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Файл:Culture of Business English. Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов направлений подготовки 100400.62 Туризм, 080400.62 Управление персоналом, 08050
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UNIT III
F R A N C E
Facts about France:
* Paris is the Capital and the largest city;
* The official language is French;
* The area is about 674,843 km2;
* The population is about 65,350,000;
* The Government is Unitary semi-presidential
constitutional republic;
Questions for discussion:
1. Do YOU have a business card?
What information is used there?
2. What language do YOU learn?
Do YOU know how to say «Hello» or «Bye»
in French?
3. How do YOU usually behave yourself during lessons?
* The president is François Hollande.
Making appointments
Part 1
Ensure that you make appointments for both business and social
occasions. While you should strive to be punctual, you won't be considered late if you arrive ten minutes after the scheduled time. There is
increased tolerance for arriving late as you go further south.
French employees get five weeks of vacation, and take at
least three in July or August. Moreover, France practically «shuts
down» in August.
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With the mandatory reduction of the work week to 35 hours
executives are getting additional vacation in lieu of shorter working
weeks (14 to 16 extra days every year). This results in a lot
of offices being practically deserted during Christmas and Easter
school closings. You will need to take this into account when planning your business trips to France.
Generally, business hours
are from 8:30 or 9:00 a.m.
to 6:30 or 7:00 p.m. Lunch may
last for two hours or more.
In Paris lunch begins at 1:00 p.m.
In the provinces lunch begins at
noon or 12:30 p.m. Executives
often stay in the office until
7:00 or 8:00 p.m.
Staying late at the office is common, especially for individuals
in more senior positions.
The best time to schedule meetings is usually 11:00 a.m.
or 3:30 p.m.
France: [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://ww.executiveplanet.
com/index.php?title=France
**********************************
Ex. 1 Study A and find the transcriptions of the following words
and proper names in B. Translate the words:
A. Ensure, appointment, occasion, punctual, scheduled,
further, tolerance, employee, mandatory, executive, additional,
in lieu, account, province, individual, schedule, lunch, during,
reduction, increased, strive, south, both.
B. [ɪnˈʃɔː], [əˈkeɪʒ(ə)n], [ˈpʌŋktʃuəl], [ˈɔːɡəst], [ˈmændət(ə)rɪ],
[luː], [ɪɡˈzekjʊtɪv], [dɪˈzɜː(r)tɪd], [ˈprɒvɪns], [əˈkaʊnt], [ˈdʒen(ə)rəlɪ],
[nuːn], [ˈkɒmən], [ɪˈspeʃ(ə)lɪ], [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl], [ˈsiːnɪə(r)], [ˈʃedjuːl].
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Ex. 2 Study word-combinations and translate them:
For both business, social occasions, to be punctual, the scheduled time, go further, French employees, get five weeks of vacation,
take at least three, «shuts down», with the mandatory reduction,
in lieu of, being practically deserted, last for, time to schedule meetings.
Ex. 3 Study the sentences and translate them:
1. While you should strive to be punctual, you won't be con-
sidered late.
2. There is increased tolerance for arriving late.
3. Executives are getting additional vacation in lieu of shorter
working weeks.
4. This results in a lot of offices being practically deserted dur-
ing Christmas.
5. Staying late at the office is common, especially for individu-
als in more senior positions.
Ex. 4 Complete the sentences with the proper prepositions:
1. There is increased tolerance … arriving late.
2. French employees get five weeks … vacation, and take …
least three … July or August.
3. Business hours are … 8:30 or 9:00 a.m. … 6:30 or 7:00 p.m.
4. Staying late … the office is common, especially … individu-
als … more senior positions.
5. France practically «shuts down» … August.
Ex. 5 Complete the sentences with a word or a phrase:
1. Ensure that you make … for both business and social … .
2. … employees get five weeks of …, and take at least …
in July or August.
3. …, France practically … in August.
4. This results in a lot of offices being practically … during
Christmas and … .
