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Файл:Professional English for Civil Engineers. Educational and methodical manual.pdf
The step of working project preparation includes collecting of all technical information necessary
for construction: drawings, schedules, diagrams, work descriptions. Working project gives thorough
graphical and textual description explaining every detail of future construction: the depth of foundation, the thickness of walls and floors, the design of architectural units, and the specification of construction materials adjusted by careful calculation.
The part of working project which determines the location of heating systems, cold and hot water supply, sewerage, electricity, ventilation is called project of engineering networks installation. It
is a plan showing the placement of all infrastructure facilities, such as pipes, ventilation ducts, wires,
sockets, heating and other equipment.
In parallel to the development of working project, project documentation, including architectural solutions (which represent an extensive set of text and graphic materials regulated by law)
is prepared. The text part of the architectural project contains descriptions of the future house
appearance, its internal layout, justification of artistic, volume-spatial and compositional techniques. In addition, due to modern environmentally friendly and health-conscious approach it
describes solutions that will help to ensure optimal natural lighting, noise protection, etc., as well
as methods of interiors decorative finishing. The graphic part includes a floor plan of a house
made taking into consideration the functionality and dimensions of the premises and the image
of facades.
In order to obtain a construction permit all the above documents should get a governmental approval.
Task 25. Match the following key words from the text to their synonyms.
Word Synonym
1) implementation a) administration, law
2) customer b) decision, answer
3) government c) method, way
4) neighbourhood d) realization, accomplishment
5) solution e) measurement, size
6) description f) surrounding, area
7) dimension g) approval, agreement
8) permit h) client, consumer
9) technique i) illustration, characterization
Task 26. Answer the following questions relying on the text and your own experience.
1. What is the sequence of actions of a person willing to have his own house constructed?
2. What preferences does preliminary project give to a customer? To a project team?
3. Why is it obligatory to have governmental approval of all project documentation?
4. If a customer wants to change anything in the project, when is it less labour-, time- and ener-
gy-consuming? Which step is a last possible point? When are changes impossible?
5. Which is more effective from all possible points of view: to apply to one company for provision of all necessary work or find several experts specializing only in separate particular tasks? Prove
your opinion.
Task 27. Prepare some graphic and textual information to present a project of a house of your
dream.
Task 28. Read the text and find out the information which can convince you to choose/not to choose
the company. Explain your opinion.
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Text 9
Expert Management of Construction Projects (EMCP.pro) –
some facts from a real company
Expert Management of Construction Project provides a comprehensive approach to solving
the most complicated problems in the field of construction, from urban planning analysis of the possibility of the territory development to the commissioning of the object.
For more than eight years the company has been successfully managing various types of construction projects (some of them have even been honoured with a high award in the field of construction)
and responsibly monitors the quality of work. The staff includes only certified and experienced specialists who are ready to consider any application in detail and notify the customer as soon as possible. The team performs any construction task, analyses ready-made projects and helps to refine them
in the field of designing, expertise, technical customer, ensuring fire safety, providing surveys and legal services.
The main tasks of the organisation are as follows:
– to support the customers’ interests to overcome administrative barriers in the process of project
implementation;
– to optimise customer’s time and financial costs by providing systemic integrative approach
to the implementation of all the necessary requirements for any facility.
The core values are closely connected with constant interaction with clients: quick assistance
(every issue is dealt with urgently), attentiveness (understanding that there is no such thing as a onesize-fits-all approach), coverage (work throughout Russia).
More than a hundred successful projects has already been implemented including hotels, malls,
business centers, residential houses and apartments, garage complexes, warehouses.
http://emcp.pro/ [5]
Task 29. Explain the meaning of the following key words from the text: building, structure, facility, infrastructure, project, design, documentation, survey.
Task 30. Look at the photos of the company’s website. (Fig. 1). Translate the mottoes, give your
opinion about them. Suggest your own version of a motto to attract customers’ attention.
Fig. 1. The photos of the company’s website
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Task 31. Prepare a poster/a presentation/a page for a web-site with an advertisement of any real or
imaginary Designing company. Share your project with your classmates. Discuss the projects by identifying their strengths and weaknesses.
