Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Your majesty science. Учебное пособие
.pdf
UNIT TWO
Инфинитивные обороты
1. Оборот «Сложное дополнение» встречается обычно после глаголов,
выражающих физическое восприятие, умственное восприятие, желание
приказание, просьбу: to hear, to see, to feel, to watch, to wish, to lie, to want, to
mean, to admit, to order etc.
a. I saw him run. Я видел, как он побежал.
b. I heard her speak on the radio. Я слышал ее выступление по радио.
c. The teacher wants us to study well. Преподаватель хочет, чтобы мы учились
хорошо.
2. Оборот «Сложное подлежащее» встречается после сказуемого в
пассивной форме, выраженного чаще всего глаголами to see, to hear, to feel,
to tell, to say, to expect, to consider, to know, to think.
a. He is expected to come soon. Ожидают, что он скоро придет.
b. The expedition is supposed to have returned. Предполагают, что экспедиция
уже вернулась.
3. Инфинитивная конструкция с предлогом ‘for’ переводится на русский
язык придаточным предложением или собственно инфинитивом.
a. That was for the scientists to find out. Выяснить это должны были ученые.
b. The researchers asked for the project to be approved of. Исследователи
попросили, чтобы проект был одобрен.
PRACTICE
1. Translate from English into Russian. Pay attention to the Infinitive
Constructions.
The abbreviation GTAW is known to stand for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding.
The TIG welding process is said to involve striking an arc between a non-
consumable tungsten electrode and the workpiece.
The weld pool and the electrode are supposed to be protected by an inert gas,
usually argon.
TIG welding is known to be widely used for welding with filler material,
which is applied in rod form by hand similar to gas welding.
11
Automatic welding tools are known to incorporate many advanced features,
including mechanized supply of filler wire.
Specialists expect the method to provide the stable arc excellent control of
the welding result.
The welding of stainless steel, the welding of light metals, such as
aluminium and magnesium alloys, and the welding of copper appear to be the main
application for TIG welding.
The method is likely to be suitable for welding all weldable materials, apart
from lead and zinc.
TIG welding turns out to be best suited to thin materials, from about 0.5 mm
up to about 3 mm thick.
In terms of productivity, TIG welding is unlikely to compete with methods
such as short arc welding.
Experts know TIG welding method to be very beneficial.
2. Translate into English using the Infinitive Constructions.
a) Известно, что наука не стоит на месте. Каждый день сообщают о новых
открытиях в разных областях науки и техники.
в) Ожидается, что новая технология изготовления строительных блоков
позволит значительно сократить расходы.
с) Говорят, что скоро преподавателей заменят роботы. Я хочу, чтобы
этого никогда не произошло.
d) Я видел, как мой сосед безуспешно пытался списать на экзамене. Не
получилось.
e) Такой способ решения уравнения считается самым оптимальным.
f) Это тебе решать.
3. Skim the article to find the sentences with the Infinitives and Infinitive
Constructions. Translate them into Russian.
12
Advances in Tin Cans; Lasers Help in Welding Smooth Seam
Some manufacturers contend that the seams on tin can are
unsightly and make labeling and decoration more difficult.
Technological advances in the welding process are reported to
make these seams less noticeable and, in turn, more attractive
cans are known to be created.
In recent years, several companies are known to have begun welding cans with
laser beams instead of the conventional thin copper electrode strip. Although many
people in the can industry suggest it will probably be several years before laser
welding is widely used in consumer products, the technique is said to become a
common method of can manufacturing.
Laser welding is said to cut production costs and it uses about 45 percent less
energy than the traditional method, called resistance welding.
''Laser welding is a technology that's just getting started in the United States,''
said Fred L. Church, editor of Modern Metals, published from Chicago. ''Its use here
is targeted primarily for the aerosol can business because that's where the technology
is considered to be best used.''
Most beverage cans, Mr. Church said, are now made with two pieces of metal.
In these cans, there is no side seam because the cylinder and the base are formed from
just one piece of aluminum. But aluminum is considered to be too weak for some
food and pressurized products, so such cans are usually made from three metal
pieces: a top, a base and a rectangular sheet of tin-plated steel, which must be welded
to form a cylinder. In resistance welding, the thin area of overlap on the curved sheet
is fused by intense heat conducted through a copper electrode.
A 1,325-watt carbon-dioxide laser, by contrast, melts the steel at the edges of
the sheet, fusing the edges and forming an almost seamless cylinder. After the
welding, the can passes through a set of rollers that smooth the welded area,
preparing it for the subsequent labeling or paint spraying.
