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changed my life. 6. Doctors, claim money, are shameless. 7. Is there a shop near here
_____sells milk? 8. That’s the main reason _____I came to you. 9. I’ll never forget my
childhood _____I was so happy. 10. People ____ live in flats shouldn’t have animals.
11. The car _____he bought last month is fantastic. 12. This is the most beautiful
waterfall _____we have ever seen!
9. Underline the verb in each sentence and define the tense of the verb.
1. The film house has not developed the pictures yet. 2. Fred will have left before Erin’s
arrival. 3. Florence has been a very gracious hostess. 4. Andi had lost her transfer by
the end of the bus ride. 5. By tonight, I will have finished my assignment. 6. Before the
discovery of the buried chest, Joe had not believed in buried treasure. 7. We have
worked over an hour on one math problem. 8. Until his college years, Carl had not
decided on his career. 9. The snow plows had cleared our street before the really heavy
snowstorm. 10. Have the Ortons found their dog yet? 11. Olga had figured out the
answer before her teacher’s explanation. 12. I have walked every day now for a month.
13. Vickie had liked Nels until their argument. 14. Alf will have jogged 70 miles by
the end of next week. 15. By lunch time, Rusty had started cooking dinner. 16. Ira has
practiced piano every day for a week. 17. At this rate, we will not have finished the 30
chapters by June. 18. Our HMO has added a number of new physicians to the staff. 19.
The ice on the lake will have melted long before the weekend. 20. The window had
cracked before the wind storm.
10. Complete each sentence by writing the form of the verb indicated in brackets.
1.(finish, past perfect) We _______ our game before the Meteors started theirs. 2.
(graduate, future perfect) Margie _______ before the spring semester. 3. (vote, past
perfect) Union members ________ before they saw the contract. 4. (exercise, present
perfect) We _______ three times this week. 5. (talk, past perfect) The manager ______
to the pitcher twice by that time. 6. (clean, future perfect) I ________ the whole kitchen
by the time Mom returns. 7. (offer, present perfect) Angelica frequently _______ to
help. 8. (produce, future perfect) By the end of this writing course, you _______ a plot
outline and at least four chapters of your novel. 9. (picked, past perfect) He _______
ten bushels before the truck showed up. 10. (search, present perfect) The rescuers
________ the area for hours.
11. Using Verb Tenses. The following is a journal entry of a girl of the mid-1800s
in a wagon train heading for California. Supply verbs to the narrative in the tenses
indicated in brackets. Use verbs from the list below.
be, expect, walk, insist, pack, lose
The first month on the trail (present perfect) _______ challenging. Before we set out,
I (past perfect) ______ that I would ride the wagon, but instead I (present perfect)
______ miles every day. Mother (present perfect) _______ that I always wear a bonnet
31
because of the sun. It’s a good thing that we (past perfect) _____ so many bonnets,
because the wind keeps blowing them off my head and across the prairie! I think I
(future perfect) ______ all my bonnets before we arrive in California.
12. Using Verb Tenses. Choose a trip you have made or would like to make.
Write sentences about the trip using the following verbs in the tenses indicated.
1. see (future) 2. pack (present perfect) 3. hope (past progressive) 4. visit (future
perfect) 5. be (past perfect) 6. learn (past progressive) 7. try (future perfect)
13. Past or Past Perfect Tense. Fill in the correct form.
1. Mary ____ (give) me Tony's address before she left. 2. When the boys arrived at the
cinema, the film ____ (already, start). 3. Before we reached the station we saw that we
____ (lose) our way. 4. All the tickets ____ (be) sold before the concert began. 5. They
took a shower after they ____ (finish) the game. 6. I asked Mr Green how many books
he ____ (read) 7. Mum asked me why I ____ (not tidy) up my room. 8. Bob was sorry
that he ____ (told) me the story. 9. Alan watched TV after he ____ (have) lunch. 10.
