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ɇɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɢɜɵɫɨ
ɤɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɬɪɭɞɚ–ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣɂɦɟɧɧɨ
ɜɧɟɦ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤɚɠ
ɞɨɝɨɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚ ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɥɢɞɟɪ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɭɡɧɚɟɬ
ɱɬɨ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ
ɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɨɢ ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɟ
ɲɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɞɥɹ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜ
ɧɨɫɬɶɬɪɭɞɚ ɱɬɨɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɚɦɨɝɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɢɟɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɧɚɪɵɧɤɟ
Ʌɢɞɟɪ– ɷɬɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɨɦɧɨ ɩɨ
ɦɢɦɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ «ɤɚɩɢɬɚɧɨɦ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɹ» ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɜɟɬɪɨɦɜɨɤɟɚɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɞɚɧɧɨɟɫɭɞɧɨɜɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɊɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ– ɷɬɨɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɰɟɥɶɥɢɞɟɪɚɛɥɚɝɨ
ɞɚɪɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɨɫɬ ɚ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɟɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢɪɵɧɤɚ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɥɢ
ɞɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɫɩɨ
ɫɨɛɧɚɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɦɚɧɞɵȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɢɥɢɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɭɫɩɟɯɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ
ɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ
ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɫɚɦ ɥɢɞɟɪ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɨɦ
ɇɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɸ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɨɫ
ɫɢɣɫɤɢɯɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɬɨɱɬɨɨɧɚɜɫɟɟɳɟɫɥɚɛɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɚ
Ɍɟɤɭɳɢɣɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɚ– ɷɬɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɵɣɞɢ
ɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ
ɫɜɨɟɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚ ɮɢɪɦɵ ɚ
ɜɵɠɢɦɚɟɬ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɢɯ ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ
ɷɬɨɣɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚ– ɷɬɨ
ɜɚɠɧɵɣɲɚɝɤɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɦɭɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɦɚɥɨɝɨɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɢɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ Ʌɢɲɶ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ ɩɨɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɦ ɪɵɧɤɚɦ Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɩɨɷɬɨɣɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ«ɷɦɢɝɪɚ
ɰɢɹɢ ɨɬɬɨɤɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ» ɜɟɞɶ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɟ ɬɚɥɚɧɬ
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ɥɢɜɵɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵɧɟɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɩɪɢɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣɫɜɹɡɢɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭɢ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɫɜɨɢɯɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
1. ɒɟɛɚɥɨɜ ȺȾ Ʌɸɛɟɡɧɨɜɚ ɋȼ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ
ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɭɤɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ– 2017.
– ʋ– ɋ-107.
2. Ʉɪɵɥɨɜɚ ɌȺ Ʌɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɜ XXI ɜɟɤɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚɢɩɪɚɜɨ– 205. – ʋ
3. ɄɪɚɫɧɨɲɥɵɤɨɜɚȾȾɋɥɢɧɤɨɜȺɆɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɢ
ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɢɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ ɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ –
2017. – ʋ– ɋ-535.
4. ɑɢɠɨɜɚ ȿɇ ɍɪɫɭ ɂȼ Ɉ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ
ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚɈɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ– 2016. – ɋ-118.
