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Файл:TOPICAL ISSUES OF LOGISTICS. Учебное пособие для студентов-магистров направления «Экономика»
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41
Gestation gap between ordering and possessing a
product is now within seconds; same-day delivery becomes
same-hour delivery.
Value-added services such as “trade facilitation,” no
longer exist as blockchain enables all payments upon approval
for letters of credit and issues port payments upon custody
changes, etc. Supply chain unbundles from “end to end” and
“point A to point B,” as business models shift from integration
to aggregation
50 percent of all fleets will have some level of autonomy
between being semi-autonomous to fully autonomous
Transport volumes in warehouses are reduced by 50
percent and warehouse sizes decreased by 30 percent, with
more smaller spokes closer to consumers than large, central
hubs in city outskirts
If even one of these predictions come to fruition, it
would mean we have come a long way from our existing
cumbersome models and will be in the future that favours data
and technology to hedge uncertainty, rather than expensive
reactionary methods. It means in the future digital realm, the
rewards will be tremendous and companies will gain
significant advantages. The supply chain is ripe for
transformation and first-mover advantage is up for the taking.
Task 1. Answer the questions
1. What are five technologies that will self-orchestrate the
supply chain?
2. Why do value-added services such as “trade
facilitation,” no longer exist ?
3. What does Autonomous Fleet bring ?
4. Why is Big Data a useful conversation ?
5. When will semi-autonomous trucks reach a penetration
rate of 5 percent?
6. What will the supply chain of tomorrow be like?
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7. What does the self-orchestrated supply chain mean?
Task 2. Fill in the gaps
1. …….could emerge as the new operating system for
supply chain networks that combines B2B connectivity
with software apps.2
2. This unprecedented pace of change will be driven by a
……….that will be cautiously adopted by industry
participants over the next 15 years
3. IOT platforms for ……. could connect retailers to
couriers and transporters with a single click.
4. Mobile apps are critical to a seamless, on-the-move
brokerage system, also known as the “………”
5. Growth in ……..., coupled with connectivity
technologies, will usher in new solutions for freight and
logistics firms.
6. Value-added services such as “………,” no longer exist
Task 3.
Grammar Revision: Find the sentences with Complex Subject
and translate them into Russian
distribution centers seems almost obvious, but that's the result
of creating thinking from Amazon.com and Mercedes, in
moves that will almost certainly lead to more innovation in this
area.
that it had been awarded a US patent in April for what it calls
an "airborne fulfillment center" or AFC.
Unit 6. The Latest Fulfillment Dream –
Mobile Distribution Centers
Well, once you see the ideas, the idea of mobile
First, to Amazon, for which news broke in late December
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The AFC is a blimp or airship that is capable of flying at
altitudes of up to 45,000 feet and would store inventory that is
delivered via drone to customers below.
In the patent, Amazon describes a method by which
some type of aerial shuttle would fly into the airship's storage
area to deliver inventory and drones, while those staged drones
later deliver items to a customer's home - or maybe even to a
seat at a football game.
For example, an attendee at a football game might want
to order a meal or a jersey without ever leaving his or her seat.
The system Amazon describes would potentially enable
customers to receive those orders within minutes - though the
idea of drones flying into stadiums is a bit hard to digest.
The core idea seems to be that airborne fulfillment
centers could respond to surges in local demand even before
they occur, according to the patent filing.
Large gatherings of people for a specific event, such as a
concert or a sports game, are one example Amazon highlights
as a clear-use case. But Amazon also appears to believe that
using airships could reduce the costs of drone delivery in
general.
One major problem with drone for ecommerce deliveries
is that drones for now and likely some period of years will have
pretty limited flying ranges. That means Amazon or others
would need to build many, many additional fulfillment centers
to get product close enough to customers to make drone
delivery practical.
But what if the inventory could fly in an airship to get
within done delivery range? That possibility is also key to the
thinking behind Amazon's airborne fulfillment center concept.
