in a …… .
Was largely down to the novelty of the medium itself.
2. The current London ……, which continues until Sunday, tends
to confirm the impression that 1989 has been a less than vintage year for
the movies.
3. This is partly because …… in Britain is more a game for
enthusiasts than a serious business.
4. Up until 2008, it was not easy to finance a/an …… but, with the
right script, stars, and director, the entire budget could be borrowed from
banks on the strength of pre-sale agreements.
5. In a book published last week entitled Dirty Money, he attacked
the bank’s role in the 1990 takeover of the Hollywood …… MGM.
6. It is important to stress that …… is not videotape but CD video
with a high-quality television monitor and high-quality digital sound
played through adjacent high-fidelity speakers.
7. In …… , casting is completed, crews are hired, costume designers
get busy, and set designers start building.
8. In most …… the price is not simply for the glasses, but for
the experience of 3-D.
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9. Here is the story of his life and of the succession of movies,
remarkably similar in tone and most of them featuring actors like Robert
de Niro and Harvey Keitel, which have raised him to the status of
the world’s most famous …… .
10. A new …… , which allows images to be captured then
downloaded into a PC has been unveiled by Logitech, a market leader
in computer input devices.
11. The key element to keep in mind is that …… has been finished:
additional photography for both Hobbit movies will surely take place
in the future, on top of the lengthy post-production process.
12. Every filmmaker wants a …… for their film because of
the prestige and the classic appeal.
13. At some point in your journey, a Film Sales Agent is generally
necessary to get your movie sold to the …… .
14. Filmmaking thrives at the sharp end, and …… mean more
creative ideas, and as a result, more engaging films.
15. Other responsibilities during …… may include publicity tours,
promotional posters, contracts with distributors and the creation
of auxiliary formats such as DVDs and soundtrack albums.
READING
The Hollywood film industry
A. This chapter examines the ‘Golden Age’ of the Hollywood film
studio system and explores how a particular kind of filmmaking
developed during this period in US film history. It also focuses on the
two key elements which influenced the emergence of the classic
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Hollywood studio system: the advent of sound and the business ideal of
vertical integration. In addition to its historical interest, inspecting
the growth of the studio system may offer clues regarding the kinds of
struggles that accompany the growth of any new medium. It might,
in fact, be intriguing to examine which changes occurred during the
growth of the Hollywood studio, and compare those changes to
contemporary struggles in which production companies are trying to
define and control emerging industries, such as online film and
interactive television.
B. The shift of the industry away from ‘silent’ films began during
the late 1920s. Warner Bros.’ 1927 film The Jazz Singer was the first to
feature synchronized speech, and with it came a period of turmoil for
the industry. Studios now had proof that ‘talkie’ films would make
them money, but the financial investment this kind of filmmaking
would require, from new camera equipment to new projection facilities,
made the studios hesitant to invest at first. In the end, the power of
cinematic sound to both move audiences and enhance the story
persuaded studios that talkies were worth investing in. overall, the use
of sound in film was well-received by audiences, but there were still
many technical factors to consider. Although full integration of sound
into movies was complete by 1930, it would take somewhat longer for
them to regain their stylistic elegance and dexterity. The camera now
had to be encased in a big, clumsy, unmoveable soundproof box.
In addition, actors struggled, having to direct their speech
to awkwardly-hidden microphones in huge plants, telephones or even
costumes.
C. Vertical integration is the other key component in the rise of
the Hollywood studio system. The major studios realized they could
increase their profits by handing each stage of a film’s life: production
35
(making the film), distribution (getting the film out to people) and
exhibition (owning the theaters in major cities where films were shown
first). Five studios, ‘The Big Five’, worked to achieve vertical
integration through the late 1940s, owning vast real estate on which to
construct elaborate sets. In addition, these studios set the exact terms of
films’ release dates and patterns. Warner Bros., Paramount,
20th Century Fox, MGM and RKO formed this exclusive club.
‘The Little Three’ studios — Universal, Columbia and United
Artists — also made pictures, but each lacked one of the crucial
elements of vertical integration. Together these eight companies
operated as a mature oligopoly, essentially running the entire market.
D. During the Golden Age, the studios were remarkably consistent
and stable enterprises, due in large part to long-term management
heads — the infamous ‘movie moguls’ who ruled their kingdoms with
iron fists. At MGM, Warner Bros, and Columbia, the same men ran
their studios for decades. The rise of the studio system also hinges on
the treatment of stars, who were constructed and exploited to suit
a studio’s image and schedule. Actors were bound up in seven-year
contracts to a single studio, and the studio boss generally held all the
options. Stars could be loaned out to other production companies at any
time. Studio bosses could also force bad roles on actors, and
manipulate every single detail of stars’ images with their mammoth inhouse publicity departments. Some have compared the Hollywood
studio system to a factory, and it is useful to remember that studios
were out to make first and art second.