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ɉɚɥɢɧȼɢɬɚɥɢɣȼɢɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɱ
ɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɢɦɟɧɢȽȼɉɥɟɯɚɧɨɜɚ
ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɜɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ
ȺɇȺɅɂɁȾɂɇȺɆɂɄɂɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɕɁȺɇəɌɈɋɌɂ
ɆɈɋɄɈȼɋɄɈȽɈɊȿȽɂɈɇȺ
Palin Vitaliy
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics,
Department of mathematical methods in economics
ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE EMPLOYMENT
STRUCTURE OF THE MOSCOW REGION
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɞɨ ɫɢɯɩɨɪ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɟɪɶ
ɟɡɧɵɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɷɬɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
ɜɚɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɨ ɢ ɞɥɹɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ
ɦɟɫɬɚɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸȼɪɚɛɨɬɟɛɵɥɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɆɨɫ
ɤɨɜɫɤɢɣɪɟɝɢɨɧɬɚɤ ɤɚɤɨɧɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɢɦɟɧɧɨɷɬɨɝɨɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
ɱɚɫɬɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦɢɞɥɹɫɬɪɚɧɵɜɰɟɥɨɦ
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɧ
ɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ Ȼɵɥ
ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɩɨɥ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɵɟɛɟɡɪɚɛɨɬɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɧɨ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɚɡɧɵɯɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣɧɚ
ɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɚɬɚɤɠɟɞɪɭɝɢɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ
ɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ Ɋɨɫɫɬɚɬɚ ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜ ɪɚɫ
ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɰɟɩɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɢ
ɢɧɞɟɤɫɊɹɛɰɟɜɚ
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯɫɞɜɢɝɨɜɄɚɡɢɧɰɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ
ɧɵɯɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ ɜɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɨɬɤɥɨɧɹɸɬɫɹɞɪɭɝɨɬɞɪɭɝɚɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ
ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɫɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ
ɬɚɤɤɚɤɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɬɤɢɦɤ ɬɚɤɢɦɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ ɧɨ
ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɨɛɚ ɂɧɞɟɤɫ Ɋɹɛɰɟɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
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ɬɚɤɠɟɭɞɨɛɧɵɦɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɚɤɤɚɤɢɦɟɟɬɫɜɨɸɲɤɚɥɭ
ɨɰɟɧɤɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ>@
Ȼɵɥɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚɧɚɥɢɡɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟ
ɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɵɲɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɌɚɛɥɢɰɟ
ȼɚɠɧɨɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɹɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɢɧɞɟɤɫɚɊɹɛɰɟɜɚ
ɞɥɹɉɨɞɦɨɫɤɨɜɶɹ ɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɱɬɨ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɜ Ɇɨ
ɫɤɜɟɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɚ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜɢɞɟɧ ɹɜɧɵɣ ɫɤɚɱɨɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣɜ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɨɦɝɨɞɭɧɨɤɨɝɞɚɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɢɞɟɬɧɚ
ɫɩɚɞ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɤɨɥɨɟɞɢɧɢɰɵɱɬɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɆɨɫɤɜɚɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɚ
ɤɪɢɡɢɫɚɦɧɟɠɟɥɢɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚʋɐɟɩɧɵɟɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯɫɞɜɢɝɨɜɧɚɪɵɧɤɟ
ɬɪɭɞɚɆɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɜʋ– ʋʋɝɝ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ– ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵɚɜɬɨɪɚɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɊɨɫɫɬɚɬɚ>@
Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɚɹɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ
ɤ
2006
ɤ
2007
ɤ
2008
ɤ
2009
ɤ
2010
ɤ
2011
ɤ
2012
ɤ
2013
ɤ
2014
ɤ
2015
Ʌɢɧɟɣ
ɧɵɣɤɨ
ɷɮɮɢɰɢ
ɟɧɬɚɛɫɨ
ɥɸɬɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤ
ɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜ
1,2% 1,5% 0,3
2,3% 3,0% 0,4
1,1% 1,3% 0,2
0,9% 1,1% 0,2
0,6% 0,8% 0,1
0,4% 0,4% 0,2
1,3% 1,6% 0,5
0,2% 0,3% 0,3
0,8% 1,3% 0,4
0,5% 0,7% 0,2
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱ
ɧɵɣɤɨɷɮ
ɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ
ɧɵɯɫɬɪɭɤ
ɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜ
ɂɧɞɟɤɫ
Ɋɹɛɰɟɜɚ
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢ
ɟɧɬɚɛɫɨ
ɥɸɬɧɵɯ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ
ɧɵɯɫɞɜɢ
ɝɨɜ
1,0% 1,3% 0,1
1,6% 2,1% 0,2
1,6% 2,2% 1,0
0,9% 1,2% 0,9
0,5% 0,6% 1,0
1,0% 1,4% 1,0
0,6% 0,9% 1,0
0,9% 1,2% 1,0
0,1% 0,2% 1,0