Since the drones that Amazon is testing can't get up to
heights anywhere near as high as 45,000 feet on their own,
Amazon said in its filing that drones will fly back to a ground
installation after delivering the order, where they'll be placed in
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a shuttle and brought back to the AFC. The drones apparently
can descend from those lofty heights by gliding down with little
use of energy.
The airborne fulfillment centers concept is roughly
illustrated in the graphic below from the Amazon patent filing:
The Amazon filing noted that "The use of an AFC and
shuttles also provides another benefit in that the AFC can
remain airborne for extended periods of time. In addition,
because the AFC is airborne, it is not limited to a fixed location
like a traditional ground based materials handling facility. In
contrast, it can navigate to different areas depending on a
variety of factors, such as weather, expected demand, and/or
actual demand."
Can it work? There would seem to be a number of
obstacles - such as how does Amazon get drones back into the
aerial shuttle after they make deliveries? - but it’s another
interesting concept from Amazon for sure, just the latest in a
never ending series of innovative ideas.
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The Mercedes Delivery Van of the Future
Another take on the mobile warehouse is a concept from
Mercedes it calls the Vision Van.
The German car and truck maker claims that the allelectric van can help boost the efficiency of delivery in urban
areas by up to 50%.
The Vision Van comes complete with a fully automated
cargo loading system and the ability to deploy delivery drones
and self-driving robots to get parcels to customer doors quickly.
These new systems will allow delivery drivers to
dispatch multiple packages at once, increasing efficiency,
especially in urban environments.
The maximum load weight on the drones will be up to 2
kilograms, which Mercedes says would cover around 85% of
all Amazon delivery parcels.
These drones will also deliver their payloads to distances
of up to 20 kilometers at speeds of up to 60 kilometers per
hour, at heights of between 50 and 200 meters.
Pictures of the Mercedes concept are shown below:
The Mercedes Vision Van Features Fully Automated
Loading and Package Retrieval
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Task 1. Answer the questions
1. Why is the idea of mobile distribution centers obvious ?
2. What does the abbreviation AFC stand for ?
3. What benefits does the use of an AFC and shuttles
provide?
4. What is the major problem with drone for ecommerce
deliveries ?
5. What is the maximum load weight on the drones?
6. What distances will the drones be able to deliver their
payloads ?
7. What concept is called the Vision Van ?
8. What factors does navigation of AFC depend on ?
Task 2. Fill in the gaps
1. Amazon was awarded a US patent for what it calls
an "………." .
2. Airborne fulfillment centers could respond to surges
in …….even before they occur.
3. The AFC is a blimp or….. that is capable of flying
at altitudes of up to 45,000 feet
4. The Vision Van comes complete with a fully
automated ……system and the ability to deploy
delivery…… and ……to get parcels to customer
doors quickly.
5. These new systems will allow delivery drivers to
dispatch ……..at once, increasing efficiency,
especially in urban environments
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Task 3.
Grammar Revision: Find the sentences with Infinitive
and Infinitive Constructions and translate them into
Russian
Unit 7. Five Keys to Transportation Planning
Demands on today’s logistics professionals are at an alltime high and this pressure shows no sign of letting up. The
steadfast focus on keeping costs low while delivering a greater
level of service can tax even the most seasoned professional.
So, how do you find the balance between low cost and
higher service requirements? How do you optimize
transportation management in today’s fluid, global, omnichannel world?
Success requires the ability to think strategically while
exploiting tactical opportunities. This has become a crucial
challenge for any company with products to deliver. Here we
will review the latest business challenges that are driving
initiatives in transportation and outline five key factors that
help achieve transportation success, control costs, take charge
of the transportation process, and ensure outstanding customer
service.
Challenges
Today companies must solve an ever more complex
transportation puzzle within the global supply chain context
and global economic environment. Transportation Management
Systems (TMS) have become an essential system for best-inclass companies to plan, automate, optimize, and collaborate in
proactively tackling transportation challenges such as:
Controlling Cost. When inbound and outbound
transportation costs are both considered, they often represent
the single largest cost supply chain teams face. Inbound costs,
and Optimization Success
48
often buried, should never be overlooked; best-in-class
companies strive to compete more effectively by reducing these
costs while maintaining service levels.
