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Файл:Culture of Business English. Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов направлений подготовки 100400.62 Туризм, 080400.62 Управление персоналом, 08050
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Ex. 6 Put the verb in brackets into the correct form for each
blank:
1. Ramazan (called Ramadan in other Muslim countries) …
the holy month (to be).
2. This … the most important religious and secular holiday
of the year (to be).
3. Resorts and transportation will … booked solid (to be).
4. It … impolite for non-believers to eat, drink, or even smoke
in the presence of those who … fasting; it … important that you be
discreet (to be/to be/to be).
5. English … commonly understood as well as German and
French (to be).
Ex. 7 Choose 3–4 sentences in the text and transfer them into
sentences of your own in Future Simple according to the pattern:
Ex.: Sheker Bayram is the three day festival at the end
of the Ramazan irritability – Sheker Bayram will be
tival at the end of the Ramazan irritability.
the three day fes-
Public Behavior
Part 2
Shake hands firmly when greeting or being introduced
to a Turkish man. It is not customary to shake hands again upon departure.
Turks may greet a close friend of either sex with a two-handed
handshake and/or a kiss on both cheeks.
Elders are respected in Turkey. For example, if you are
seated, rise to greet them when they enter a room. When being
introduced to a group of men shake hands with each one starting
with the eldest.
The traditional Turkish greetings are «Merhaba» (MERHhah-bah; «Hello») and «Nasilsiniz?» (NAHS-sulh-suh-nuhz; «How
are you?») The response to the latter is «elyiyim teshekur ederim»
(ee-YEE-yihm, tesh-ek-KEWR eh-dehr-eem; «I'm fine, thank you!»).
Turks will appreciate any effort you make to speak their language.
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Tobacco is everywhere in Turkey. No-smoking areas are virtually non-existent. If you are allergic to tobacco smoke, you will be
in for a difficult time.
Keep both feet flat on the ground when sitting. Displaying the
soles of your shoes or feet to someone is insulting. It is impolite for
women to cross their legs while facing another person.
It is rude to cross your arms while facing someone. Keep your
hands out of your pockets. Avoid blowing your nose in public especially in a restaurant. If you must, turn away from the others and blow
as quietly as possible. Do not kiss, hug, or even hold hands with
someone of the opposite sex in public.
While Turks indicate «yes» by nodding their heads up and down,
the gestures for «no» are different. Two ways to indicate «no» include:
raising the eyebrows in a subtle way (this arch look may be accompanied by the sound «tsk»), and the same eyebrow-arching with a backward tilting of the head and lowering of the eyelids.
The accepted western gesture for «no» (wagging the head
from side to side) is the Turkish gesture for «I don't understand».
If you inadvertently make this gesture in response to a question,
a Turk will probably assume that you did not understand the language and will ask the question in another tongue.
The Turks approximate length by extending one arm and placing the flat of the other hand on the arm; the length indicated
is measured from the fingertips of the extended arm up to the side
of the hand.
To attract attention Turks wave (palm out) with an up-anddown motion rather than from side to side.
The Turkish «follow me» gesture is done with the entire curled
hand moving in a downward «scooping» motion rather than by curling an upraised index finger. It is considered rude to point your finger
directly at someone.
Turkey: Public Behaviour [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа:
http://ww.executiveplanet.com/index.php?title=Turkey:_Public_Behaviour
**********************************
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Ex. 8 Write an appropriate answer for each question:
1. What way should you shake your
hands when greeting or being introduced to a Turkish man?
2. How do the Turks usually greet
a person?
3. What should you do when to
attract a Turkish person?
4. Are elders respected in Turkey? D. ______________________
A. ______________________
B. ______________________
C. ______________________
5. What is the best policy for
a businessman?
Ex. 9 Write an appropriate question for each answer:
1. ______________________ A. The traditional Turkish greetings
2. ______________________ B. Tobacco is everywhere in Tur-
3. ______________________ C. Do not kiss, hug, or even hold
4. ______________________ D. The accepted western gesture
5. ______________________ E. To attract attention Turks wave
E. ______________________
are «Merhaba» (MERH-hah-bah;
«Hello») and «Nasilsiniz?»
key. No-smoking areas are virtually
non-existent.
hands with someone of the opposite sex in public.
for «no» (wagging the head from
side to side) is the Turkish gesture
for «I don't understand».
(palm out) with an up-and-down
motion rather than from side to
side.
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Ex. 10 Speak about the traits and habits of Turks and compare them with others. Fill in the table:
Italy Japan China France
Introduction
Time
Meeting
Greeting
Gesture
…
Ex. 11 You are from Japan. Your partner is from Turkey. You
don’t know each other. Make friends. Exchange business cards.
Make an appointment on the 3
respect and conservatism and show it through your own dialogue.
