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Файл:TOPICAL ISSUES OF LOGISTICS. Учебное пособие для студентов-магистров направления «Экономика»
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3. Work with partners to establish rates, anticipated
volumes and ….. requirements.
4. Periodically assess the ability to shift modes, and
perform …. and …. aggregation and consolidation.
5. Optimize …. to carry loads on both inbound and
outbound routes.
6. Create a …… that links results back to strategy and
tactics.
Task 3.
Grammar Revision: Find the sentences with string compounds
and translate them into Russian
Supplementary Texts
Text 1. Is there a future for delivery drones
Gartner says almost 3 million personal and commercial
drones will be shipped in 2017, but delivery drones will
comprise less than 1 per cent of the commercial market by
2020.
Production of drones for personal and commercial use is
growing rapidly, with global market revenue expected to
increase 34 per cent to reach more than $6 billion in 2017
and grow to more than $11.2 billion by 2020, according to
a new forecast from Gartner, Inc (see Table 1). Almost
three million drones will be produced in 2017, 39 per cent
more than in 2016 (see Table 2).
While the civil markets (personal and commercial) have
been wading through regulation by various governments,
drones’ popularity in these markets has not diminished.
The overall drone market will see substantial growth, but
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the dynamics of the personal and commercial submarkets
are very different, Gartner analysts said.
Personal drones will continue to increase in popularity as
an affordable extension of consumers’ smartphones for
taking photographs and ‘selfies’ and for other
entertainment options. They can fly a short distance and
time, typically no more than 5,000 metres and for one
hour, with flying height constrained to within 500 meters.
They weigh less than 2 kilograms and are priced less than
$5,000.
The market for commercial drones is much smaller, with a
significantly higher average selling price in comparison to
personal drones. With more countries solidifying their
drone regulations, the market is beginning to stabilise, and
companies are now buying drones to test and deploy in
nearly every industry. Commercial drones normally have a
higher payload, longer flying times, and redundant sensors
and flying controllers to make them safer. They are more
specialised to a function, such as mapping, delivery or
industrial inspection, so prices vary according to these
requirements.
“The commercial and personal drone markets are
increasingly overlapping, as lower-priced personal devices
are being used for commercial ventures,” said Gerald van
Hoy, senior research analyst at Gartner. “Personal drone
vendors are now aggressively trying to position themselves
in the commercial market. Recent technological advances
blur the lines, allowing personal drones to be used in many
special-purpose applications such as surveillance, 3D
mapping and modelling.”
In commercial markets, new case studies are released
regularly, showing savings in both costs and time, as well
as highlighting increased accuracy and quality.
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Agriculture was considered to be the first big commercial
drone market, but pricing and economic dynamics around
tighter yields and returns on investment mean that the
commercial agricultural drone market is not growing at the
pace of other commercial drone markets. Gartner predicts
that through 2020, the high cost sensitivity of the
agriculture market will limit drone adoption to 7 per cent
of commercial market growth.
Industrial inspections have been much more successful,
primarily in oil and gas, energy, infrastructure and
transportation. Regulations do not have as much of an
impact on the market as was originally thought. Most
inspections are close (within three metres) and low, since
they are examining equipment that is near or on the
ground. Gartner expects the inspection segment to
dominate with 30 per cent of the commercial drone market
through 2020.
Delivery drones continue to capture the attention of the
news media but will not be a major factor for several
years. The return on investment has not been proven either
in regard to the cost of the drone, operational costs and a
single customer delivery.
“Delivery drones will be mired in logistical issues like the
time needed to return a drone to its origin point after
delivery, and will amount to less than 1 per cent of the
commercial market by 2020,” said Mr van Hoy. “We
expect that delivery drones will begin finding a niche in
business-to-business applications first, particularly for
internal services within one company where logistics will
not be such a big fac
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Text 2 . Walmart plans to Use Drones and Imaging
to Take Physical Inventories in its DCs
Walmart last week demonstrated for the media new dronebased technology for taking physical inventories in its DCs
that it says could be deployed in the next 6-9 months.
Over the last couple of years, there has been news about
technology vendors looking to use drones to capture
inventory levels, but as far as we can tell always in
conjunction with RFID.