2.2. Designing buildings and structures in computer-aided design (CAD) systems
Task 32. Read the text and fill in the table, indicating advantages and disadvantages of CAD taken
from the text and your own experience.
Advantages Disadvantages
Text 10
Computer-aided software
The computer industry current rapid development has greatly contributed to significant progress
in all sorts of industries, and the construction sphere is no exception. For already several decades computers have supported designers worldwide, having changed both the process and the result of designing. The up-to-date computer systems are a basic tool in any engineering project starting from calculations and diving into complex graphic design. There is a number of computer-aided design programmes
specifically worked out for the construction market. So far, the most popular has been CAD, i.e. Computer-Aided Design, which has supported the industry designers for years. It is already present in every
architectural bureau and nobody can imagine creating design documentation without it today. It played
and still plays the same role as a drawing board and a technical pen did in the past, and it was so inspiring to move from a tracing paper to a computer drawing using the same tools as a line, point, plane. Basic CAD systems mostly use geometric data based on the processing of points, straight and curve lines,
which can be grouped into blocks, layers and tables. The functions available include creating objects, supporting dimensioning, precision drawing, scaling of a drawing, part outlining and hatching. The way objects are drawn in the programme totally repeats the one they are drawn on sheets of paper, but there is no
limitation in terms of scale. CAD technology moved towards creating of numerous various projects, possibility to organize group work and the exchange drafts. It offers designers total control over visual representations of their projects that allows them to get a different perspective with the simple movement of a
mouse rather than having to create a whole new drawing by hand. CAD also helps professionals reuse
designs as needed, for example, duplicate similar components from initial designs and correct them a bit
without the necessity of creation a new physical model. Another important benefit of CAD is easy sharing of drawings between teams; just as cloud-based resource management software makes allocations accessible from anywhere, CAD lets key specialists access to designs regardless of location.
Nevertheless, a CAD drawing is not free from potential errors. Both the old-style tracing paper
drawings and modern computer ones are based on lines and planes. Although they represent a whole
building, it still remains only a collection of single lines in the form and shape of the designed structure. Not only previous projects created on a single plane caused collisions in the drawing (which
in most cases can be discovered only at the construction stage), but also 2D and 3D CAD drawings
still provide errors in documentation (especially with recording changes and corrections), which require necessary intervention during construction, additional investment cost and increase in time
for project implementation. Unfortunately, drawings created as part of a project are not compatible
with each other and even in the case of minor changes can cause a lot of problems to designers. For
example, moving a structural wall a few centimetres further requires many hours of adjusting a significant part of a project. What is more, many elements of a drawing can fall apart.
Of course, better solutions and technologies are constantly emerging and greatly improve performance, reduce errors and make changes easier, but they are usually based on completely different design parameters that have nothing to do with traditional design, and this is one more challenge
for software developers all over the world.
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Task 33. Match the following words from the text to the pictures.
Word Picture
1) tool A.
2) point B.
3) straight line C.
4) curved line D.
5) plane E.
6) dimensioning F.
7) scaling G.
8) outlining H.
9) hatching I.
10) drawing, draft J.
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Task 34. Complete the sentences by matching the left-hand part to the right-hand one. Translate
the sentences.
1. Computers support designers worldwide
2. The most popular software is CAD
3. The up-to-date computer systems are c) having changed both the process and the result of designing.
4. It was so inspiring to move from a tracing
paper
5. Although they represent a whole building f) that have nothing to do with traditional design.
6. 2D and 3D CAD drawings still provide
errors in documentation
7. A number of modern attempts to improve
CAD technology is based on completely different design parameters
a) to a computer drawing using the same tools as a line, point,
plane.
b) it still remains only a collection of single lines in the form
and shape of the designed structure.
d) a basic tool in any engineering project starting from calculations and diving into complex graphic design.
g) i.e. Computer-Aided Design.
h) which require necessary intervention during construction, additional investment cost and increase in time for project implementation.
Task 35. Answer the following questions using information from the text and your own experience.
1. What is the main difference between the way objects are drawn in the computer programme
and on sheets of paper?