The sun ____ (shine) yesterday after it _____ (be) cold for many weeks. 11. Uncle
David ______ (go) to the doctor after he _____ (be) ill for a month. 12. Before the
police _____ (catch) the thief, he _____ (steal) two more watches. 13. Mum once _____
(paint) a picture although she ____ (never, learn) it. 14. I ____ (not tell) my teacher
that my mum ____ (help) me with my homework. 15. I ____ (be) very angry when I
_____ (see) that my brother _____ (eat) my apple. 16. The bike ____ (be) much more
expensive than he _____ (think) at first. 17. Dad ____ (drive) me home after I _____
(fall) into the water. 18. Marion _____ (ask) me what _____ (happen) to me last week.
19. We _____ (eat) two Big Macs before we _____ (go) home. 20. Paul _____ (not
say) that he ____ (take) Albert's watch. 21. The days _____ (become) colder after it
_____ (snow). 22. Martin _____ (tell) me that he ______ (be) in London. 23. I _____
(feel) great after I ______ (pass) the exam. 24. It _____ (be) Freddy who ______
(clean) the room. 25. When I _____ (get) off the bike I _____ (see) that one of those
tires _______ (lose) air. 26. I ______ (be) sorry that I ______ (not be) nicer to him.
27. Nobody _____ (come) to the meeting because Angela ______ (forget) to tell
them about it. 28. I know that I _____ (see) her somewhere before. 29. Because she
_____ (not check) the oil for so long, the car _____ (break) down. 30. She couldn't
find the book that I ______ (lend) her. 31. They never _____ (never find) where he
_____ (hide) the money. 32. It was a firm that I _____ (never hear) of. 33. When she
_____ (come) in we all knew where she _____ (be) 34. The lesson _____ (already
start) when I _____ (arrive). 35. When I _____ (get) to the park I found out that I
______ (lose) my keys. 36. She told me that she _____ (work) in Germany. 37.
When he ______ (paint) the kitchen he _____ (decide) to have a rest. 38. After I
______ (finish) the report, I saw that it _____ (be) too late.
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1. out of battery
2. charging port
3. spotty wifi
4. to browse the internet
5. to check emails
6. power bank
7. low signal
8. tablet
9. laptop
10. device
11. to make a phone call
12. to send a text message
13. mobile network
14. screen protector
15. smartphone
a. a portable device that stores electrical
energy and can charge a mobile device when
there is no power outlet available
b. when a device cannot receive a strong
enough signal to function properly
c. when a device has no more electrical power
left to operate
d. to search and explore websites on the World
Wide Web
e. a portable computer with a keyboard and
screen for personal or professional use
f. a thin sheet of material placed over a device's
screen to protect it from scratches or cracks
g. a socket on a device where a charger can be
plugged in to recharge its battery
h. to look at and read messages sent
electronically from one person to another
i. when a wireless network connection is
inconsistent and frequently drops out.
j. a mobile device that can make phone calls,
send text messages, and access the internet
through apps
k. a handheld electronic device with a touch
screen display used for browsing the internet,
reading books, or watching videos
l. a wireless network connection that allows
devices to connect to the internet without using
cables
m. to compose and transmit a written message
electronically via a mobile device
READING
1. Answer the questions.
1. Do you have a smartphone or a tablet?
2. How often do you check your emails on your device?
3. What do you use to browse the internet - laptop, tablet or smartphone?
4. Have you ever sent a text message from your phone?
5. Can you make a phone call using your laptop?
6. Is there a charging port for your device nearby?
7. Do you use a screen protector for your smartphone or tablet?
8. Have you ever used a power bank when your device was out of battery?
9. Do you experience low signal or spotty wifi in some areas?
10. Which mobile network provider do you use for your device?
2. Match the words to their definitions.
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16. wifi
n. an electronic tool or machine designed for a
specific purpose, such as a smartphone or
laptop
o. a telecommunications network that enables
mobile devices to communicate with each
other and access the internet
p. to initiate a conversation with someone over
the phone
3. Read and translate the text.
Communication electronics
In today's world, communication electronics have become an essential part of our
lives. Smartphones, laptops, and tablets are some of the most common devices that we
use to stay connected with others. These devices allow us to access the internet through
wifi or mobile networks, making it easier for us to check emails, browse the internet,
send text messages, and make phone calls.