Ex. 12 Compare the characteristics of the Spanish
d
of August, at 11 a.m. Demonstrate
and the
Turks. Whom would you prefer to deal with? Why?
64
UNIT IX
TH E UN I T ED S T ATE S
OF AME R I CA
Questions for discussion:
1. What country have YOU
visited recently?
2. Are there anything that im-
pressed YOU much?
3. What do meetings start
with?
Making appointments
Facts about The USA:
* Washington, D.C. is the Capital and
the largest city is New York City;
* The official language is American
English;
* The area is about 9,826,675 km2;
* The population is about 317,859,000;
* The Government is Federal presidential
constitutional republic;
* The President is Baraсk Obama.
Part 1
Prior appointments are necessary. People in the United States
write the month first, then the day, and then the year (i.e., December 5,
2006 is written 12/5/06). Generally, the working week is Monday
through Friday, 8:30 or 9:00 to 17:00 or 18:00. Many people, however, work overtime.
65
Punctuality is very important for business occasions. In many
U.S. cities, traffic can cause considerable delays, so be sure to allow
enough driving time for your appointment. If you know that you will
be late, call to let your contact know.
If you are invited for a meal, you should arrive promptly. When
invited to a cocktail party, it's usually permissible to arrive a few minutes late. On these occasions, you do not need to call ahead, even
if you are 30 minutes late.
It is a good idea to practice driving before getting on the freeways, particularly during work hours. Driving can be an intense challenge, especially for a visitor. Practically all Americans drive their
own car.
Smoking is not commonplace and is subject to restrictions
in most public places. Before
smoking, the best policy is to ask if
anyone minds, or wait to see if
others smoke. Restaurants often
have a section where smoking is
permitted. Many hotels designate
rooms as smoking and non-smoking. Certain states, like California,
now have laws against smoking in public places such as restaurants
and bars.
A handshake is the customary greeting for both men and
women. Americans tend to refrain from greetings that involve hugging and other close physical contact, except with family members
and friends. For the most part, they are unreceptive to being touched
during conversation and other social situations. The standard space
between you and your conversation partner should be about two
feet. Most U.S. executives will be uncomfortable standing at a closer
distance. Direct eye contact conveys that you are sincere, although
it should not be too intense. Certain ethnic groups may look away
to show respect. To point, you may use the index finger, although it's
impolite to point at another person. To beckon someone, wave either
all the fingers or just the index finger in a scooping motion, with the
palm facing up. To show approval, there are two common gestures:
66
the «O.K.» sign, formed by making a circle of the thumb and index
finger, and the «thumbs up» sign, formed by making a fist and pointing the thumb upward. The backslap is sometimes used as a sign
of friendship, camaraderie. To wave goodbye, move your entire
hand, with the palm facing outward.
When sitting U.S. citizens often look very relaxed. They may
sometimes sit with the ankle of one leg on their knee or prop their
feet up on chairs or desks. In formal business situations, however,
you're advised to maintain good posture and a less casual pose.
Crossing legs knee over knee is not considered arrogant, as in other
cultures. In the U.S. this position is common and considered professional.
When giving an item to another person, it's common to toss
it or hand it over with only one hand.
United States: Appointment Alert [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа:
http://ww.executiveplanet.com/index.php?title=United_States: _Appointment_
Alert%21
United Sta tes: Public Behaviour – part 1 [Элек тронный ре су рс]. –
Режим дос тупа: http://ww.executiveplanet.com/index.php?title=United_States:
_Public_ Behaviour
United States: Public Behaviour – part 2 [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим
доступа: http://ww.executiveplanet.com/index.php?title=United_States: _Public_
Behaviour
**********************************
Ex. 1 Study A and find the transcriptions of the following words
and proper names in B. Translate the words:
A. prior, overtime, United States, cause, permissible, freeways, California, designate, Americans, unreceptive, handshake,
hugging, beckon, scooping, palm, facing, approval, camaraderie,
citizens, ankle, arrogant, toss.
B. [’praɪər], [pər’mɪsəbəl], [‘fri:weɪz], [’dezɪg‚neɪt], [ə’merɪkənz],
[ʌnri’septiv], [‘hændʃeɪk], [ju:’naɪtɪd steɪts], [ˈbekən], [sku:pɪŋ], [‘hʌgɪŋ],
[pɑ:m], [‚əʋvər’taɪm], [kɔ:z], [feɪsɪŋ], [‚kælə’fɔ:rnɪə], [ə’pru:vəl],
[‚kæmə’rædərɪ], [‘sɪtəzənz], [‘æŋkəl], [‘ærəgənt], [ tɔ:s].
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Ex. 2 Study word-combinations and translate them:
Prior appointments, work overtime, cause considerable delays, time for your appointment, arrive promptly, call ahead, getting
on the freeways, intense challenge, to refrain from greetings, use the
index finger, to point at another person, in a scooping motion, a sign
of friendship, camaraderie, advised to maintain good posture, hand
it over with only one hand.
