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Файл:Culture of Business English. Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов направлений подготовки 100400.62 Туризм, 080400.62 Управление персоналом, 08050
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2. Rubbing the chin with the fingertips, and then propelling
them forward is a gesture of ... .
a) liking
b) contempt
c) admiration
3. Contorting the fingers and hand to resemble the devil's
horns pointed outward is an ... gesture.
a) obscene
b) gentle
c) common
4. Pointing with the index and little finger is a gesture used
only when wishing someone ... .
a) good health
b) fortune
c) bad luck
5. Slapping one's raised arm above the elbow and thumbing
the nose are both considered ... .
Ex. 11 You are from Italy. Your partner is from Germany. You
don’t know each other. Make friends. Exchange business cards.
Make an appointment on the 3
respect and conservatism and show it through your own dialogue.
Ex. 12 Compare the characteristics of the Italians and the
Germans. Whom would you prefer to deal with? Why?
d
of May, at 10 a.m. Demonstrate
41
UNIT VI
J A P A N
Facts about Japan:
* Tokyo is the Capital and the largest city;
* The official language is Japanese;
* The area is about 377,944 km2;
* The population is about 126,659,683;
* The Government is Unitary parliamentary
constitutional monarchy;
Questions for discussion:
1. Is it important to have business
cards? What language should YOU use on it?
2. What is the purpose of the initial
meeting?
3. How should YOU behave during
exams, negotiations or a lesson?
4. What do YOU usually apologize
for?
Making appointments
* The Emperor of Japan is Akihito.
Part 1
If you want to make an appointment, but have connections,
a personal call will be more effective than sending a letter. Moreover,
a letter requesting an appointment might go unanswered.
Punctuality is necessary when doing business here; the Japanese believe it is rude to be late.
42
In Japanese business culture the working week consists
of 48 hours, with no overtime pay, completed in five and a half days.
Larger firms have initiated a five-day week.
Generally, office hours are 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 or 5:30 p.m.
Many people work lo five-day week longer hours.
During holidays banks and offices close, and stores remain
open.
During three weeks of the year (New Year's holiday, from December 28 to January 3; Golden Week, from April 29 to May 5 and
mid-August) many Japanese visit the graves of their ancestors.
Avoid scheduling appointments, business trips during these periods.
Japan: Appointment Alert [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа:
http://ww.executiveplanet.com/index.php?title=Japan:_Appointment_Alert%21
**********************************
Ex. 1 Study A and find the transcriptions of the following words
and proper names in B. Translate the words:
A. connections, personal, request, moreover, unanswered, believe, rude, consist, initiated, five-day week, during, five-day, overtime, completed, remain, week, ancestor, business trips, Golden
Week, late.
B. [ˈp3ːsnl], [bɪˈliːv], [kəˈnekʃnz], [rɪˈkwest], [mɔːrˈəʊvə(r)], [ʌnˈɑːnsəd],
[ruːd], [kənˈsɪst], [ɪˈnɪʃɪeɪt], [faɪv], [ˈdjʊərɪŋ], [ˈəʊvətaɪm], [kəmˈpliːt], [rɪˈmeɪn],
[wiːk], [ˈænsestər], [ˈɡəʊldən].
Ex. 2 Study word-combinations and translate them:
Make an appointment, have connections, be more effective,
letter requesting an appointment, doing business, punctuality is necessary, business culture, the working week, no overtime pay, completed in five, initiated a five-day week, three weeks of the year,
sit the graves of their ancestors.
Ex. 3 Study the sentences and translate them:
1. If you want to make an appointment, but have connections,
a personal call will be more effective than sending a letter.
2. A letter requesting an appointment might go unanswered.
3. Larger firms have initiated a five-day week.
43
4. Generally, office hours are 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 or 5:30 p.m.
5. Golden Week, from April 29 to May 5 and mid-August)
many Japanese visit the graves of their ancestors.
Ex. 4 Complete the sentences with the proper prepositions:
1. The Japanese frowned ... touching in public between males
and females.
2. This gesture can help a businessperson in establishing rap-
port ... a potential Japanese client.
3. The Japanese apologize ... not being punctual enough.
4. Negotiations generally have an atmosphere ... grave seri-
ousness.
5. The Japanese will commit themselves ... an oral agreement.
Ex. 5 Complete the sentences with a word or a phrase:
1. If you want to make an appointment, a personal call will be
more effective than ... .
2. The Japanese believe it is rude to ... .
3. Office hours are ... .
4. You should avoid scheduling appointments, business trips
during ... .
5. In Japanese business culture the working week …
of 48 hours.
Ex. 6 Put the verb in brackets into the correct form for each
blank:
1. If you … to make an appointment, but have connections,
a personal call … more effective (want/ to be).
