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Файл:Анализ общественных явлений в 2017 г. Построение прогнозов. Сборник статей по материалам участников международной научно-практической конференции. Дат
.pdf
Abstract. The subject of the article is creation of a possibility of
coexistence of several sets of rules – the international standard of
quality of JCI and requirements of the Russian health care system acts.
The goal of the presented material – create methods of integration of
new system of management without prejudice to organization activity
in the conditions of the Russian legislation.
Research problem – to analyze possible options of process organization, to estimate benefits and shortcomings in use of several management systems.
Keywords: management, integration of management system, international standards of quality and safety
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɞɢ
ɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɨɹɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɨɝɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɦɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɡɚɜɨɟɜɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɞɟɥɚɹɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɚ
ɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ȼ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɭɝɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɡɛɚɥɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɢɥɢɟɦ
ɜɵɛɨɪɚ«ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɸ» ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɧɟɡɚɭɪɹɞɧɵɟɦɨ
ɞɟɥɢɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɡɚɢɦ
ɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵɭɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯɤɨɥɥɟɝɢɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɧɚɭɠɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬ
ɧɟɦɨɩɵɬɟɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ
ɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
ɇɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɣ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ Ʉɨɦɢɫ
ɫɢɟɣ– JCI (Joint Commission International) ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɬɟɦɱɬɨɧɚ
ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɨɞɧɨɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɗɬɨ
ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧ
ɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɚɹ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ -&, -RLQW
Commission International) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ
ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɮɢɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɋɒȺ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɭ
21
ɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɥɟɬ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɧɚ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ
ɂɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ -RLQW
&RPPLVVLRQ ɛɵɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɚɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɋɒȺ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɲɟɫɬ
ɜɢɢɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɩɪɢɧɹɥɨɜɨɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɣɢɧ
ɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢɋɒȺɢɜɝɨɞɭɛɵɥɨɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ
ɮɨɪɦɚɬ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ -&, ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɡɧɚɟɦ ɟɟ ɫɟɝɨ
ɞɧɹ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɥɨ
ɝɨɬɢɩɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ
ɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ -RLQW &RPPLVVLRQ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɤɪɭɩ
ɧɨɣɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɣɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨɜ
ɋɒȺɧɨɢɜɫɟɦɦɢɪɟȼɋɒȺ-RLQW&RPPLVVLRQɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɤɚɱɟɫɬ
ɜɚ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧ ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣɜɦɢɪɟ- ɛɨɥɟɟɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
Ⱦɥɹɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧ
ɬɚ ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɸ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɧɟ
ɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɵɯɲɚɝɨɜ– ɧɚɱɚɬɶɫɬɨɢɬɫɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ«ɩɨɱɜɵ» ɞɥɹɬɨ
ɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɜɡɪɚɫɬɢɬɶɱɬɨ-ɬɨɧɨɜɨɟȼɩɟɪɜɭɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɜ
ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ – ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ
ɜɫɟɯɞɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɨɜɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɣɢɬɞɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɵɟ
ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ «ɫɥɚɛɵɯ» ɡɨɧ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɫɨɛɵɬɢɣɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɫɛɨɪɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ
ɋɚɦɚɹ ɜɚɠɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ – ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɚɤ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɟ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɦɫɥɢɹɧɢɢɞɜɭɯɫɜɨɞɨɜɩɪɚɜɢɥɌɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɧɨɪɦɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɨɛɹɡɚɧɵɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ -&, -RLQW &RPPLVVLRQ
,QWHUQDWLRQDO ɫɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɱɟɬɤɢɯ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɝɨ
ɜɨɪɨɱɧɵɯɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣɄɩɪɢɦɟɪɭɜɤɚɠɞɨɦɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɦɭɱɪɟɠ
ɞɟɧɢɢ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɜɪɚɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ ɪɭɤ
ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɬɢɫɟɩɬɢɤɚ ȼ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɚɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɧɨɟɫɬɶɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɱɬɨɛɵ
ɪɭɤɢɛɵɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚ
22
ɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧ
ɫɤɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ JCI ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟ
ɪɟɞɶɧɚɤɚɤɭɸ-ɥɢɛɨɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɛɚɡɭɧɨɪɦɵɋɚɧɉɢɇɚɢɬɞ
ȼɫɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɜ Ɉɛɳɟɦ ɫɜɨɞɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ -&,