Embracing Omni-Channel. Service levels are tougher
to optimize in an omni-channel world. For some companies,
Logistics flows now extend to the residence, requiring a more
granular look at transportation. In some markets Same Day and
Next Day delivery capabilities with varying levels of service
are required in order to compete with the likes of Amazon,
Walmart and many others. This type of service — and its
associated costs—must be incorporated into transportation
management strategies.
Meeting Multi-Enterprise Requirements. For efficient
business processes, the need for robust internal and external
collaboration is a commonly accepted requirement across the
enterprise, including both inbound and outbound flows,
spanning carriers, vendors, 3PLs, and customers.
Utilizing Visibility to Improve Operations. It’s one
thing to have a general “awareness of events” as items move
through the Supply Chain – whether from overseas onto the
ocean, from ocean to rail, fleet, TL, and LTL, then to
distribution points and, in some cases, to the customer. But it is
crucial to have full visibility into these events and their costs.
Best-in-class organizations exploit visibility and proactive
planning to give themselves maximum flexibility.
Five Keys to Transportation Optimization Success
1. Contract and Rates Management
What to do: Work with partners to establish rates,
anticipated volumes and capacity requirements. With rates for
all modes and carriers and their service levels in a centralized
database, a rating engine will automatically calculate costs and
provide cost/service/transit time information for qualifying
carriers.
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Result: Through the use of advanced rating engines with
a centralized database of rates for all modes to capture costs
and verify compliance, companies achieved systemic
improvements in supply chain efficiency from automatically
planning least-cost, most efficient shipments across multiple
modes and carriers.
2. Routing and Service Level Agreement (SLA)
Compliance
What to do: Base contracted rates on a correlated set of
volumes by lane and mode.
Result: Confidence that fulfillment matched the desired
level of service at the target cost. Executives noted that their
actual shipping execution would comply with the plan as
intended while taking all constraints into account.
3. Mode Shift, Rate/Lane Aggregation and
Consolidation
What to do: Periodically assess the ability to shift
modes, and perform rate and lane aggregation and
consolidation.
Result: After aggregating, consolidating and
streamlining the supplier mix to take advantage of available
volume/discount/service level opportunities, supply chain
teams found they had a systematic approach to planning,
executing and analyzing shipping activities. They also reported
their teams built trust in the system’s recommendations for
potential mode shifts, sourcing changes, and channel and lane
shifts.
4. Route and Stop Optimization
What to do: Optimize across all modes (e.g. multi-stop
trucks, inter-modal, rail) to carry loads on both inbound and
outbound routes.
Result: By applying sophisticated transportation
management technology to build an optimal transportation plan
and drive a “continuous move” approach, organizations
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achieved comprehensive visibility to transportation in motion
and tracked all shipments in transit. This developed a proactive
rather than reactive problem-solving approach.
5. Settlements and Financial Payments
What to do: Capture the actual freight cost of every
shipment, and allocate the cost to the channel, customer, and
product. Develop KPIs for your business. Create a feedback
loop that links results back to strategy and tactics.
Result: By taking a look at actuals to evaluate how
locations and carriers were performing, companies discovered
just how well they had done against contract rates, understand
their costs by channel and customer, and ascertained the level
of compliance they achieved by location and mode. Many also
noted this has led to continuous improvement initiatives and
year-over-year benefits.
Task 1. Answer the questions
1. What key factors help to achieve transportation success?
2. What does abbreviation TMS stand for?
3. What are the principle challenges for any company?
4. What are five keys to transportation optimization
success?
5. What type of costs do best-in-class companies strive to
reduce while maintaining service levels?
6. What should one do to build an optimal transportation
plan?
Task 2. Fill in the gaps
1. When inbound and …… transportation costs are
both considered, they often represent the single
largest cost supply chain teams face.
2. In some markets Same Day and …… delivery
capabilities with varying levels of service are
required.
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