However, these devices require power to function, and their batteries can quickly
run out of juice. It is important to keep a charging port and a power bank handy so that
we can charge our devices whenever we need to. Additionally, using a screen protector
can help prevent scratches and cracks on our screens.
One of the biggest challenges when using communication electronics is dealing
with low signal and spotty wifi. This can be frustrating, especially when we need to
make an important call or send an urgent message. In such situations, it may be helpful
to move to a different location where the signal is stronger or to switch to a different
mobile network provider.
In conclusion, communication electronics have made it easier for us to stay
connected with others, but they also come with their own set of challenges. By being
prepared with the right tools and knowing how to troubleshoot common issues like low
signal and spotty wifi, we can make the most out of our devices and stay connected
with ease.
4. Make up sentences using the word below.
1. hear/phone/me 2. email/yesterday/sent 3. charger/my/phone 4. watch/movie/the
5. computer/not/properly 6. turn/off/can 7. internet/not/working 8. buy/new/
headphones 9. text/your/address 10. tablet/battery/low
5. Mark the sentences true or false.
1. Communication electronics are not important in our lives.
2. Smartphones, laptops, and tablets are the only devices we use to stay connected with
others.
3. Communication electronics allow us to access the internet only through wifi.
34
4. It is not important to keep a charging port and a power bank handy.
5. Using a screen protector is not helpful in preventing scratches and cracks on our
screens.
6. Low signal and spotty wifi are not common issues when using communication
electronics.
7. Moving to a different location can help improve low signal and spotty wifi.
8. Switching to a different mobile network provider cannot help improve low signal
and spotty wifi.
9. Communication electronics have made it harder for us to stay connected with others.
10. Troubleshooting common issues can help us make the most out of our devices.
6. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
A. Привет! Мэри, могу я одолжить твой смартфон на минутку?
B. Конечно, для чего тебе он нужен?
A. Извините, вы не знаете, где я могу найти зарядное устройство для моего
ноутбука?
B. Да, вон там, в углу.
A. Мне нравится мой планшет, он такой легкий и его удобно носить с собой.
B. Да, он очень удобный для чтения и работы в Интернете.
A. Wi-Fi здесь ужасный, я едва могу загружать веб-сайты.
B. Я знаю, весь день было плохое качество.
A. Я не могу отправить это текстовое сообщение, все время пишет "не
удается".
B. Позвольте мне посмотреть, вы можете быть вне зоны покрытия
мобильной сети.
A. Мне нужно позвонить, но мой телефон разрядился.
B. Можешь пользоваться моим телефоном, батарея еще немного заряжена.
A. Можете ли вы помочь мне надеть эту защитную пленку на мое новое
устройство?
B. Конечно, позвольте мне вытащить его из упаковки.
A. У меня проблемы с просмотром Интернета, он такой медленный.
B. Возможно, в этом районе слабый сигнал.
A. Я всегда ношу с собой внешний аккумулятор, на случай, если в моем
устройстве разрядится аккумулятор.
B. Это хорошая идея, мне тоже нужен такой.
35
Unit 5.
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
Modal verbs
1. Complete the sentences CAN, CAN’T, COULD, COULDN’ T, MUST or
MUSTN’T.