$FFUHGLWDWLRQ6WDQGDUGVɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɤɥɢɧɢɤɢɩɪɢ
ɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɢɩɨɧɟɣɫɬɚɪɚɸɬɫɹɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɫɹɤɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ
ɗɬɚ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɵ
ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɥɟɱɟ
ɧɢɟɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ ɩɪɚɜɚɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɞɢɤɚ
ɦɟɧɬɨɜɢɬɚɤɞɚɥɟɟɄɚɠɞɚɹɝɥɚɜɚɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟɤɨɥɢɱɟ
ɫɬɜɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɤɥɢɧɢɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ Ɉɧɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɜɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ
ɩɨɦɨɳɢɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɭɜɨɜɫɟɦɦɢɪɟɢɞɥɹɢɯɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɩɢ
ɫɚɧɵɩɪɨɫɬɵɟɢɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɟɰɟɥɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɞɚɬɶɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɢɫɜɨɟɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɚɠɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹɦ ɂɞɟɧ
ɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢ
ɫɬɚɦɢɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɮɢɞɟɧ
ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɜɟɞɟ
ɧɢɹɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɜɢɢɯɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚɩɟɪɟɞ
ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɚɱɟɛɧɵɯ
ɨɲɢɛɨɤ – ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫɨɡ
ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɞɥɹ ɨɬɥɚɠɟɧɧɨɣɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɪɚɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ
ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɨɲɢɛɨɤ
ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɤɥɢɧɢɤɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɷɬɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɝɨɞ ɢɥɢ
ɞɜɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦɡɚɬɟɦɩɨɞɚɟɬɡɚɹɜɤɭɧɚɜɵɡɨɜɢɧɫɩɟɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɩɨɢɬɨ
ɝɚɦɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɚɹɤɥɢɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɩɪɨɜɟɪ
ɤɭ
ɉɪɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɞɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɦɢ
x ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɛɟɫɟɞɵɫ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦɢɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ
x ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵɢɦɟɫɬɚɭɯɨɞɚɡɚɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ
x ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɫɹɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵɞɟɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
ɤɚɞɪɨɜɚɹɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ
x ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɨɰɟɧɤɚɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɜɫɟɝɨɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɜɬɱɜɫɟɯɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɣ
23
x ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɫɹɦɟɪɵɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟɞɥɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɦɟɞɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɞɥɹɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜɢɯɛɥɢɡɤɢɯɚɬɚɤɠɟɦɟɞɢ
ɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɢɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ
x ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɩɨɦɟɳɟ
ɧɢɣ
x ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬɫɹɦɟɪɵɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɟɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯɭɫɥɭɝɢɫɟɪɜɢɫɚ
Ⱥɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɭɸ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ
ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ -&, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɦɟɞɭɱɪɟɠ
ɞɟɧɢɹɜɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɷɬɚɩɨɜɉɨɢɬɨɝɚɦɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɦɢ -&, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ
ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɥɢɰɩɨɢɯɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ
ɉɨɫɥɟɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ-&,-ɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɨɞɚ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɨɰɟɧɤɚɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɦɟɞɢɰɢɧ
ɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɹɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɵ -RLQW
&RPPLVVLRQ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɟɞɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ
ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɭ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɚ -&,–
ɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɭɫɥɭɝɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɚɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɞɥɹɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
1. Patient Handoffs: Standardized and Reliable Measurement
Tools Remain Elusive. // Joint Commission Journal on Quality and
Patient Safety, Volume 36, Number 2, February 2010
2. JCI Standards for Clinical Care Program Certification, 3rd
Edition, English version (PDF book) // Joint Commission Journal on
Quality and Patient Safety, July 2014
3. JCI Accreditation Standards for Long Term Care, 1st
Edition// Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety,
February 2012
4. JCI Accreditation Standards for Hospitals, 5th Edition // Joint
Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, June 2015
5. Strategies for Creating, Sustaining, and Improving a Culture
of Safety in Health Care, 2nd Edition // Joint Commission Journal on
Quality and Patient Safety, February 2017
24
ȽɥɚɡɤɨɜȺɥɟɤɫɟɣȺɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɧɬ
ɎɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɩɪɢɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɝȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɊɨɫɫɢɹ
e-mail: ooofinik@gmail.com
ɀɂɁɇȿɇɇɕȿɐɂɄɅɕɎɂɇȺɇɋɈȼɈɃɋɌɊȺɌȿȽɂɂ
ɄɈɆɉȺɇɂɂ
Ⱥɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ
ɫɬɚɞɢɣɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɤɚɦɩɚɧɢɢ Ɉɬɨ
ɛɪɚɠɟɧɵɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɡɚɞɚɱɢɰɟɥɢɢɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɵɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟ
ɝɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢɧɚɪɚɡɧɵɯɷɬɚɩɚɯȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɚ
ɩɪɹɦɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɢɟɺɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɦɰɢɤɥɨɦ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ: ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɰɟɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢ
ɨɧɧɨ-ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɪɚɡɪɚ
ɛɨɬɤɢ
Glazkov AA
Magister
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Vladimir, Russia
e-mail: ooofinik@gmail.com
LIFE CYCLES OF THE COMPANY'S FINANCIAL
STRATEGY
Abstract: The article examines the processes of different stages
of the life cycle of the campaign's financial strategy. The main tasks,
goals and dominants of the financial strategy, management decisions
aimed at achieving strategic and tactical goals are shown. The analysis
of the company's development processes at different stages is made. A
direct relationship between the choice of methodology for the development of a financial strategy and its life cycle has been revealed.
Keywords:
financial strategy, goals, organizational and manage-
rial structure, growth, value, development stages.
25
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣɱɟɪɬɨɣɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɛɢɡɧɟɫɚɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ
ɢɧɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɨɫɬɪɚɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɞɢ
ɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɜɧɟɲɧɟɣɫɪɟɞɵȼɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ
ɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɍɫɩɟɲɧɨɟɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɚɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɩɪɨɝɧɨ
ɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɨɞɧɢɦɢɡɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɧɚɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣɞɟɧɶ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ «ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ» ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦ
ɜɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɱɟɦɬɪɚɤɬɭɟɬɫɹɧɟɨɞɧɨ
ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɂȺ Ʌɢɫɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟ
ɝɢɢɤɚɤɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚɩɨɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟ
ɧɢɸ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨ
ɝɨɜɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɇɇ ɂɥɵɲɟɜɚ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɚɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ʌɂ ɀɭ
ɪɨɜɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱ
ɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢ
ɹɬɢɹȺȼȼɨɪɨɛɶɟɜɢȼȿɅɟɨɧɬɶɟɜɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɱɬɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɢ
ɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɰɢɪɭɟɬ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɬɨɜɚɪ
ɧɵɯ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢɦɚɤɪɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ
Ɉɛɨɛɳɢɜɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟɜɵɲɟɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɟɺ ɤɚɤ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚ
ɰɢɸɰɟɥɟɣɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɭɸɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢɢɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹɪɨɥɶɢɦɟɫɬɨɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɟɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɟɣ
ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɲɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬɨɜɫɯɨɠɢɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛ
ɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɟɺ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɨɛɳɢɦɢ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ Ɉɱɟ
ɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɰɟɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɥɸ
ɛɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɩɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɟɺɜɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɣɜɵɛɨɪ
26
ɗɬɨɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɤɚɤ ɤɨɛɳɟɣ ɢ
ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɺ ɤɚɤ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɷɤɨɧɨ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɱɟɪɟɡɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɫɟɯɫɮɟɪɟɝɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɟ
ɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɩɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜɹɜ
ɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɟɫɨɦɵɦ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚ
ɰɢɸɨɛɳɢɯɰɟɥɟɣɢɡɚɞɚɱɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ
ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɰɟɥɢɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɨɛɨɣɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɮɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɺ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪ
ɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟɢɞɚɜɚɬɶɨɰɟɧɤɭɟɺɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ
ɇɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɦɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚ
ɬɟɝɢɢɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɰɟɥɟɣ»ɫɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɤɚɫɤɚ
ɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɦ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɛɢɡɧɟɫɨɦ
x ɐɟɥɶ-ɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ– ɦɚɤɫɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚɪɨɫɬɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚ
x ɐɟɥɶ-ɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ– ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ
ɢɡ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢ
ɡɚɰɢɸɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
x ɐɟɥɶ -ɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ – ɰɟɥɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɦɟɫɬɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɯɝɥɚɜɧɨɣɡɚɞɚɱɟɣɹɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɡɚɞɚɱɢɰɟɥɟɣɜɬɨɪɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɡɚɞɚɱ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɐɟɥɢ -ɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ «ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ»ɚ -ɝɨɢ-ɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɤɚɤ «ɨɩɟɪɚ
ɬɢɜɧɵɟ».