2. What does CAD technology offer design engineers?
3. Why can CAD be compared to cloud-based technologies? What are the similarities and differ-
ences?
4. Why do even minor changes in the project cause a lot of problems to designers?
5. What is the great challenge for software developers all over the world at present??
Task 36. Make a drawing whether by hand or using any computer tool and describe it.
Task 37. Read the text, make a list of Eurosoft’s products and outline the most important infor-
mation about them.
Text 11
Russian software developer – Eurosoft LLC
Eurosoft LLC is a Russian research and production company founded in 1992. Its main activities include development and implementation of software for computer-aided design of buildings
and structures. Its products are repeatedly certified by Gosstroy, recommended for use in development and expertise of construction projects and widely used in design and construction, expert, educational and research organizations in Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Turkey, Israel, Germany and other
countries. Thousands of successful projects of buildings and structures have been designed and built
using the developed technologies.
The development team consists of experienced design engineers, PHDs in technical sciences
and young specialists – graduates from the best Moscow technical universities.
The high quality of products and services of Eurosoft LLC, confirmed by many years practice, has
ensured the company one of the leading positions among domestic manufacturers of software crea ted
for mass use in architectural and construction design.
The most well-known products include LIRA family systems, MONOMAH and Electronic Engineer’s Guide.
LIRA-SAPR represents a universal software package for calculation and design of strength
and stability of buildings and machine-building structures. It has a modern intuitive interface,
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which significantly accelerates and simplifies the development of calculation schemes and analyses of results.
LIRA subsidiary is SAPFIR (System for Architectural Design, Formation and Calculations),
which can be used as an independent architectural programme and as a preprocessor for fast and convenient formation of calculation schemes. SAPFIR programme complex consists of three systems:
– SAPFIR-architecture used for three-dimensional parametric architectural design;
– SAPFIR-structures applied for transformation of architectural model into analytical one
and preparation of calculation schemes for future analyses;
– SAPFIR-reinforced concrete slabs is indispensable for automated strengthening of reinforced
concrete slabs with obtaining working drawings and specifications.
MONOMAH-SAPR is a software package for calculation and design of reinforced concrete, masonry and reinforced stone structures. It was developed for automated calculation and design of multi-storey buildings and structures taking into account phased erection. It consists of a set of information-related structurally oriented programmes. Working in the environment of PC MONOMAH
CAD the user operates with generally accepted terms: column, beam, slab, hole, shape of the applied load stamp, etc. In automatic mode, working drawings or sketches of working drawings are
made and can then be edited in AutoCAD as soon as export of dxf-files is implemented. On the basis of MONOMAH it is possible to carry out multivariate designing with a choice of the most ratio nal
variant and reception of documentation at the project stage in a short time, as soon as the labour intensity of obtaining drawings is reduced several times.
Electronic Engineer’s Guide is a package of auxiliary programmes for design engineers. The
guide represents an opportunity to perform computer calculations of many minor private tasks that
arise in the process of design, engineering and research work and that usually do not fit into the structure of large software complexes, such as LIRA and MONOMAH. The need to solve such tasks arises both in the development of a design model of a structure and in the analyses of results of calculation of the integral model, both in the expert evaluation of projects, and in the technical supervision
of the construction process, as well as in many other situations occurring in the development of the
performance of structures, in design and construction. So, Electronic Engineer’s Guide assists engineers and researchers in their daily work and provides them with support in making the best design
decision. Currently it contains more than seventy programmes; some of them are grouped into sections, the others are presented separately.
In conclusion, in the Eurosoft LLC product line every design engineer will find a programme that
will help him to work efficiently, productively and with pleasure.
https://www.eurosoft.ru/ [6]
Task 38. Agree or disagree and correct using information from the text and your own experience.
1. Eurosoft LLC occupies one of the leading positions among domestic manufacturers of software
created for mass use in construction design.
2. Files with different extension can be exported from MONOMAH to AutoCAD.
3. Electronic Engineer’s Guide is developed to solve global large-scale tasks where even large soft-
ware complexes, such as LIRA and MONOMAH, cannot cope.