13
The process is controlled by a computer that shuts off the laser if the beam
strays from the thin welding area. The biggest driving factor behind the development
of laser welding is supposed to be the fact that it makes the cans more esthetically
attractive. In the conventional method of welding cans with copper electrodes, there
is a seam that's an eighth of an inch or so. With laser welding, that seam is down to
almost nothing. Laser-welded cans are likely to appeal to can customers because they
are better to place labels on.
The New York Times
4. Read the article carefully and answer the questions.
1. What technological problems can manufactures face?
2. Are industrialists very optimistic about using laser welding in consumer
products?
3. What are the advantages of laser wielding compared with traditional welding
methods?
4. How does the resistance welding technique work?
5. What is the main thing that promotes using a laser welding technique?
5. Translate the last paragraph of the article in written form.
6. Translate into English using the Infinitive and Infinitive Constructions
where possible.
Новая концепция
Компания Rasselstein GmbH известна как единственный производитель
белой жести в Германии. В настоящее время она продвигает новые
упаковочные концепции. Сообщают, что CosmoCan ® является инновационной
концепцией для нового вида упаковки из жести.
Говорят, что технология CosmoCan ® с успехом находит свое
применение: она может быть использована для аэрозольных продуктов, таких
как лаки для волос и дезодоранты, а также напитки и продукты питания.
14
Как полагают, новая концепция производства даст возможность
уменьшить толщину банки. Экономия материала, безусловно, будет
способствовать сокращению производственных затрат. Лазерная технология
также позволяет производить банки и тубы диаметром менее 10 мм, что, со
всей вероятностью, откроет совершенно новые возможности для использования
жести.
Стал возможным индивидуальный дизайн упаковки, так как при
изготовлении банки используют гидравлический процесс формовки. Новая
технология позволяет изготовлять банки необычной формы, что, наверняка,
привлечет внимание потребителя.
SELF-ASSESSMENT II
1. Translate the article using a dictionary.
Man of Steel’s Industrial Web, Mirroring Nature
ROXY PAINE’S stainless-steel Dendroid
sculptures seem to be straightforward enough at first,
clearly recognizable as treelike forms. But they always
manage to veer into ambiguous territory.
“Maelstrom,” for example, displayed on the roof of the Metropolitan Museum
of Art last year, posed as a mass of fallen trees in the aftermath of a storm. Yet its
branches were supposed to exhibit decidedly unbranchlike behavior: fusing and
connecting in the manner of neuron paths or pulses of energy. Mr. Paine’s Dendroids
are never really just about trees.
“Distillation” is considered to be the most complex and immersive structure in
his series of 22 Dendroids. It is now barreling through the James Cohan Gallery in
New York. Here Mr. Paine pushes the metaphoric content that underpins these
sculptures to new extremes. It still uses arboreal forms, but they now mesh with other
15
overtly defined branching systems: a vascular network of arteries and veins with two
plump kidneys, mushroom colonies and their germinating mycelia, neuron bundles
and taxonomic diagrams, and raw pipelines connected to steel tanks and industrial
valves.
Each one of his Dendroids is known to be made from standard industrial
piping - the kind typically used by the pharmaceutical industry and nuclear power
plants - that Mr. Paine bends, welds, grinds and polishes to turn them into seamless
organic forms. They mirror nature but are sure to retain their gleaming industrial
artifice. That dichotomy reflects the artist’s ambivalent feelings about tampering with
nature.
Like his work Mr. Paine, 44, is also said to straddle worlds. He and his family
split their time between an apartment in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, and their home in
rural Treadwell. In the country, he has converted a barn into a full-production
metalworking shop that’s staffed by about a half-dozen assistants.
Disassembled Dendroids awaiting future installation are splayed out in the
surrounding fields, their antlerlike steel components blinding in a strong sun, and
beautifully moody in cloudy light. His “100 Foot Line,” scheduled to be installed this
month at the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa, is a single tree trunk that tapers
to a simple point; it is the antithesis of “Distillation.”
The Economist
2. Make a presentation on advances of modern welding techniques in
Russia.
16
UNIT THREE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
INDEFINITE
playing
being played
PERFECT
having played
having been played
ПЕРЕВОД ГЕРУНДИЯ И ГЕРУНДИАЛЬНЫХ ОБОРОТОВ
ФОРМЫ ГЕРУНДИЯ
Перевод предложения зависит от формы герундия, например:
a. I hate going by for train. Ненавижу ездить поездом.
b. I remember having seen him once. Я помню, что встречался с ним когда-то.
c. I really don’t like being told what to do. Терпеть не могу, когда мне указывают.
d. He couldn’t forget having been cheated by a gipsy. Он не мог забыть, как его
обманула цыганка
1. Translate from English into Russian paying attention to the Gerund.
We can’t imagine modern industrial production without using computer
technologies.