Ex. 3 Study the sentences and translate them:
1. If you know that you will be late, call to let your contact know.
2. If you are invited for a meal, you should arrive promptly.
3. When invited to a cocktail party, it's usually permissible
to arrive a few minutes late.
4. Americans tend to refrain from greetings that involve hugging and other close physical contact, except with family members
and friends.
5. To show approval, there are two common gestures: the
«O.K.» sign, formed by making a circle of the thumb and index finger, and the «thumbs up» sign, formed by making a fist and pointing
the thumb upward.
Ex. 4 Complete the sentences with the proper prepositions:
1. … many U.S. cities, traffic can cause considerable delays,
so be sure to allow enough driving time … your appointment.
2. Punctuality is very important … business occasions.
3. It is a good idea to practice driving … getting … the freeways, particularly … work hours.
4. … the most part, they are unreceptive to being touched …
conversation and other social situations.
5. When giving an item … another person, it's common
to toss it or hand it … … only one hand.
Ex. 5 Complete the sentences with a word or a phrase:
1. Driving can be an intense …, especially for a … .
2. A … is the customary … for both men and … .
3. Certain … groups may look … to … respect.
4. Most … executives will be … standing at a … distance.
5. … legs … over knee is not considered …, as in other
cultures.
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Ex. 6 Put the verb in brackets into the correct form for each
blank:
1. When … to a cocktail party, it … usually permissible to ar-
rive a few minutes late (to invite/ to be).
2. Practically all Americans … their own car (to drive).
3. Direct eye contact … that you … sincere, although it should
not … too intense (to convey/ to be/ to be).
4. To show approval, there … two common gestures (to be).
5. You may … the index finger, although it … impolite to point
at another person (to use/ to be).
Ex. 7 Choose 3–4 sentences in the text and transfer them into
sentences of your own in Past Simple according to the pattern:
Ex.: Direct eye contact conveys that you are sincere, although
it should not be too intense – Direct eye contact conveyed that you
were sincere, although it should not be too intense.
Let's Make a Deal!
Part 2
This culture stresses individual initiative and achievement.
Moreover, Americans can be competitive in both work and leisure.
The concept «time is money» is taken seriously in U.S. business culture. Businesspeople are used to making up their minds quickly and
decisively. They value information that is straightforward and to the
point. In the U.S.A., money is a key priority and an issue that will be
used to win most arguments. Status, protocol, and national honour
play a smaller role. Similarly, «saving face» and other social niceties
and formalities that are vitally important to other cultures are not as
important in the United States.
American businesspeople are opportunistic and willing to take
chances. Opportunism and risk taking often result in Americans going
for the biggest possible slice of the business, 100% if possible. Americans tend to dislike periods of silence during negotiations and in conversations, in general. They may continue to speak simply to avoid
silence. In general, people from the U.S. will not hesitate to answer
69
«no». Businesspeople are direct and will not hesitate to disagree with
you. This communication style often causes embarrassment to business travelers who are unaccustomed to dealing with Americans
or direct communication in general. Persistence is another characteristic you will frequently encounter in American businesspeople; there is
a prevailing belief that there is always a solution. Moreover, they will
explore all options when negotiations are at an impasse. Anxiety often
develops over deadlines and results. The work ethic is so strong, that
it appears that Americans' lives revolve around work. Consistency
is common among American businesspeople: when they agree
to a deal, they rarely change their minds. Americans tend to be future
oriented. Therefore, innovation often takes precedence over tradition.
The United States tends to be an ethnocentric culture, so it is closed
to a lot of «outside» information. Thinking tends to be analytical, concepts are abstracted quickly, and the «universal» rule is preferred.
There are established rules for almost everything, and experts are relied upon at all levels. Be aware that the United States is the most litigious society in the world. There are lawyers who specialize in practically every industry and segment of society.
In a meeting, the participants will proceed with business usually after some brief, preliminary «small talk» about topics unrelated
to the business at hand. This is generally practiced to ease tensions
and create a comfortable environment before entering into business
matters. Topics may range from sports, weather, or other smaller
business topics. Personal matters should not be discussed during
this time, or any time in the negotiation. Usually, business is conducted at an extremely fast pace. Regardless of the negotiator, company policy is always followed. Though they are risk-takers, American businesspeople will also have a financial plan which must be
followed. Americans regard negotiating as problem solving through
«give and take» based on respective strengths. Therefore, they will
often emphasize their financial strength and/or position of power.
In negotiations, points are made by the accumulation of objective facts. This evidence is sometimes biased by faith in the ideologies of democracy, capitalism, and consumerism. The subjective
feelings of the participants are not as much of a factor. Therefore,
they will not spend much time seeking consensus.
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