2. Punctuality … necessary when doing business here (to be).
3. Many people … lo five-day week longer hours (to work).
4. Larger firms … initiated a five-day week (to have).
5. Office hours … 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 or 5:30 p.m. (to be).
Ex. 7 Choose 3–4 sentences in the text and transfer them
into sentences of your own using the modal verbs according to the
pattern:
Ex.: Punctuality is necessary when doing business – Punctual-
ity should
44
be necessary when doing business.
Public Behavior
Part 2
Maintain a quiet, low-key, and polite manner at all times.
A bow, «ojigi» (oh-jee-ghee), can be a way of greeting someone, acknowledging a person, expressing thanks, saying «I'm sorry»
or even asking for a favour.
The Japanese will shake hands with Westerners as a way
of making them feel comfortable. On their part, it's an asset for foreign businessmen to bow, to demonstrate that they are taking the
initiative to learn Japanese customs. This simple gesture can do a lot
to help a businessperson in establishing rapport with a potential
Japanese client.
The depth of the bow depends on the recipient's rank, status.
When bowing to an individual who is of higher status than you, bow
a little lower than that person to display deference. Do the same
if you are uncertain of the status of the person that you are facing.
With a person of your equivalent status, bow at the same height.
The bow is an important part of Japanese business protocol.
Bows are used for expressing appreciation, making apologies and
requests as well as for greetings and farewells. Bows convey both
respect and humility.
Meanings will be read into even the slightest gestures. Consequently, avoid displaying unusual facial expressions and motioning
in ways that are remotely dramatic or expansive.
The American «O.K.» sign (thumb and forefinger shaped into
an «O») actually means «mory» in Japan.
Instead of pointing, which is considered rude, wave your hand
with the palm facing up.
To indicate a negative response in informal situations move
the open hand, with the palm facing left, in a fanning motion.
It is no longer acceptable in Japan to spit, snort, and sniff
in public – although lower class men may do so.
Blowing one's nose in public is also regarded as impolite.
When this action is necessary, use a disposable tissue and then
throw it away immediately. Generally speaking, the Japanese find
the idea of actually keeping a used handkerchief or tissue disgusting.
45
Laughter may indicate embarrassment or distress rather than
amusement.
Smiling is a popular gesture here. It is often used, however,
for self-control.
Scratching the head is another gesture used to disguise con-
fusion and embarrassment.
When the Japanese want to give the impression that they are
in deep thought, they will sometimes fold their arms. Try not to interpret this as a gesture of hostility.
Direct eye contact is now common in Japan.
You may experience some pushing and shoving when
in crowds of commuters getting on and off trains and subways.
A popular «excuse me» gesture involves bowing slightly and holding an
open hand in front of you (as if clearing a passage). You don't really
chop; you just hold your hand up, and may wave it slightly.
Touching in public between males and females, once frowned
upon, is now common among young couples. This kind of touching
is also is starting to occur among men out on the town and older men
drinking in bars and cabarets.
In Japanese business culture men don't engage in backslapping but again, it is common in drinking situations after hours.
You're likely to find that taxi drivers rarely speak English.
One way of overcoming this problem is to have your host or an employee from your hotel write your destination in Japanese so that you
can show it to the driver. Also, keep a hotel card in Japanese with
you so that the driver can ensure your return.
Japan: Public Behaviour [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа:
http://ww.executi veplanet.c om/index.php?title=Japan:_Public_Behaviour
**********************************
Ex. 8 Write an appropriate answer for each question:
1. What kind of intermediary
A. _________________________
should one select to do business
in Japan?
2. How do the Japanese tend
B. _________________________
to think?
46
3. How should presentations be
organized?
C. ________________________
4. What is an oral agreement
acknowledged by?
5. What is the best policy for a
businesswoman?
D. ________________________
E. _________________________
Ex. 9 Write an appropriate question for each answer:
1. _______________________ A. The Japanese will shake hands
with Westerners as a way of making
them feel comfortable.
2. _______________________ B. The depth of the bow depends on
the recipient's rank, status.
3. _______________________ C. Direct eye contact is now common in Japan.
4. _______________________ D. Scratching the head is another
gesture used to disguise confusion
and embarrassment.
5. _______________________ E. Touching in public between males
and females, once frowned upon,
is now common among young couples.
Ex. 10 Speak about the traits of the Japanese.
Ex. 11 You are from Japan. Your partner is from Italy. You
don’t know each other. Make friends. Exchange business cards.
Make an appointment on the 3
respect and conservatism and show it through your own dialogue.
Ex. 12 Compare the characteristics of the Italians and the
Japanese. Whom would you prefer to deal with? Why?
d
of May, at 10 a.m. Demonstrate
47
UNIT VII
S P A I N
Facts about Spain:
* Madrid is the Capital and the largest city;
* The official language is Castilian;
* The area is about 505,992 km2;
* The population is about 46,704,314;
* The Government is Unitary parliamentary
constitutional monarchy;
* King is Juan Carlos;
* Prime Minister is Mariano Rajoy;
* Deputy Prime Minister is Soraya Sáenz
de Santamaría.