5. The best time to … meetings is usually 11:00 … or 3:30 … .
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Ex. 6 Put the verb in brackets into the correct form for each
blank:
1. While you should … to be punctual, you … late if you arrive ten minutes after the scheduled time (to strive/to consider –
passive).
2. French employees … five weeks of vacation, and …
at least three in July or August (to get/to take).
3. Executives often … in the office until 7:00 or 8:00 p.m.
(to stay).
4. Staying late at the office … common for individuals in senior
positions (to be).
5. The best time to schedule meetings … usually 11:00 a.m.
or 3:30 p.m. (to be).
Ex. 7 Choose 3–4 verbs in the text and transfer them into sentences of your own in the passive voice according to the pattern.
Define the tense:
Ex.: consider – to be considered – You are considered to be
punctual.
Public Behaviour
Part 2
Men should stand, or at least initiate a move to do so, whenever a superior makes an entrance.
Good posture is considered a sign of breeding in this culture.
Expect to be greeted by a handshake; kissing on the cheeks
(across genders) is also common amongst colleagues at work.
It is not extended to outsiders and you should not attempt it until your
female colleagues have made the initial move.
Despite the formality of French business culture people tend
to stand close when speaking to each other. Moreover, touching
a shoulder or patting an arm is also commonplace and usually within
the bounds of French business etiquette.
24
Maintaining eye contact is important but try not to focus too
intently on the other person. Chewing gum in public is considered
vulgar. Keep your hands out of your pockets when in public. Slapping an open palm over a closed fist is offensive. Snapping fingers
is also considered offensive. Smiling is treated only with indifference
here. It will not be perceived as a greeting or as an indication of approval. If you feel the need to point, motion with your whole hand
rather than your index finger. Make a writing gesture in the air to
summon the bill.
The U.S. «O.K.» sign (forming a circle with the thumb and
forefinger) actually means «zero» or «useless» in France. The French
«O.K.» symbol is the North American «thumbs up»; use this symbol
to express approval.
France: Public Behaviour [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа:
http://ww.executiveplanet.com/index.php?title=France:_Public_Behaviour
**********************************
Ex. 8 Write an appropriate answer for each question:
1. Is good posture considered a
A. ____________________
sign of breeding in French culture?
2. Should you focus too intently on
B. ____________________
the other person?
3. What bad habits do you should
C. ____________________
avoid when speaking to the French?
4. Do the U.S. «O.K.» sign (forming
D. ____________________
a circle with the thumb and forefinger) actually mean «zero» or «useless» in France?
5. Expect to be greeted by a hand-
E. ____________________
shake; kissing on the cheeks (across
genders) is also common amongst
colleagues at work, isn’t it?
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Ex. 9 Write an appropriate question for each answer:
1. ______________________
A. Expect to be greeted by a
handshake.
2. ______________________
B. Chewing gum in public is
considered vulgar.
3. ______________________
C. If you feel the need to point,
motion with your whole hand
rather than your index finger.
4. ______________________
D. The French «O.K.» symbol is
the North American «thumbs
up»; use this symbol to express
approval.
5. ______________________
E. Maintaining eye contact is
important but try not to focus too
intently on the other person.
Ex. 10 You are from France. Your partner is from China. You
don’t know each other. Make friends. Exchange business cards.
Make an appointment on the 30
th
of October, at 5 p.m. Demonstrate
respect and conservatism and show it through your own dialogue.
Ex. 11 Make up a list of key words and word combinations.
Give and enumerate all the essential French qualities in two columns. Compare the characteristics of the Chinese and the French.
Whom would you like to deal with? Why?
Ex. 12 Speak and Prove that formality is inherent to France.
Keep a 3 minutes’ talk.
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UNIT IV
G E R M A N Y
Questions for discussion:
1. How are meetings organized in YOUR
family?
2. Do YOU know the way the Russian
business culture is characterized by?
3. Do YOU know that formal and informal
languages differ from each other?
4. Can YOU give an example of infor-
mal/formal languages?