E. On the other hand, studios also had to cultivate flexibility,
in addition to consistent factory output. Studio heads realized that they
couldn’t make virtually the same film over and over again with the
same cast of stars and still expect to keep turning a profit. They also
36
had to create product differentiation. Examining how each production
company tried to differentiate itself has led to lose characterizations
of individual studios’ styles. MGM tended to put out a lot of all-star
productions while Paramount excelled in comedy and Warner Bros,
developed a reputation for gritty social realism. 20th Century Fox
forged the musical and a great deal of prestige biographies, while
Universal specialized in classic horror movies.
F. In 1948, struggling independent movie producers and
exhibitors finally triumphed in their battle against the big studios’
monopolistic behavior. In the United States versus Paramount federal
decree of that year, the studios were ordered to give up their theaters in
what is commonly referred to as ‘divestiture’ — opening the market
to smaller producers. This, coupled with the advent of television in the
1950s, seriously compromised the studio system’s influence and
profits. Hence, 1930 and 1948 are generally considered bookends
to Hollywood’s Golden Age.
I. Choose the correct heading (1–8) for each paragraph (A–F)
of the text above.
1. The power within each studio
2. The movie industry adapts to innovation
3. Contrasts between cinema and other media of the time
4. The value of studying Hollywood’s Golden Age
5. Distinguishing themselves from the rest of the market
6. A double attack on film studios’ power
7. Gaining control of the industry
8. The top movies of Hollywood’s Golden Age
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II. Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN
TWO WORDS from the text for each gap.
The Hollywood Studios
Throughout its Golden Age, the Hollywood movie industry was
controlled by a handful of studios. Using a system known as …… , the
biggest studios not only made movies, but handled their distribution and then
finally showed them in their own theatres. These studios were often run by
autocratic bosses — men known as …… , who often remained at the head of
organisations for decades. However, the domination of the industry by the
leading studios came to an end in 1948, when they were forced to open the
market to smaller producers — a process known as …… .
WATCHING
Watch a video by The School of Life called “POP CULTURE:
What is Cinema For” https://www.voicetube.com/videos/55652 and
answer the following questions:
1. What was the most prestigious cultural activity in the time of
Shakespeare?
a) cinema
b) theatre
c) painting
2. Cinema has a great power to provoke what?
a) enjoyment
b) anger
c) emotion
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3. Film best reveals its power when we think of it as what?
a) a way to pass the time
b) something to bring the family together
c) a kind of therapy
4. Comedy films help us address our tendency to get stern and
serious by showing us people in what?
a) funny situations
b) difficult situations
c) strange situations
5. Sometimes, a small action in life can have huge _____________ .
6. It’s healthy and helpful for people to think that their life is a bit
__________ .
7. Cinema can show us the less subtle charms of _____________ .
8. The media tells us about categories of _____________ we don’t
really care about.
9. Cinema can compensate us for a denial of what?
10. Seeing characters in films navigate the world, kill a dragon
or beat the bad guys can help us feel a little more what?
11. In an ideal world, a film classified as ‘A’ would help people deal
with what?
12. In an ideal world, a film classified as ‘MC’ would help people
deal with what?
TALKING POINT
In group, discuss the following questions.
1. Will other countries ever be able to match the power of
Hollywood to make films?
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2. Is going to the cinema worth the money these days? Is it too
expensive? What effect have streaming services had on the
cinema industry? What effect will they have in the future?
3. Do you think films these days rely too much on famous movie
stars and expensive special effects instead of a good plot?
4. Are films too violent today? Do you think this has an effect on
children? Do you think movies have made society more violent?
5. Are most of the films you watch in English or your native
language? Do you use subtitles? Do you think watching films is a good
way to learn a language?
WRITING
Write a review of a film that you like or you have seen recently.
Then, read your review to your groupmates. Decide which film you would
most like to see from all the read reviews.
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UNIT 4. NETFLIX-ING
LEAD-IN
In group, discuss the following questions.
1. How do you access the majority of the TV programmes and films
that you watch? Why do you choose this method?
2. How has the way you watch television and films in the last years?
3. What are your favourite programmes to watch? Why?
4. How much time do you normally spend watching television
programmes and films each week? Why?
VOCABULARY
I. Match word/words to their meanings.
1.
subscribe (v)
A.
have access to media on the Internet
by paying a regular fee
2.
air (v)
B.
far more of something than you can
deal with or process
3.
binge-watching (n)
C.
watch a particular TV programme
4.
tune in (phr. v)
D.
broadcast a television/radio programme
or a film
5.
flick through (phr. v)
E.
the act of showing a particular group
of people and discussing issues relating
to them
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