0,2% 0,3% 0,2
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱ
ɧɵɣɤɨɷɮ
ɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ
ɧɵɯɫɬɪɭɤ
ɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜ
ɞɟɤɫ
Ɋɹɛ
ɰɟɜɚ
ɂɧ
44
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɦ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɫ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɨɤɪɭɝɨɦɢɊɨɫɫɢɟɣɜɰɟɥɨɦɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨɜɬɚɛɥɢ
ɰɟ ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɡ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ,
ɷɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɬɟɡɢɫɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɜ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ȼ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɦɨɠɧɨɧɚɡɜɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɵɟɝɨɞɚ
ɌɚɛɥɢɰɚʋɂɧɞɟɤɫɵɊɹɛɰɟɜɚɩɪɢɚɧɚɥɢɡɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɭɪɨɜɧɹɨɛ
ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɪɵɧɤɟɬɪɭɞɚ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ- ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɚɜɬɨɪɚɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɊɨɫɫɬɚɬɚ>@
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɆɈ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɊɎ ɐɎɈ
ɤ 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,3
ɤ 0,4 0,2 0,1 0,1
ɤ 0,2 1,0 0,1 0,2
ɤ 0,2 0,9 0,1 0,2
ɤ 0,1 1,0 0,0 0,0
ɤ 0,2 1,0 0,1 0,1
ɤ 0,5 1,0 0,1 0,1
ɤ 0,3 1,0 0,1 0,3
ɤ 0,4 1,0 0,1 0,1
ɤ 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,2
ɉɨɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɞɚɧɧɵɦɦɨɠɧɨɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɜɵ
ɜɨɞɨɜ
x Ɋɨɫɬɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜɫɜɵɫɲɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢ
ɟɦ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɚɞ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɫ ɛɨ
ɥɟɟɧɢɡɤɨɣɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ
x ɋɦɟɧɚ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ
ɜɚɧɢɟɜ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɤɧɨɜɵɦɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɧɚɪɵɧɤɟɬɪɭɞɚ
x Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɜɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɯɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɡɜɟɧɚ ɢ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟɜɵɜɨɞɵɦɨɠɧɨɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɢɡɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯɩɨ
ɩɨɥɭ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ Ɋɨɫɫɬɚɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ
ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɩɨ
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɬɪɭɞɚ ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɨɮɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ
45
Ɍɨɝɞɚɤɚɤɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɩɨɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɤɪɭɩɧɵɣɫɟɤɬɨɪɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨ
ɝɨɬɪɭɞɚɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɱɚɫɬɧɵɣɢɡɜɨɡɢɩɪɨɱɟɟ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɡɚɧɹɬɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɱɬɨ ɜɆɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨ
ɧɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɬɪɭɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɧɢɡɢɥɫɹ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ
ɦɚɫɫɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ - ɥɟɬ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ
ɡɚɧɹɬɵɟɛɵɥɢɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɫɬɚɪɲɟɜɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɧɚɥɟɬɗɬɨɦɨɠɟɬ
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɨɛɨɥɟɟɝɢɛɤɨɦɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɟɣɢ ɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ
ɧɨɜɵɯɪɚɛɨɱɢɯɦɟɫɬɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɟɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɨɩɵɬɚɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯɫɮɟɪɚɯ
ɂɬɚɤɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɞɚɧɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɪɚɬɤɢɣɨɛɡɨɪɧɚ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɪɟ
ɝɢɨɧɟ ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɧɚ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɛ
ɥɟɝɱɢɬɶɪɚɛɨɬɭɧɚɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɟɣɢɞɪɭɝɢɯɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɥɢɰɌɚɤ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɟɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸ
ɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ
ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɟ
ɝɢɨɧɚɦ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
1. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ
>ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ@ɈɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɫɚɣɬɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɥɭɠɛɵ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ - ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ ɝ – ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ
2016ɝ- http://www.gks.ru.