4. SAPFIR subsidiary is LIRA, which can be used as an independent programme and as a pre-
processor for fast and convenient formation of calculation schemes.
5. SAPFIR programme complex consists of three different systems applied for particular architec-
tural, structural and reinforcement tasks.
6. MONOMAH was developed for automated calculation and design of multi-storey buildings
and structures with much attention to phased erection.
7. All software products should be regularly certified by Gosstroy, the organization that can re-
commend them for use in various organizations.
Task 39. Study the designs made in LIRA, describe them, using as many details as possible (Fig. 2).
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Fig. 2. The designs made in LIRA
Task 40. Prepare a story/presentation about any foreign or domestic CAD software (existing or
imaginary). Try to persuade the group to use it.
Task 41. Case-study “Software fair”. Students present their CAD software, after every presentation the group discusses whether it is worth using or not.
Task 42. Self-assessment crossword. Guess the words (nouns) according to the explanation given
to them, write them down, and you will get the new word combined from the first letters of the written words (start writing in the first line with numbers).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1. A measurable extent of a particular kind, such as length, depth, height.
2. A rough calculation of the value, number, quantity or extent of something.
3. The relation between the real size of something and its size on a draft, map, model or diagram.
4. An underlying system of communications (water, electricity, gas supply, etc.) needed for thor-
ough operation of a building or structure.
5. A group of people with the authority to rule a country.
6. A district or community within a city; synonym: surrounding,
7. A process of putting a decision or plan into effect; synonyms: execution, realization.
8. An arrangement of intersecting horizontal and vertical lines; a group or system of interconnec-
ted people or things.
9. An aid (a book) that gives the most important information about a particular subject.
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3. BUILDING SERVICES
Task 43. Read the text to learn about different types of building services.
Text 12
Building services are an umbrella term for all the systems and components that ensure that
the building is safe, functional and efficient. They are typically categorized into six following types:
1. Mechanical services:
– Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC);
– plumbing and drainage (water supply systems, drainage and sewage systems, rainwater
harvesting, fire suppression (sprinklers, hydrants);
– lifts and escalators.
2. Structural services:
– structural design and analysis (load-bearing structures, beams, columns, slabs);
– foundation engineering (shallow and deep foundations, soil stabilization);
– seismic and wind resistance (earthquake-resistant structures, wind bracing);
– retrofitting and rehabilitation (strengthening old buildings, crack repair).
3. Electrical services:
– power supply and distribution;
– lighting systems;
– fire detection and alarm systems;
– security and access control (CCTV surveillance, biometric and card access systems, Intruder
alarm systems);
– telecommunications and IT networks (data cabling and Wi-Fi networks, Public Address (PA)
systems, intercom and voice communication systems).
4. Public health engineering:
– sanitation and waste management;
– water treatment systems.
5. Fire protection services.
6. Environmental and sustainability services.
(Abridged from F. Hall, R. Greeno, Building Services Handbook [7])
Task 44. Match the terms from Column A to their synonyms or related terms in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. HVAC a) structural integrity
2. Drainage and sewage systems b) thermal comfort
3. Soil stabilization c) plumbing
4. Fire suppression d) earthquake resistance
5. Biometric systems e) re sprinklers
6. Load-bearing structures f) wastewater treatment
7. Wind bracing g) structural design
8. Retrotting h) moisture control
9. Foundation engineering i) foundation design
10. Seismic resistance j) structural retrotting
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Task 45. Fill in the blanks with the correct technical terms from the list of vocabulary provided:
Vocabulary: retrofitting, load-bearing, seismic resistance, drainage, biometric, fire sprinklers,
H VAC.
1. The system used to remove waste and sewage from a building is called _______________ .
2. A _______________ system involves managing the flow and quality of water supplied for con-
sumption and use.
3. To ensure buildings are able to withstand forces during an earthquake, _____________ are used.
4. _______________ technologies involve automatic and biometric methods for securing access
to restricted areas.
