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Файл:TOPICAL ISSUES OF LOGISTICS. Учебное пособие для студентов-магистров направления «Экономика»
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ТРАНСПОРТА
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ АВТОНОМНОЕ
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«РОССИЙСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА»
Институт экономики и финансов
Кафедра «Лингвистика»
Л.А. Чернышова, Н.А. Заломова, В.М. Кайдаш
TOPICAL ISSUES OF LOGISTICS
Учебное пособие
для студентов-магистров
направления «Экономика»
МОСКВА - 2021
УДК 42
Ч 49
Чернышова Л.А., Заломова Н.А., Кайдаш В.М.
TOPICAL ISSUES OF LOGISTICS: Учебное пособие для
студентов-магистров направления «Экономика». – М.: РУТ
(МИИТ), 2021. - 144 с.
Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов
магистратуры направления 38.04.01 «Экономика»,
направленность «Мировая экономика и международная
логистика».
Учебное пособие на английском языке содержит
оригинальные тексты по актуальным вопросам логистики:
логистика как наука, виды логистики, цепи поставок,
блокчейн, планирование и оптимизация перевозочного
процесса, мобильные распределительные центры, и др. В
конце каждого раздела предлагаются вопросы и задания,
направленные на практическое овладение студентами
профессионально-ориентированным английским языком. В
пособие также включены дополнительные тексты на
английском языке по различным аспектам современной
логистики.
Рецензенты: заведующая кафедрой германистики
и лингводидактики Московского городского
педагогического университета (МГПУ),
профессор, д. филол. н. Е.В. Бирюкова;
заведующая кафедрой «Экономика и управление
на транспорте» РУТ (МИИТ), профессор, д.э.н.
Н.П. Терешина
©РУТ (МИИТ), 2021
3
CONTENTS
Unit 1. Logistics……………………………………………….7
Unit 2. Top 10 Supply Chain Trends in 2021…………….….13
Unit 3. Nodes of a Distribution Network………………….…17
Unit 4. Blockchain in Logistics………………………….…...32
Unit 5. Five Technologies That Will Self-Orchestrate The
Supply Chain…………………………………………………35
Unit 6. The Latest Fulfillment Dream - Mobile Distribution
Centers………………………………………………….…….42
Unit 7. Five Keys to Transportation Planning and Optimization
Success……………………………………………………….47
4
Supplementary Texts
Text 1. Is there a future for delivery drones
Text 2. Walmart plans to Use Drones and Imaging to Take
Physical Inventories in its DCs
Text 3. Fastway NZ claims world-first drone delivery
Text 4. Bar code-scanning Google Glass
Text 5. Amazon patents push-shipping
Text 6. GE Lighting Brightens Its Logistics Scene with
Intermodal
Text 7. Star quality cooling for brakes distribution
Text 8. The Complex Challenges of Designing an Automated
Distribution Center
Text 9. Intermodal rail and logistics sour otherwise strong
Asciano earnings
Text 10. Victorian freight plan promotes Port of Hastings and
rail, but road still rules
Text 11. TV Group joins the Future Logistics Living Lab in
Australia
Text 12. Transport and logistics staff wellbeing programs pay
big dividends
Text 13. Moorebank intermodal gets praise, and condemnation
5
Text 14. Moorebank Intermodal Terminal tender process opens
Text 15. The Competency you Keep — When Outsourcing
Logistics
Text 16. Are You Afraid of Your Suppliers
Text 17. Is the National Land Freight Strategy on the right track
Text 18. Still waiting to hear back on Newcastle container
terminal
Text 19. How Real-Time Supply & Demand Matching Drives
Sales
Text 20. Could Visual Identification Technologies
Revolutionize Logistics Operations
Text 21. Larger ships could be deployed on Asia-Australia
trade
Text 22. Designers find more space in shipping container
Text 23. The right mix of technologies can help with the layout
of a warehouse as well as the efficient flow of its people and
products
Text 24.Nearly half of senior executives say their supply chain
risk management programs are insufficient or ineffective
Text 25. IATA Urges Plan to Secure Air Cargo Supply Chain
Text 26. Transport and Logistics Efficiency Improvement Pilot
Project
6
Text 27. Planning and Doing Meet in Today's WMS and TMS
Text 28. How a Mexico City Auto Supplier Cut Cross-Border
Shipment Time in Half
Text 29. An Australian first in wine logistics
Text 30. Big DC opens in western Sydney
Text 31. Riverina Intermodal Freight and Logistics Hub gets
government boost
Text 32. Solution - move Port Botany containers to Newcastle
and expand Sydney Airport
Text 33.Container detention rules to impact on cost and supply
chain efficiency
Text 34. New container detention rules will hurt industry
Text 35. How Do You Know If your Supply Chain is Lean
Enough
Text 36. Supply Chain Cost Reduction is Manufacturing’s Top
Priority
7
Unit 1. Logistics
Logistics is the art and science of managing and
controlling the flow of goods, energy, information and other
resources like products, services, and people, from the source
of production to the marketplace.
Originally, logistics played the vital role of moving
military personnel, equipment and goods. While logistics is as
important as ever in the military, the term today is more
commonly used in the context of moving commercial goods
within the supply chain. It is the process of planning and
executing the efficient transportation and storage of goods from
the point of origin to the point of consumption. The goal of
logistics is to meet customer requirements in a timely, costeffective manner.