2. Ʉɚɲɟɧɨɜ Ⱥ Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɵ
ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɟɡɪɚɛɨɬɢɰɵ Ⱥ Ʉɚɲɟɧɨɜ ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɢ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɫɬɜɨ– 2010. – ʋ– ɋ-16.
3. ɋɢɜɟɥɶɤɢɧ ȼȺ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ ȼȿ ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ- ɈɪɟɧɛɭɪɝȽɈɍȼɉɈɈȽɍ- ɫ
46
ɉɢɥɸɝɢɧȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɘɪɶɟɜɢɱ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɤɭɪɫɚɤɚɮɟɞɪɵɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɐɚɪɢɬɨɜɚɄɪɢɫɬɢɧɚȽɟɪɚɫɢɦɨɜɧɚ,
ɤɷɧɞɨɰɟɧɬɤɚɮɟɞɪɵɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢɢɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ,
Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ȼɇȿɒɇɂȿɂȼɇɍɌɊȿɇɇɂȿɎȺɄɌɈɊɕɎɂɇȺɇɋɈȼɈɃ
ɍɋɌɈɃɑɂȼɈɋɌɂɉɊȿȾɉɊɂəɌɂəȼɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇɈɃ
ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɄȿ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹȼɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟɪɟɱɶɩɨɣɞɟɬ ɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɭɫ
ɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɧɟɺ Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢ
ɜɨɫɬɶɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹȼɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɜɵ
ɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨ
ɫɬɢɗɬɢɮɚɤɬɨɪɵɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɩɪɹɦɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɧɚɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ
ɢɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɇɚɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ
ɧɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɪɨɥɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɮɢ
ɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢɢɝɪɚɸɬɧɚɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ
ɄɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɎɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ
ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɟɧɚɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
Pilyugin Alexander,
first year master student of the Department of economics, Russian
State Social University
Scientific adviser: Tsaritova Christina Gerasimovna, PhD Econ.,
associate professor of Economy and business, Russian State Social
University
EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS OF FINANCIAL
STABILITY IN THE MODERN ECONOMY
Abstract. In this article it will be a question of financial stabil-
ity, and the factors influencing her. Financial stability is the most important characteristic of functioning and development of the enterprise. In economic literature it is accepted to allocate external and in-
47
ternal factors of financial stability. These factors make direct impact
on the enterprise, and help to estimate his condition On the basis of
analysed information conclusions about the role that financial stability
factors play in the enterprise.
Keywords: Financial stability, factors, influencing on the finan-
cial stability of business
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɦɟɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɞɚɬɶɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
— ɷɬɨ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɜɰɟɥɨɦɈɧɚɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɜɫɟɣɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬ
ɜɟɧɧɨ-ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨ
ɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢ
ɜɨɫɬɶɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɬɚɤɨɟɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜɩɪɢɤɨ
ɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɦɚɧɟɜɪɢɪɭɹ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɦɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɩɭɬɟɦɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɢɯɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
ɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ
ɭɫɥɭɝɚɬɚɤɠɟɡɚɬɪɚɬɵɩɨɢɯɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸɢɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ȼɚɠɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ
ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɪɟ
ɞɢɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɪɢɫɤɚ
Ɉɰɟɧɤɚɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɭɸ ɞɚ
ɬɭɩɭɬɟɦɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯɜɚ
ɥɸɬɧɵɯɫɱɟɬɚɯɢɧɚɥɢɱɢɹɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬ
ɜɭɟɬɨɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɧɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸɞɚɬɭ
Ⱦɥɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢɧɚɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ
ɜɚɠɟɧ ɤɚɤ ɪɨɫɬ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɨɫɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ
ɧɢɹɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɪɹɞ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ
ɧɚɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ [1, C. 9]
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɜɧɟɲɧɢɟɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ
ȼɧɟɲɧɢɟ — ɷɬɨɬɚɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɦɨɝɭɬɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨ
ɜɚɬɶɧɚɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶɡɚɟɟɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢȼɧɟɲɧɹɹɫɪɟɞɚɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɟ
ɪɵɜɧɨɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚ
ɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɧɟɲ
48
ɧɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɟɟ
ɭɫɩɟɯɚ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵɈɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵɧɚɱɟɬɵɪɟɤɪɭɩɧɵɟɝɪɭɩɩɵ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ- Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɮɚɤɬɨɪɵɜɧɟɲɧɟɣɫɪɟɞɵɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɉɟɪɜɵɦɢɯɨɱɭɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ
ɬɤɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɝɨɞɵɦɧɨɝɢɟɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢɜɊɨɫɫɢɢ
ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɥɢɫɶɫ ɧɢɦɢ Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɡɚ
ɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸ
ɳɢɯɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣɢɭɝɪɨɡɜɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ>&@
Ɉɧɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ
,
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ- Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɮɚɤɬɨɪɵɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɢɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
Ⱦɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɢɥɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢ
ɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɵɦɨɠɟɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɉɨ
ɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɰɟɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ȿɜ
ɪɨɫɨɸɡɚɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɊɎ ɢɫɩɨɪɬɢɥɢ ɧɚɥɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɨ
ɞɚɦɢɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɣɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ
ȼɟɫɶɦɚɜɟɫɨɦɵɦɢɛɭɞɭɬɢɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ
Ʉɚɤɢɡ
ɜɟɫɬɧɨɤɨɝɞɚɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚɩɪɨɰɜɟɬɚɟɬɨɧɚɡɞɨɪɨɜɚɢɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɚ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɲɚɧɫɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶɧɨɣ
49
Ɇɚɤɪɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɫɬɚɞɢɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɗɤɨɧɨ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɋɟɣɱɚɫɲɢɪɨɤɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɱɬɨɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɊɎɩɪɟɞ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɩɨɩɵɬɤɢɩɨɦɨɱɶɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸɦɚɥɨɝɨɢɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ
ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɵ ɋɛɟɪɛɚɧɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɤɪɚ
ɬɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɟɞɢɧɵɦ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ
ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɂɯ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɛɟɡ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɜɵɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɵ ɞɥɹ
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬɜɥɢɹɬɶɧɚɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɣɫɩɪɨɫɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣɉɪɢɧɟ
ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɫɩɪɨɫɧɚɪɵɧɤɟɬɨɜɚɪɨɜɢɭɫɥɭɝɫɧɢɡɢɬ
ɫɹ ɚ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɟɞ
ɩɨɫɵɥɤɢɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨ
ɪɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ Ʉɨɧɴɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ
ɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚ ɤɭɪɫɵ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜɚɥɸɬ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɨɫɬɚɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɢɧɮɥɹɰɢɢɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɞɪɭɝɢɟ
• ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ
ɉɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɞɟɹ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɧɟɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɭ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ Ɋɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɯɇɚ ɷɬɨɣɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɚ
ɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨ
ɪɵ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɧɨ
ɫɬɢɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɜɥɢɹɸɬɧɚɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ
ɧɵɟɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟ
ɧɢɹɆɟɧɹɸɬɫɹɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɧɨɜɵɟɡɚɤɨɧɵɢɧɚɥɨ
ɝɢɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɪɟɜɨɥɸ
ɰɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵɇɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɬɢɩ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɚɯ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɯ ɨɩ
ɪɟɞɟɥɹɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɏɨɪɨɲɢɦɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɫɥɭ
ɠɢɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɨɞɟɠɞɵɅɸɞɢ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸɝɨɬɨɜɵ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶɛɨɥɶ
ɲɟ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɬɭɚɥɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɦɹ ɩɪɟɫɬɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɦɨ
ɞɟɥɶɟɪɚ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɢɦ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬ ɢɦ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɜɟɫɜɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ
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