Dancing is fun.
Driving makes me tired.
This is used for cutting metal.
He is good at repairing bikes.
I am sorry for having disturbed you.
That explains his having been tired from his job.
PRACTICE
I enjoy having worked with you.
Your refusing to help hurt him.
I am annoyed about having lost all that money.
2. Translate into English paying attention to the Gerund.
a) Иметь высокий рост – это достоинство.
17
b) Что еще Вы можете делать, помимо работы на компьютере?
c) Я с утра пробежалась по магазинам.
d) Заниматься садоводством мне не интересно.
e) Сначала попробуй, а потом уже ворчи!
f) То, что он об этом не знает, не имеет никакого значения.
g) Нас разбудило его монотонное ворчание.
h) Рыбалка запрещена!
g) Тебе полезно есть фрукты.
h) Она рассердилась, что ее не послали в командировку за границу.
3. Skim the article to find the sentences with the Gerund. Translate them.
Computer mice for the blind
(1) Computers have become such an integral part of life,
in the rich world at least, that even social networking is done
online. The blind, however, are often excluded from such kind
of interacting. Now a system has been developed to make
navigating the internet easier for blind people. It also allows using word-processing
software and even tracing the shapes of graphs and charts. Its inventors hope it will
enable more blind people to work in offices.
(2) The system developed by staff at Tactile World, an Israeli company, uses a
device that looks similar to a conventional computer mouse. On its top, however, it
has two pads, each with 16 pins arranged in a four-by-four array. Software supplied
with the mouse translates text displayed on the screen into Braille.
(3) In traditional Braille, numbers and letters are represented by raised bumps
in the paper of the page being read. The pins on the mouse take the role of these
bumps. As the cursor controlled by the mouse is moved across the screen, the pins
rise and fall to represent the text across which they are moving. One pad represents
the character under the cursor, the other gives the reader information about what is
coming next, such as whether it is a letter or the end of the word. This advance
18
information makes interpretation easier. As the user reads the text, the system also
announces the presence of links to other websites. And the user can opt, if he wishes,
to have the computer read the whole text out loud.
(4) The mouse’s software has an “anchor” feature, to hold onto the line of text
that is being read. Alternatively, a user can click a button on the mouse and the text
will scroll along and run under his fingers without him having to move the device.
(5) When he encounters a graph, map or other such figure, the pins rise when
the mouse is on a line. The number of pins raised reflects the thickness of the line. If
he strays from the line, the pins fall. He is thus able to trace, say, the curve of a graph
or the border of a country. Interpreting more complex diagrams is also possible. Dark
areas of maps, for example, can be represented by raising all the pins, while light
areas are places where all the pins are dropped.
The Economist
3. Read the article carefully and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
a) Social networking is impossible online._____
b) A system to help blind people to use the Internet is still to be
developed.___
c) The new system resembles a traditional computer mouse.____
d) Braille is a tactile writing system used by the blind and the visually
impaired, and found in books, on menus, signs, elevator buttons, and currency. ______
e) The principle behind the new device is similar to traditional Braille.____
f) There is an option of the reader being able to hear the whole text read.____
g) It is very difficult for the reader to keep the track of the line being
read._____
h) The new mouse isn’t suitable to encounter graphs or maps, to say nothing
of more complex diagrams.____
i) The gadget makes it possible to distinguish colours. _____
4. Translate paragraphs 4 and 5 in written form.
5. Translate into English using the Gerund where possible.
19
Вот одна из
концептуальных новинок
Sony: портативный
компьютер Vaio EQ. Этот
компьютер, имеющий форму
шестиугольника, помещается
в карман и способен
запоминать предпочтения
пользователя, давать ему
полезные советы и
напоминания. Если его
постоянно носить с собой, то
компьютер будет
"накапливать опыт", а его
советы будут становиться все
более полезными.
Например, если в
загруженном из интернета
прогнозе погоды будет
говориться о вероятности
дождя, компьютер предложит
пользователю взять с собой
зонт. Если же пользователь
окажется в ему незнакомом
месте и проголодается, компьютер выдаст ему список кафе и ресторанов. При
этом, по возможности, все они будут соответствовать гастрономическим
предпочтениям его владельца.
20
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]