The operating responsibility of logistics is the
geographical repositioning of raw materials, work in process,
and finished inventories where required at the lowest cost
possible. Logistician is the profession in the logistics and
transport sectors, including sea, air, land, and rail modes.
Professional logisticians are often certified by professional
associations. One can either work in a pure logistics company,
such as a shipping line, airport, or freight forwarder, or within
the logistics department of a company. However, as mentioned
above, logistics is a broad field, encompassing procurement,
production, distribution, and disposal activities. Hence, career
perspectives are broad as well. A new trend in the industry is
the 4PL, or fourth-party logistics, firms, consulting companies
offering logistics services.
There are two principle types of logistics: inbound
logistics and outbound logistics. Inbound logistics is one of
the primary processes of logistics concentrating on purchasing
and arranging the inbound movement of materials, parts, or
8
unfinished inventory from suppliers to manufacturing or
assembly plants, warehouses, or retail stores. Outbound
logistics is the process related to the storage and movement of
the final product and the related information flows from the end
of the production line to the end user.
Given the services performed by logisticians, the main
fields of logistics can be broken down as follows: Procurement
logistics, Distribution logistics, After-sales logistics, Disposal
logistics, Reverse logistics, Green logistics, Global logistics,
Domestics logistics, Concierge service, Asset control logistics,
Point-of-sale material logistics, Emergency logistics,
Production logistics, Construction logistics, Capital project
logistics, Digital logistics, Humanitarian logistics.
Procurement logistics consists of activities such
as market research, requirements planning, make-or-buy
decisions, supplier management, ordering, and order
controlling. The targets in procurement logistics might be
contradictory: maximizing efficiency by concentrating on core
competences, outsourcing while maintaining the autonomy of
the company, or minimizing procurement costs while
maximizing security within the supply process.
Advance Logistics consists of the activities required to
set up or establish a plan for logistics activities to occur.
Global Logistics is technically the process of managing
the "flow" of goods through what is called a supply chain, from
its place of production to other parts of the world. This often
requires an intermodal transport system, transport via ocean,
air, rail, and truck. The effectiveness of global logistics is
measured in the Logistics Performance Index.
Distribution logistics has, as main tasks, the delivery of
the finished products to the customer. It consists of order
processing, warehousing, and transportation. Distribution
logistics is necessary because the time, place, and quantity of
9
production differ with the time, place, and quantity of
consumption.
Disposal logistics has as its main function to reduce
logistics cost(s) and enhance service(s) related to the disposal
of waste produced during the operation of a business.
Reverse logistics denotes all those operations related to
the reuse of products and materials. The reverse logistics
process includes the management and the sale of surpluses, as
well as products being returned to vendors from buyers.
Reverse logistics stands for all operations related to the reuse of
products and materials. It is "the process of planning,
implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow
of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and
related information from the point of consumption to the point
of origin for the purpose of recapturing value or proper
disposal. More precisely, reverse logistics is the process of
moving goods from their typical final destination for the
purpose of capturing value, or proper disposal. The opposite of
reverse logistics is forward logistics."
Green Logistics describes all attempts to measure and
minimize the ecological impact of logistics activities. This
includes all activities of the forward and reverse flows. This
can be achieved through intermodal freight transport, path
optimization, vehicle saturation and city logistics.
RAM Logistics (see also Logistic engineering)
combines both business logistics and military logistics since it
is concerned with highly complicated technological systems for
which Reliability, Availability and Maintainability are
essential, ex: weapon systems and military supercomputers.
Asset Control Logistics: companies in the retail
channels, both organized retailers and suppliers, often deploy
assets required for the display, preservation, promotion of their
products. Some examples are refrigerators, stands, display
monitors, seasonal equipment, poster stands & frames.
10
Emergency logistics (or Humanitarian Logistics) is a
term used by the logistics, supply chain, and manufacturing
industries to denote specific time-critical modes of transport
used to move goods or objects rapidly in the event of an
emergency. The reason for enlisting emergency logistics
services could be a production delay or anticipated production
delay, or an urgent need for specialized equipment to prevent
events such as aircraft being grounded (also known as "aircraft
on ground"—AOG), ships being delayed, or
telecommunications failure. Humanitarian logistics involves
governments, the military, aid agencies, donors, nongovernmental organizations and emergency logistics services
are typically sourced from a specialist provider.
The term production logistics describes logistic
processes within a value-adding system (ex: factory or a mine).
Production logistics aims to ensure that each machine and
workstation receives the right product in the right quantity and
quality at the right time. The concern is with production,
testing, transportation, storage, and supply. Production logistics
can operate in existing as well as new plants: since
manufacturing in an existing plant is a constantly changing
process, machines are exchanged and new ones added, which
gives the opportunity to improve the production logistics
system accordingly. Production logistics provides the means to
achieve customer response and capital efficiency. Production
logistics becomes more important with decreasing batch sizes.
In many industries (e.g. mobile phones), the short-term goal is
a batch size of one, allowing even a single customer's demand
to be fulfilled efficiently. Track and tracing, which is an
essential part of production logistics due to product safety and
reliability issues, is also gaining importance, especially in
the automotive and medical industries.
Construction Logistics has been employed by
civilizations for thousands of years. As the various human
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