1. She is a small baby. She ______ eat meat, but she ______ drink milk. 2. He is so ill
that he _______ see the doctor. 3. It’s raining heavily. You ______ take your own
umbrella. 4. We _______ pick the flowers in the park. It’s forbidden. 5. I _______
sing now but I ______ sing very well when I was a child. 6. Mike is only nine months
old. He ______ eat nuts yet. 7. He has a lot of weight so he _____ run so fast. 8. I’m
very tall, so I ______ play basketball. 9. You ______ park that car there. It’s a noparking zone. 10.Many students in Great Britain _____ wear a uniform when they go
to school. 11.George has travelled a lot. He ______ speak 4 languages. 12.I ______
come with you now because I’m studying for my test. 13.Footballers _____ touch the
ball with their hands. 14._____ I use your phone? 15.I’m sorry I ______ come
yesterday. I had to work late. 16.You _______ speed through the city. It’s dangerous!
17.You have been coughing a lot recently. You ______ smoke so much. 18.I’m very
tired today. I ____ clean my room now, but I’ll do it tomorrow. 19.I _______ eat
lasagne when I was a child, but I like it today. 20.We ______ go to the bank today.
We haven’t got any money left. 21.You ______ sleep in that room. It’s full of boxes
and other stuff. 22.I _______ swim very far these days, but ten years ago, I _______
swim over to the other side of the lake. 23.You have a bad headache, so you _____ go
to bed earlier. 24. I______ feed the baby now, so can you do it for me? 25.Tourists
_____ take their passports with them when they go abroad.
2. Complete the sentences with a modal verb. Sometimes more than one answer
is possible.
MAY – MIGHT – CAN – CAN’T – SHOULD – SHOULDN’T – MUST – HAVE
TO – HAS TO - NEEDN’T – MUSTN’T – DON’T HAVE TO – DOESN’T
HAVE TO
1. ______ I use your pen, please? 2. You really ______ see that new documentary.
It’s fantastic. 3. You _______ write 30 sentences for homework because you have
misbehaved. 4. You ______ to write 300 lines. 30 will be enough. 5. Please, excuse
me but I really _______ go now. 6. John, you ______ speak so quickly. Nobody can
understand you! 7. We _______ watch TV tonight. We haven’t decided yet. 8. If
you’ve got such a bad cough, you ______ smoke. 9. I am happy to inform you that I
______ come to work next week. 10.You ______ make so much noise. The baby is
sleeping in the next room. 11.She _____ work hard because she’s a single parent and
has little money. 12.You _______ go now. The train leaves in an hour, so you’ve still
got some time left. 13.According to the weather report it _______ rain this afternoon.
14.He ________ speak Italian fluently because he spent 5 years there. 15.That
_______ be John over there. He said he would be in America this week. 16.You
_______ take the test seriously, even if you already have enough good grades to pass.
17.I ________
36
go out tonight, but I don’t think so. I feel too tired. 18._______ Mary come with us?
19.You ______ speak French. I can speak English quite well. 20.You _____ take an
ID card with you if you enter the stadium. Otherwise you won’t get in.
3. Fill in the blanks using MUST, MUSTN’T, DON’T HAVE TO, SHOULD,
SHOULDN’T, MIGHT, CAN, CAN’T
1. Rose and Ted ______ be good players. They have won hundreds of cups! 2. You
_______ pay to use the library. It’s free. 3. I’m not sure where my wife is at the
moment. She ______be at her dance class. 4. Jerry ______ be working today. He
never works on Sundays. 5. You ______ be 18 to see that film. 6. You _____ hear this
story. It’s very funny. 7. Dad ______ go and see a doctor. His cough is getting worse
all the time. 8. You don’t have to shout. I ______ hear you very well. 9. It _____ be
him. I saw him a week ago, and he didn’t look like that. 10. You look pretty tired. I
think you ______ go to bed early tonight. 11. Let me look. I _____ be able to help
you. 12. “Children, you _____ cross the street if the lights are red!” 13. You _____ sit
so near the TV. It’s bad for your eyes. 14. I’m sorry but I _____ give you a lift
because my car is broken. 15. I _____ stop and talk to you now. I have to get to the
library. 16. You really _____ go to the Louvre if you’re in Paris. It’s wonderful. 17.