For example, a company called ADASA announced a
system in 2014 in which drones are outfitted with RFID
readers and a number of antennas for retail applications. At
various times, a drone flies about the store, hopefully
reading every product with an RFID tag on the shelves or
hangers, providing a complete snapshot of what products
are where.
More recently, a vendor named vendor called PINC
Solutions has been promoting a drone-based yard
management solution, in which trailers have RFID tags
and the drones an RFID reader, flying around a few times
a day to see if everything is where it's supposed to be,
updating the YMS with any changes from the past trailer
count.
It 2015, PINC also said it was testing a related application
with one retailer for cycle counting DC inventory using
tagged pallets.
The company's web site says it is working with third-party
logistics company Kenco on the use of drones with its
YMS installed at some Kenco sites, but it appears the
conversations are just exploratory at this point.
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Then just a few weeks ago, SCDigest published an article
on the use of drones and RFID to take physical inventories
at the outside warehouse of AGE Steel in the United Arab
Emirates, which started using RFID drones in 2015 to
locate pipes, coils, hot-rolled bars, and plates across a
nearly 1 million square foot storage area.
But the Walmart approach is the first we have seen that
instead combines drones with imaging technology, though
others have had the same idea.
For example, The Fraunhofer Institute for Material Flow
and Logistics in Germany is also been working on the
concept. The Institute calls the project InventAIRy, with a
goal to create "flying inventory assistants" to replace
people in terms of taking inventory inside a distribution
center.
"The autonomous flying robot will soon be capable of
independent navigation and inventory administration," the
Institute says.
Under its concept, the drones then track what specific
inventory is where using either RFID or optical systems.
The Walmart demonstration was at a distribution center in
its headquarters town of Bentonville, AR, as a drone
moved up and down storage aisles, taking 30 images per
second. None of the articles from news sources that were
at the demo, such as the New York Times and Reuters, did
a very good job of explaining how this technology works,
but it appears that Walmart is using video analytics of
some kind to identify what inventory is in what locations
storage locations and it what quantities.
Shekar Natarajan, the vice president of last mile and
emerging science at Walmart, told reporters the drones
could take a complete physical inventory of the building in
just one day, versus a month or so using traditional process
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involve handheld wireless RF terminals and bar code
scanning.
In addition to updating the physical inventory, Walmart said
that data will drive faster replenishment of pick locations that
are out of inventory.
"We are still in early phases of testing and understanding how
drones can be better used in different types of business
functions," Natarajan added. He also said the camera and
technology on top of the drones were custom-built for the
retailer.
The current regulations for drones for outdoor applications,
such as parcel delivery, are daunting, in the US at least, but
those obstacles are much lower for indoor deployment in a
more controlled environment.
Text 3. Fastway NZ claims world-first drone delivery
Fastway Couriers (www.fastway.com.au) has invested in
‘Flirtey’, claimed to be the world’s first commercial aerial
delivery service.
Fastway New Zealand and Flirtey recently successfully trialled
the first drone parcel delivery in Auckland, transporting auto
parts on a 1.9 kilometre trip, bypassing factories and traffic
congested roads below. (To see the journey of the drone,
visit http://bit.ly/1Ny8THO or http://bit.ly/1HwrBQ2).
Chief executive officer at Fastway Couriers Australia Richard
Thame said:
“We’re very impressed by the recent trial untaken by our
counterparts in New Zealand. Drone technology is rapidly
progressing and may present future opportunities for increasing
speed of delivery, particularly in traffic congested areas.”
By road, the same delivery route takes close to 20 minutes to
complete, depending on congestion. During the trial,
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transporting by aerial drone took less than a quarter of the time,
as it was able to travel uninterrupted.
Chief executive officer at Flirtey Matthew Sweeny said:
“This is a significant moment because it is the first
commercial drone delivery over a populated area in New
Zealand. Together with companies like Fastway, we have
an opportunity to offer safe and reliable technology to turn
drone delivery into a reality. As the entire concept and its
technology continues to evolve, the sky is the limit. We’re
pioneering a future where anything a consumer orders can
be delivered directly via an unmanned aerial vehicle.”
The Flirtey delivery drone is constructed from carbon
fibre, aluminium and 3D printed components. It’s a
lightweight, autonomous and electrically driven unmanned
aerial vehicle. It has a range of over 15 km return and can
deliver packages weighing over 2.5 kg. It has built-in
safety features such as low battery return to safe location
and auto-return home in case of low GPS signal or
communication loss.
