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Файл:Английский язык для архитектора и градостроителя. Учебное пособие для СПО
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СРЕДНЕЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ
_________________________________________________________________
Федеральное государственное бюджетное
образовательное учреждение высшего образования
«Оренбургский государственный университет»
Л. А. Зарицкая
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
ДЛЯ АРХИТЕКТОРА
И ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЯ
Учебное пособие
Профобразование
Саратов 2020
УДК 811
ББК 81.2
З-34
Рецензенты:
Аюкасова Л. К. — доцент, зав. кафедрой архитектуры
Темкина В. Л. — д-р пед. наук, профессор
Зарицкая, Л. А.
З-34
Английский язык для архитектора и градостроителя : учебное пособие для СПО /
Л. А. Зарицкая ; Оренбургский государственный университет. — Эл. изд. — Саратов :
Профобразование, 2020. — 116 с. — (Среднее профессиональное образование)
ISBN 978-5-4488-0647-6
В учебном пособии представлена подборка текстов на английском языке по темам
«Архитектура», «Дизайн архитектурной среды», «Градостроительство» и система
упражнений к ним. Материал издания направлен на расширение лексического запаса,
развитие речевых навыков, умений чтения и перевода научно-технической литературы.
Учебное пособие предназначено для изучения дисциплины «Иностранный язык
(английский)» по специальностям среднего профессионального образования 07.02.01
«Архитектура», 08.02.01 «Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений».
Учебное электронное издание
Для создания электронного издания использовано:
Приложение pdf2swf из ПО Swftools, ПО IPRbooks Reader,
разработанное на основе Adobe Air
УДК 811
ББК 81.2
ISBN 978-5-4488-0647-6
© Зарицкая Л. А., 2013
© ОГУ, 2013
© Оформление. ООО «Профобразование», 2020
3
Содержание
Введение……………………………………………………………………………4
1 Unit 1 Architecture and Landscape Design……………………………………….5
2 Unit 2 Architecture of Ancient Times……………………………………………21
3 Unit 3 Renaissance……………………………………………………………….40
4 Unit 4 British Architecture……………………………………………………….52
5 Unit 5 Russian Architecture……………………………………………………...65
6 Unit 6 Famous Architects………………………………………………………..77
7 Unit 7 Town Planning……………………………...…………………………….92
8 Unit 8 Supplementary Material………………………………………...……….103
Список использованных источников…………………………………………..116
4
Введение
Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов средних специальных
учебных заведений, обучающихся по специальностям среднего профессионального
образования 07.02.01 «Архитектура», 08.02.01 «Строительство и эксплуатация
зданий и сооружений».
Цель учебного пособия — расширение лексического запаса, развитие навыков
и умений чтения и перевода научно-технической литературы.
Учебное пособие состоит из 8 разделов. 7 разделов имеют идентичную
структуру. Они включают тексты по теме, которые обеспечены системой
предтекстовых и послетекстовых упражнений. В 8 разделе даны аутентичные тексты
по темам «Архитектура», «Дизайн архитектурной среды», «Градопроектирование».
5
1 Unit 1 Architecture and Landscape Design
1.1 Pretext exercises
1.1.1 Warming-up
1) What do you think the word "architecture" means?
2) Why did you make up your mind to become an architect?
3) What can you say about the role of an architect in civilized society?
1.1.2 Read the words. Pay attention to the letters in italics
[a:] are, art, architect, architecture, part, landmark, advanced
[æ] man, has, practical, natural, characteristic, adaptability, activity, contracted,plan,
landscape, axis, aspect, many
[ei] preparation, regulate, nature, placement, space, range, shape, basic, trainagainst,
may, way
1.1.3 Read the following words. Mind their meaning
temple
requirement
permanence
suitability
adaptability
benefit
settled
prerequisite
experience
требование
прочность
соответствие
приспособляемость
выгода, польза
устойчивый, постоянный
предпосылка
опыт, квалификация
храм
expressive
environment
particular
определенный, особенный
condition
utility
relative
выразительный
окружающая среда
условие
полезность, выгода
относительный
6
concern
забота, дело, отношение
defense
equal
1.1.4 Read the following verbs. Mind their meaning. Pay attention to the
principal forms.