You _____ come to the party if you don’t feel well. 18. I don’t know where Kelly is.
She _____ be at her sister’s. 19. You have passed all your tests. You _____ be very
pleased with yourself.
20. You _____ smoke in your car, especially if there are children sitting in the back.
21. You _____ work this evening. I can do the tasks for you. 22. John doesn’t need a
calculator. He _____ do sums in his head. 23. Passengers _____ open the door when
the train is moving. 24. It _____ rain today. It’s getting cloudy already. 25. I _____ pay
for the tickets because I got them from Sam for free.
4. Fill in the blanks with a modal form
CAN – CAN’T - COULD – COULDN’T - DIDN’T NEED TO - MUST –
MUSTN’T - NEEDN ‘T
1. You’ve got plenty of time. You ______ hurry. 2. There’s a knock at the door. I’m
expecting Paul. It ______ be him. 3. I can’t get my phone to work. It ______ be out
of order 4. ______ I ask you a question? 5. That was excellent work. But I _____ do
it without you. 6. She _____ be 35. She looks older than that. 7. I ______ go to work
on Saturdays. It’s my day off. 8. Tom has given me a letter to post. I _____ forget to
post it. 9. Ann stayed in bed this morning because she ______ go to work. 10. He
______ play chess when he was young. 11. You ______ drive a car when you’re 18.
12. Jack spends the whole day just walking around. He ______ have a job. 13. When
I was in school I ______ do a hand stand, but now I’m too old. I ______ do one any
more. 14. My mother keeps telling me that we _____ wash our hands before we sit
down at the dinner table. 15. You _______ forget to turn off the lights when you go
to bed. 16. When I was a child I ________ understand adults, now that I’m an adult
I ______ understand children. 17. Sally looks sad and worried. She ______ have a
problem with
37
something. 18. ______ I see your passport please. 19. He’ sees very badly, so he
could might must needn’t ought to Should should Would
_______ wear glasses all the time. 20. I ______ take a taxi because the bus was on
time. 21. He owns a very expensive house. He _______ be a rich person. 22. I _______
swim well when I was a child. I even won the school championships. 23. You _______
go to the grocery store. We have some milk in the fridge. 24. I ______ find my keys. I
probably left them at my mother’s place. 25. You ______ buy the tickets. I got two for
free from dad. 26. She ________ speak so rudely to her parents. 27. The teacher always
tells us we ______ cheat during a test. 28. I ______ stop laughing. The joke was so
funny. 29. I _______ look at you. You’re so dirty. What were you up to? 30. ______
you turn down the volume? – It’s too loud.
5. Modal verbs: Meg in English class.
Circle or underline the correct modal verb to complete the text.
Because I come from Wisconsin, English class in Vienna during my year abroad
is a mixed bag. I could / may / can
1
answer all of the reading and listening questions,
but explaining why English grammar is like it is, is something I often might / can't /
could 2 do. The first time my English teacher asked me to explain the tenses, I can't /
couldn't / didn't have to
Now, I may / could / must
in class because I don't know something, I could / can / might
3
do it. She was nice about it, but it was so embarrassing!
4
be lazy sometimes, but when it comes to looking silly
5
be very hard-working.
Because my teacher will likely ask me more grammar questions in the future, I really
must / might / could
Surprisingly, I have found I like it, I have to / can't / might
6
learn the grammar rules to avoid being embarrassed again.
7
even become an English
teacher myself someday!
6. Choose the correct modal verb from the box to complete the sentences. There
are more words than you need.
Tom: Harry! Hey, what are you doing right now?
Harry: I really ______ 1 get some homework done. I am falling behind in Math class.
Tom: Boo! So boring! ______ 2 you like to come with us to the cinema instead and see
the new superhero movie?
Richard: Don't listen to Tom, Harry. You really _______ 3 do your Math homework.
Harry: Arrgh! I really want to see that! Now I'm torn. What a conundrum!
Tom: _______ 4 we try and convince you?