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ
ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɨɪɝɚ
ɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɫɜɨɹ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɛɵɥɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɢɞɵɪɢɫɤɨɜȾɥɹɤɚɠ
ɞɨɣɫɬɚɞɢɢɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨɰɢɤɥɚɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɫɜɨɢɰɟɥɢɢɡɚɞɚɱɢɮɢ
ɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
27
Ⱦɨɤɬɪɢɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ
ɤɚɤɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɦɩɚ
ɧɢɢɇɚɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣɞɟɧɶɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟ
ɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ
ɜɡɝɥɹɞɚɯ ɧɚɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɫɬɚɞɢɣɜɰɢɤɥɟɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɢɯɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɯɚ
ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɉɪɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɢɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ
ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɫɬɚɞɢɢ
Ɂɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ – ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɢɞɟɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪ
ɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɣɫɹɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɪɦɵɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ Ɉɛɨɫɧɨɜɚ
ɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɰɟɥɟɣɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢɧɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɷɬɚɩɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɘɧɨɫɬɶ– ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ
ɢɢɦɢɞɠɚɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣɤɥɢɟɧɬɫɤɨɣɛɚɡɵ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɨɫɬ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ
ɫɬɜɚɎɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɪɨɫɬ– ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɪɚɫɲɢɪɟ
ɧɢɟ ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɧɚɫɦɟɠɧɵɟ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ
ɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɧɚ
ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ
Ɂɪɟɥɨɫɬɶ – ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɢɟɦɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɜɵ
ɪɚɠɚɹɫɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦɷɬɨ «ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɦɟɪɬɜɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ» ɤɨɦ
ɩɚɧɢɢ
ɋɩɚɞ– ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɤɚɤɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ
ȿɫɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɬɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɚɹɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɤɨɧɤɭ
ɪɟɧɬɧɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɢɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤɩɭɬɟɦɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹɬɟɯɧɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɯɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ
Ⱦɥɹɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢɧɚɦɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɚɛɥ
ɨɛɨɛɳɚɸɳɚɹɬɟɨɪɢɢɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɫɬɚɞɢɹɯɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨɰɢɤɥɚ
ɂɡɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɜɢɞɧɨɱɬɨɫɚɦɵɦɪɚɫɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɹɜ
ɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɟɪɢɨɞɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚ
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɵɱɚɝɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ
ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɦɚɥɵ ɉɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɚɤ
28
ɰɢɣɧɟɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵɤɚɤɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɮɢɧɚɧɫɨ
ɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɚɥɚ ɚ
ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹɬɨ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜɧɚɷɬɚɩɟɡɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɡɚɫɱɟɬɪɨɫɬɚɞɟɛɢɬɨɪ
ɫɤɨɣɡɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɢɭɩɪɚɜ
ɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɯɨ
ɠɞɟɧɢɟɡɚɬɪɚɬɧɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɚɪɟɚɥɢ
ɡɚɰɢɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɛɢɬɨɪɫɤɨɣɡɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɫ
ɤɨɪɟɧɢɹɪɨɫɬɚɢɨɛɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ
ɀɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟɰɢɤɥɵɜɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ
ɉɭɧɤɬ Ɂɚɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɘɧɨɫɬɶ Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ
Ɉɫɧɨɜ
ɧɚɹɰɟɥɶ
ɏɚɪɚɤ
ɬɟɪɧɵɟ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧ
ɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɩɟɪɚ
ɬɢɜɧɚɹ
ɰɟɥɶ
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡ
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɚ
ɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟɢɧɧɨ
ɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɡɚ
ɦɵɫɥɚɍɫɢɥɟɧ
ɧɵɣɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ
ɇɚɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯɫɜɹɡɟɣ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢɊɨɫɬ
ɩɪɨɞɚɠ
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɉɪɨ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɪɵɧɤɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɫ
ɥɭɝ Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨ
ɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɟɧɬ
ɫɤɨɣɛɚɡɵ
ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɥɚɠɢɜɚ
ɧɢɹɩɪɨɢɡ
ɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɢ
ɫɛɵɬɚɜɵ
ɫɨɤɢɣɮɢ
ɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɣ
ɪɢɫɤ
Ɉɩɬɢɦɢɡɚ
ɰɢɹɡɚɬɪɚɬ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɞɟɛɢɬɨɪ
ɫɤɨɣɡɚ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨ
ɫɬɢ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɞɨɥɢɩɪɢɫɭɬ
ɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɪɵɧɤɟ
ɪɨɫɬ
Ɋɨɫɬɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɢɪɵ
ɧɨɱɧɨɣɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ
Ɍɚɪɝɟɬɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɞɚɠ
ɋɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢ
ɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɤ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɬɢɩɭ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ
ɞɨɯɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɪɨ
ɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɤɚ
ɩɢɬɚɥɚ
Ɂɪɟɥɨɫɬɶ ɋɩɚɞ
ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɨɱɧɵɟɪɵ
ɧɨɱɧɵɟɩɨɡɢ
ɰɢɢɋɧɢɠɟ
ɧɢɟɢɧɧɨɜɚ
ɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɚɤ
ɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢȺɤ
ɰɟɧɬɧɚɪɨɫɬ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ
ɫɬɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ
ɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɋɨɫɬɷɤɨɧɨ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ
Ɂɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɯ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
Ɉɛɨɫɬɪɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ
ɋɬɚɪɟɧɢɟɪɟ
ɫɭɪɫɨɜɁɚɜɢ
ɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɞɚɥɶ
ɧɟɣɲɟɝɨɪɚɡɜɢ
ɬɢɹɨɬɭɞɚɱɧɨ
ɫɬɢɜɧɟɞɪɹɟ
ɦɵɯɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ
ɢɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢɨɪ
ɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ
Ɉɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɡɚɬɪɚɬɢɭɩɪɚɜ
ɥɟɧɢɹɚɤɬɢɜɚ
ɦɢ
ɂɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɨɬ
ɧɟɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶ
ɧɵɯɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ
29
ɂɫɬɮɢɧ
ɚɧɫɢɪɨ
ɜɚɧɢɹ
ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɫɨɛɫɬ
ɜɟɧɧɢɤɚ
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɟɢɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɟɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚ
ɧɢɟɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
Ⱦɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ
ɡɚɟɦɧɵɟɫɪɟɞ
ɫɬɜɚ
ɉɟɪɢɨɞɸɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɩɨɜɵ
ɲɟɧɢɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɵɦ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɦɢɨɩɟ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶɸ ɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɭɞɟ
ɥɢɬɶɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɭɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɨɛɴɟɦɨɜɩɪɨɞɚɠɢɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ
Ɋɨɫɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɪɨɫɬɨɦɩɪɢɛɵɥɢɜɟɺ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɦɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɫɬɚ
ɞɢɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɡ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɚɤ
ɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɧɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ ɡɚ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɨɣ ɫ
ɨɩɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦȼɫɜɹɡɢɫɷɬɢɦɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯɢɡ
ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɬɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɨɜɭɠɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ
ɧɢɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜɞɨɥɝɨɜɨɝɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɦɩɚ
ɧɢɹɬɟɦɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɜɨɣɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɣ ɪɢɫɤȼɷɬɨɬɩɟɪɢ
ɨɞ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɨɪ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ
ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɢ
ɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨɪɵɱɚɝɚ ȼɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɨɩɟɪɚɰɢ
ɨɧɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɣɪɨɫɬɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯɩɨɬɨ
ɤɨɜ ɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ
(EPɢɫɜɨɟɝɨɪɨɞɚɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟɨɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɣɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ
ɍ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɢ ɝɢɛɤɨ
ɫɬɶɸɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɛɢɡɧɟɫɚɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɟɝɨ
ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɤ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɇɚɫɬɚɞɢɢɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɡɚɞɚɱɟɣɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ – ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ
ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢɗɬɨɝɨɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɶɩɭɬɟɦɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛ
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɢ
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