This marks the beginning of a collaboration, which will
see Fastway and Flirtey expand their use of drone delivery
technology with trials across New Zealand.
“At Fastway Australia, while we don’t think drones will
replace our courier fleet, we’re excited nonetheless about
the prospect of drone technology and we look forward to
seeing what the future holds,” adds Richard Thame.
Text 4. Bar code-scanning Google Glass
GS1 (www.gs1au.org/) has demonstrated the power of bar
code scanning in evolving mobile devices using the widely
speculated Google Glass platform. The Google Glass
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demonstration took place at the Mobile World Congress
event held in Barcelona.
This demonstration, the first of its kind in Europe using
Google Glass, has been developed in collaboration with
the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA)
(www.openmobilealliance.org/) and Icare, the Swiss
Research Institute. When a bar code on product packaging
is scanned using Google Glass, scanners receive trusted
product information such as nutritional content and
recipes, which can then be adapted to personalised
preferences, provide special offers, consumer reviews and
shared with others on social media websites.
GS1, the supply chain standards organisation, manages the
system of product bar codes used by over 1 million
companies on billions of products across the world. GS1
has developed a number of data sharing services to allow
brands and retailers to share accurate information about
their products in the digital world. These services give app
developers and the mobile industry access to the trusted
data they require to make innovations such as Google
Glass a reality for consumers.
“Consumers today are using mobile devices to access
instant product information from various online sources.,
The next generation of bar code scanning is a key driver
for consumers to access this information on demand and a
tool for media owners to engage more effectively with
users. Our demonstration using Google Glass is an
innovative way for retailers, manufacturers and mobile
solution providers to imagine the future and the way we
share information on mobile devices,” said Maria
Palazzolo, CEO at GS1 Australia.
“If we can inspire the mobile ecosystem to see the
possibilities for implementing the specifications we are
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developing, then this will be an exciting proposition for
consumers. We would like one day to see these as library
components on all Android and IOS devices,” continued
Ms Palazzolo.
GS1 and the OMA, a leading mobile standards
organisation, have been collaborating since 2011 to enable
bar code scanning features to be built directly into mobile
devices. The two organisations are building a specification
based on existing standards that mobile device
manufacturers will be able to use later in 2014. This will
make it easier for application developers to integrate
barcode scanning features and link to trusted product
information in their apps.
“GS1 and OMA standards are critical in enabling this
vision of the connected consumer of the future, whose
shopping trip and product usage are augmented with
trusted information and services” said Gary K. Jones,
chairman of the OMA Board. “With our knowledge of the
mobile industry, we have been able to collaborate with
GS1 to develop a specification that will allow innovation
for the mCommerce and mobile advertising industry and
will ultimately benefit consumers through a new
generation of more intuitive applications.”
Text 5. Amazon patents push-shipping
Online retailer Amazon is expected to begin ‘anticipatory
shipping’ in the near future, after successfully taking out a
patent on the concept in December.
The modelis based on Amazon’s significant customer
history data built up over several years, which allows the
company to make a more than educated guess on which
customers were likely to order, for example, a newly
released book or similar item.
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The ‘normal’ online retail model requires Amazon to
receive an order before labelling packages with addresses
at its warehouses and loading them onto trucks, (or, soon,
UAV), which eventually take them to customers’ homes.
According to the patent, Amazon may fill out partial street
addresses or postcodes to get items closer to where
customers need them, and later complete the label in
transit. For multi-unit buildings ‘a package without
addressee information may be speculatively shipped to a
physical address… having a number of tenants’.
Amazon is planning to box and ship products that it
expects customers in a specific area will want, based on
previous orders and other factors it gleans from its
customers’ ordering patterns. Among the factors taken into
account are details of previous orders, product searches,
wish lists, shopping cart contents, returns and other online
shopping practices. According to the patent, the packages
could wait at the shippers’ hubs or on trucks until an order
arrives.
The predictive shipping method might work particularly
well for a popular book or other items that customers want
on the day they are released. Amazon might also suggest
items already in transit to customers using its website.
To minimise the cost of unwanted returns, Amazon said it
might consider giving customers discounts or even make
the delivered item a gift. Delivering the package to the
given customer as a promotional gift may be used to build
goodwill, provided the number of un-ordered items
remains at a manageable level.
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