5. The act of strengthening of an existing building structure is called _______________ .
6. The pur pose of _______________ is to detect fire hazards and alert of possible danger.
Task 46. Match terms from Column A to their definitions from Column B:
Column A Column B
1. HVAC
2. Telecommunication networks
3. Fire detection systems
4. Rainwater harvesting
5. Seismic resistance
6. Soil stabilization
a) the process of designing and analysing building
structures to bear loads
b) a system used to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures and air quality
c) the technology and networks used for communication, like data cabling
d) a method of collecting and utilizing rainwater
for various purposes
e) a system that detects the presence of re and alerts
individuals
f) a combined set of techniques to raise the stability
of weak soils for engineering purposes
Task 47. Make up your own sentences using words and word combinations below.
1. Seismic-resistant.
2. Plumbing.
3. Load-bearing.
4. Fire suppression.
5. Biometric access control.
Task 48. State whether the following sentences are true or false. Prove your opinion.
1. The HVAC systems are exclusively designed to cool and heat a building.
2. The building foundation is shallow or deep depending on the ground it is constructed over.
3. Retrofits and rehabilitation are strictly limited to new buildings.
4. Wind resistance plays no major role when designing earthquake-resistant buildings.
5. Wastewater treatment falls under public health engineering to supply safe and clean water net-
works.
6. The biggest problem with rainwater harvesting is storage space.
Task 49. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the main function of HVAC systems in building’s mechanical services?
2. In what way does seismic resistance affect high-rise building construction?
3. How do fire detection and alarm systems protect buildings?
4. Describe the role of telecommunications and IT networks in modern building infrastructure.
5. What is the significance of retrofitting and rehabilitation in extending old buildings’ life?
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Text 13
Task 50. Read the text to learn about different types of buildings and services used in them.
Depending on the type of building and its purpose, complexity and functionality, different build-
ing services may be essential to keep it up to code.
Some building services, such as Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) (HVAC, climate
control, power distribution, plumbing); fire safety engineering (fire alarm systems, sprinkler systems,
fire-resistant materials, evacuation plans); structural engineering (construction of load-bearing walls,
columns, and foundations) are commonly required in all types of buildings, however, here are some
that are more characteristic of specific types.
1. Commercial buildings (offices, retail, etc.):
– building automation and controls: for controlling energy, lighting, and temperature through
smart systems;
– acoustic engineering: management of noise control and soundproof ing, specifically for conference
rooms or open offices.
2. Industrial buildings (factories, warehouses, etc.):
– mechanical engineering: includes designing special equipment for manufacturing processes,
ventilation, and cooling;
– electrical engineering: for electrical power requirements for industrial equipment, automation,
and lighting;
– environmental engineering: waste disposal facilities, water treatment, and air quality
management.
3. Healthcare buildings (hospitals, clinics, etc.):
– biomedical engineering: room special design like operating rooms, imaging rooms, and patient
monitoring systems;
– acoustic engineering: noise control in patient room and medical equipment.
4. Hospitality buildings (hotels, resorts, etc.):
– Building Automation Systems (BAS): intelligent lighting, temperature control, and energy
management for guest comfort and cost benefits;
– acoustic engineering: noise control from public areas to rooms for comfort and privacy.
5. Public buildings (government offices, libraries, museums, etc.):
– accessibility engineering: compliance with acts such as the Americans with Disabilities
Act (ADA) for easy access by all visitors.
6. High-rise buildings (skyscrapers):
– elevator engineering: for smooth vertical movement, including quick and smart elevators;
– energy efficiency engineering: for reducing operating expenses, with equipment such as solar
panels, high-efficiency lighting, and intelligent control systems.
7. Transport buildings (train stations, airports, etc.):
– civil engineering: involves designing other infrastructure like car parking spaces, airports,
and transport systems;
– security engineering: deals with surveillance, emergency response systems, and access control
systems;
– acoustic Engineering: control of noise in areas that have immense human f low and motor
functioning noise.
(Abridged from F. Hall, R. Greeno, Building Services Handbook [7])
Task 51. Choose the correct answer to each question.
1. What is the most critical building service for high-rise buildings?
a) Acoustic Engineering;
b) Elevator Engineering;
c) Accessibility Engineering;
d) Fire Safety Engineering.
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