Questions
1. Who and What are YOU?
Characterize yourself as if YOU are
asked to do it during an interview?
2. Do YOU have a business
card? What does YOUR business card
contain?
3. What is it essential for YOUR
success in studying or competitions?
4. Who has the authority to make decisions in YOUR
family? How are decisions made?
for discussion:
Making appointments
Part 1
Working hours vary both across Spain and according to the type
of business but most offices are generally open from 9:00 a.m.
to 1:30 p.m. or 2:00 p.m. and again from perhaps 4:30 p.m. or 5:00 p.m.
48
until about 8:00 p.m. Monday to Friday. In July and especially August, when most people take their vacations, hours may change
to 8:30 a.m. – 2:30 p.m. Monday to Thursday and 8:30 a.m.
to 2:00 p.m. on Friday.
Banks and government offices open 9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.
Monday to Friday (banks are usually
open 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. on Saturday) and may not open at all in the
afternoon.
Whilst the siesta remains an
integral feature of the Spanish way
of life, it is no longer the case that all Spain closes completely for
the afternoon. Since Franco's death in 1975 Spanish working hours
have become «Europeanized». Though still far from «nine-to-five»,
the Spanish business day increasingly recognizes that its former
idiosyncrasies no longer match the demands and expectations of the
modern commercial world. Thus, a shorter break is more typically
taken between 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. (more or less), bigger shops
remain open throughout the day and close at 9:00 p.m. and many
office-workers remain at their desks until mid-evening. More and
more staff members do not leave the office at all during the siesta.
Nevertheless, even in Madrid, Barcelona or Valencia,
the working day still means arriving at the office around 9:00 a.m.
For many people the day will begin leisurely at first, drinking coffee
and catching up with the news or office gossip. Work does not really
start until 9:30 or 10:00 a.m. but, if it includes dinner, the working day
may extend beyond midnight.
Lunch usually starts between 1:00 p.m. and 2:00 p.m. and depending on the circumstances could either be a quick, casual meal
at a local cafe or bar or could last for several hours in a fine restaurant.
After returning to the office workers stay as long as necessary typically
until 7:00 p.m. or 8:00 p.m. but often much later for professionals.
Business can be conducted over meals but you should be
aware that Spaniards regard eating as a primarily sociable activity.
So, if you want to discuss business, you should make this clear
49
to your Spanish counterpart in advance. Breakfast meetings are not
very popular and should certainly not be scheduled before 8:30 a.m.
Also, many Spaniards still go home for lunch, so you should not be
alarmed if your invitation to eat at this time is declined.
Because of the comparatively unusual structure of the Spanish
working day it is probably best to arrange an initial meeting for the
mid-morning until or unless you know your counterpart's particular
routine.
Spain: Appointment Alert [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://ww.
executiveplanet.com/index.php?title=Spain:_Appointment_Alert%21_-_Part_1
**********************************
Ex. 1 Study A and find the pronunciation of the following
words and proper names in B. Translate the words:
A. Whilst, siesta, «Europeanized», Barcelona, Valencia, leisurely,
circumstances, alarmed, Spaniards, mid-morning, declined, regard,
comparatively, primarily, extend, catching up, nine-to-five, increasingly, sociable activity, in advance.
B. [waɪl], [sɪˈestə], [ˈleʒəlɪ], [jʊərəˈpiːən], [ˈsɜːkəmstəns], [əˈlɑːmd],
[ˈspænjəd], [ˌmɪdˈmɔːnɪŋ], [dɪˈklaɪn], [faɪv], [rɪˈɡɑːd], [kəmˈpærətɪvlɪ],
[ˈkætʃɪŋ], [praɪˈmerəlɪ], [ɪkˈstend], [ɪnˈkriːsɪŋlɪ], [ˈsəʊʃəbl], [ədˈvɑːns].
Ex. 2 Study word-combinations and translate them:
Take their vacations, whilst the siesta, integral feature,
way of life, for the afternoon, far from «nine-to-five», begin leisurely
at first, catching up with the news or office gossip, depending on the
circumstances, can be conducted over meals, a primarily sociable
activity, be scheduled before, comparatively unusual structure.
Ex. 3 Study the sentences and translate them:
1. Banks and government offices open 9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.
Monday to Friday (banks are usually open 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.
on Saturday) and may not open at all in the afternoon.
2. Since Franco's death in 1975 Spanish working hours have
become «Europeanized».
3. For many people the day will begin leisurely at first, drinking
coffee and catching up with the news or office gossip.
50
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