Richard: Don't do that Tom. Harry ______ 5 fail math if he went out with us now.
Tom: Hmmm, yeah, I guess. If it is as good as they say, we _______ 6 see a few times
anyway. Don't sweat it, Harry
38
7. Mark the modal verbs and the modal substitutes in the text.
can can’t could may must mustn’t needn’t ought to
need to shall should would
Greg learns about homeschooling
When I met my girlfriend, I thought it was weird that she is homeschooled. I
decided I needed to learn more about homeschooling and what I learned was surprising.
Now, I can totally understand why her parents wanted to homeschool her.
Homeschooling is a popular option in many countries. In fact, in some places, the
next school is so far away that people have to teach their own kids. Other countries
have banned homeschooling entirely and all children must attend state-certified
schools. This enables governments to control what children do and don't learn.
Homeschooling parents build communities of expertise for different subjects.
When parents can't teach math well, for example, they will find another homeschooling
parent who is good at math and send their kids to them.
The belief that homeschooled children suffer socially isn't true in most cases
either. Parents realize they ought to support their kids’ social development, so they
make sure they participate in activities where they can make friends. That's how I met
my girlfriend actually.
After reading up on homeschooling, I kind of wish I could be homeschooled. I
asked my parents about it and they think I should be taught at home, but we don't have
the resources. Both of my parents have to work full-time to keep a roof over our heads
and put food on the table.
8. Choose the correct word from the box to complete the sentences. There are
some answers you do not need.
Gerry: We ________ 1 hurry, the bus is already at the stop.
Meg: Oh no! I think I’ve lost my keys. Wait, I _______ 2 get in the bus without
them. Gerry: What? Where _______ 3 you have possibly left them?
Meg: Nowhere. They ______ 4 be here in my purse somewhere. I put them in here
just a few hours ago.
Gerry: You ______ 5 always put them in the same place in your purse, that way
you _____ 6 always find them.
Meg: Yes, I really _____ 8 organize my purse better. Aha! Here it is!
Gerry: Too late, there goes the bus!
9. Complete the spaces in the text by using a phrase below.
may have landed, might have done this, must have used up all the food, can’t have
been easy, may have discovered the island, should have done this, could have been
part, might have been gods, must not have landed
39
EASTER ISLAND
1. 1. to think before you click
2. phishing
3. identity theft
4. playing it safe
5. password
6. to sign up
7. online identity
8. security
9. social media account
a. a dishonest scheme; a fraud
b. to register for a service or membership
c. the state of being free from public
attention or intrusion into one's personal
life
d. the persona or image that a person
presents online
e. the trail of data left behind by a
person's activity on the internet
f. an online profile created on a social
networking site such as Facebook or
Twitter
g. the use of electronic communication to
bully a person, typically by sending
messages of an intimidating or
threatening nature
Easter Island, 3,000 km off the coast of Chile in the Pacific Ocean is very far from
land. Today, it is a small island with few people or trees, but at one time a lot of people
lived there. Scientists believe that the original inhabitants ____ by accident. Around
100 people __________ on the western coast of the island. But then the number of
inhabitants increased too quickly. Scientists agree that the inhabitants ______
________ on the island and finally all died. The Easter Island statues are famous, but
nobody knows why they are there or why there are so many. The statues _________ ,
or Easter Island ______ of a much bigger island. The statues are very large and heavy,
so they _______ to move. Scientists still do not know how the inhabitants _______ .
READING
1. Answer the questions.
1. What is internet safety?
2. Why is it important to be safe on the internet?
3. What are some common online dangers?
4. How can you protect your personal information online?
5. What should you do if someone you don't know tries to contact you online?
6. What are some tips for creating strong passwords?
7. How can you avoid falling for scams or phishing attempts online?
8. What are some ways to stay safe while using social media?
9. What should you do if you see something inappropriate or harmful online?
10. How can you talk to your friends and family about internet safety?
2. Match the words to their definitions.
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