to build (built; built)
to employ (-ed;-ed)
to fulfill (-ed;-ed)
to confine (-ed;-ed)
to distinguish (-ed;-ed)
to vary (-ed;-ed)
to meet (-met;-met)
to possess (-ed;-ed)
защита
равный
cтроить
применять
выполнять
ограничивать, обрекать, заключать
различать
изменяться
встречать
обладать, владеть
to develop (-ed;-ed)
развивать
1.1.5 Find proper Russian words with the same roots as the following English
words:
architecture, design, structure, ensemble, aesthetic, function, criteria, principle, practical,
civilized, technique, culture, primitive, element, natural, human, symbol, institution,
characteristics, activity, stability, construction, communication, form, idea, constant,
social
1.1.6 Choose the proper English word:
1) применять
2) требование
3) опыт
a) to design
a) science
a) art
b) to employ
b) criteria
b) experience
c) to possess
c) requirement
c) society
4) выполнить
5) прочность
6) храм
7) особенный
8) выгода
a) to fulfill
a) struggle
a) tomb
a) particular
a) utility
b) to work
b) activity
b) temple
b) expressive
b) defense
c) to build
c) permanence
c)church
c) equal
c) benefit
7
9) окружающая среда
a) man-made
b) environment
c) development
10)дело
a) concern
b) institution
c) function
1.1.7 Find the English equivalents for the following Russian words:
А ограничивать; предпосылка; различать; устойчивый; соответствие; изменяться;
защита; развивать; полезность; приспособляемость; обладать; условие;
выразительный; равный
В to vary; adaptability; equal; to confine; utility; to possess; prerequisite; condition; to
distinguish; expressive; suitability; settled; to develop; defense
1.1.8 Form all possible word-combinations:
practical
A
functional
В
society
struggle
natural
primitive
expressive
civilized
settled
man-made
human
equal
requirements
activities
environment
importance
criteria
people
function
structures
1.1.9 Read the following word combinations and translate them into Russian:
art of designing and building; according to aesthetic criteria; to build in accordance with
such principles; to fulfill the requirements; every settled society; in all but the simplest
cultures; defense against environment; a symbol of development; other man-made
structures; adaptability to particular human activities; permanence of the work's
construction; the communication of experience and ideas through its forms; relative
importance; minor importance; equal importance
8
1.2 Read the text. Give your reasons that architecture has many functions
Text 1 A
Architecture
Architecture is the temple of life.
G.K. Muennig
Architecture is the art and science of designing and building structures, or
ensembles according to aesthetic and functional criteria. Structures built in accordance
with such principles are also architecture.
Architecture is employed to fulfill the practical and expressive requirements of
civilized people. Almost every settled society that possesses techniques for building
produces architecture. It is necessary in all but the simpliest cultures; without it, man is
confined to a primitive struggle with the elements; with it, he has not only a defense
against the natural environment but also the benefits of a human environment, a
prerequisite for and a symbol of the development of civilized institutions.
The characteristics that distinguish a work of architecture from other man-made
structures are:
(1) the suitability of the work to use by human beings in general and the adaptability
of it to particular human activities;
(2) the stability and permanence of the work's construction; and
(3) the communication of experience and ideas through its forms.
All these conditions must be met in architecture. The second is a constant, while the
first and the third vary in relative importance according to the social function of buildings.
If the function is chiefly utilitarian, as in a factory, communication is of less importance.
If the function is chiefly expressive, as in a monumental tomb, utility is a minor concern.
In some buildings such as churches and city halls, utility and communication may be of
equal importance.
9
1.3 Exercises to the text
1.3.1 Read the text again and find out if the following statements are true or
false:
1) Architecture should fulfill requirements of primitive people.
2) Without architecture, man is confined to a primitive struggle with the elements.
3) Structures should be built according to aesthetic and functional criteria.
4) There are no differences between a work, of architecture and other man-made
structures.
5) The stability and permanence of the work's construction is a constant for all types of
buildings.
6) In a factory, utility and communication are of equal importance.
1.3.2 Complete the sentences:
1) Almost every settled society that possesses the technique for building produces...
a) nature
b) architecture
c) struggle
2) Architecture is necessary in all but the simplest...
a) techniques
b) theories
c) cultures
3) With architecture, man has a prerequisite for the development of civilized...
a) importance
b) institutions
c) symbols
4) The stability and permanence of the work's construction is a...
a) form
b) Function
c) Constant
5) If the function is chiefly utilitarian, communication is of less...
a) Importance
10
b) Condition
c) Benefit
6) In a monumental tomb, utility is a minor...
a) feature
b) Eexperience
c) concern
7) Utility and communication are equally important in churches and...
a) markets
b) plant
c) city halls
1.3.3 Find the passage describing the characteristic features of a work of
architecture and translate it into Russian
1.3.4 Read aloud the passage concerning the main aims of architecture
1.3.5 Answer the following questions in written form:
1) What is architecture? What is landscape architecture?
2) What is architecture employed for?
3) Is architecture necessary in all settled societies?
4) What does architecture give for a man?
5) What are the main features that distinguish work of architecture from other manmade
structures?
6) Which of them is a constant?
7) How do these characteristics vary?
1.3.6 These are the types of architecture. Give examples of each type. Use the
words and word combinations given below:
1) Domestic Architecture
2) Religious Architecture
3) Governmental Architecture
4) Recreational Architecture
5) Architecture of Welfare and Education
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