Facts about Germany:
* Motto: «Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit»
German) // «Unity and Justice and Freedom» (unofficial);
* The capital and largest city is Berlin;
* The official language is German;
* The area is about 357.021 km2;
* The population is 80,585,700;
* The President is Joachim Gauck.
Making appointments
Part 1
Never underestimate the importance of punctuality in German
business culture. Arriving even five to ten minutes later than the appointed time is perceived as late especially if you are a subordinate.
Fifteen minutes would be considered a very serious faux pas.
27
Be prepared to make an appointment for most things. Germans don't usually feel comfortable discussing especially serious
things «on the go» so don't expect to be able to just drop into the
office unannounced for any detailed discussions. Make your appointments well in advance. Give at least one or two weeks notice for
an appointment made by telephone; allow at least a month for an
appointment made by mail. If you don't have much preparation time,
it's sometimes possible to arrange a brief, introductory meeting within
a few days' notice.
If you must be late for any reason, it's important that you call
and notify the person who is expecting you.
The preferred times for business appointments are between
10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. or between 3:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m.
Avoid scheduling appointments on Friday afternoons as some
offices close by 2:00 p.m. or 3:00 p.m. on Fridays.
Casually changing the time and place of an appointment
is not appreciated. Allow at least 24 hrs.
Be sensitive to vacation and festival periods here. Germans generally have six weeks of paid vacation, which means someone
is almost always «in Urlaub» («on holiday»). Therefore, be prepared
to take this into consideration when making appointments or planning
visits. For instance, Germans commonly take long vacations during July,
August, December and Easter when schools break up.
Germany: Appointment Alert [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа:
http://ww.executiveplanet.com/index.php?title=Germany:_Appointment_Alert%21
**********************************
Ex. 1 Study A and find the transcriptions of the following words
and proper names in B. Translate the words:
A. Underestimate, punctuality, appointed,
considered, prepared, discussing, expect,
announced, scheduling, Urlaub, consideration, appreciated, notify, arrange, introductory,
paid, commonly, generally, notice, sensitive,
break up, preparation.
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B. [‚ʌndər’estə‚meɪt], [’pʌŋktʃʋəlɪtɪ], [ə’pɔɪntɪd], [kən’sɪdəd],
[prɪ’peəd], [dɪ’skʌsɪŋ], [ɪk’spekt], [ə’naʋnst], [kən‚sɪdə’reɪʃən],
[ə’pri:ʃɪ‚eɪtɪd], [ə’reɪndʒ], [‚ɪntrə’dʌktərɪ], [’kɒmənlɪ], [’dʒenərəlɪ],
[‚prepə’reɪʃən], [ˈʃedjuːlɪŋ].
Ex. 2 Study word-combinations and translate them:
А «middle hierarchical» culture; in-house procedure; communication behaviour; initial relationship-building; historical «village
mentality»; fact-oriented thinking; communication tools; a very formal, law-obeying society.
Ex. 3 Study the sentences and translate them:
1. There is some noticeable resentment, especially among the
45 to 60 age group, which generally doesn't feel as secure
in the language as next younger generations.
2. The smaller the office is, the more greetings will be forthcoming and expected, but the bigger the environment is, the less
it will be expected and offered.
3. They will not expect to be approached by complete strangers, nor will they as a rule do the same to establish some points
of commonality through fluent small talk.
4. The traditional relaxed mood Germans talk so fondly
of when getting together socially, is reserved for, indeed only possible, within a close circle of family and friends.
5. Germans generally have six weeks of paid vacation, which
means someone is almost always «in Urlaub» («on holiday»).
Ex. 4 Complete the sentences with the proper prepositions:
1. Never underestimate the importance of punctuality … German business culture.
2. Arriving even five … ten minutes later than the appointed
time is perceived as late especially if you are a subordinate.
3. Give … least one or two weeks notice … an appointment
made … telephone.
4. Avoid scheduling appointments … Friday afternoons
as some offices close … 2:00 p.m. or 3:00 p.m. … Fridays.
5. Germans generally have six weeks … paid vacation, which
means someone is almost always «… Urlaub» («… holiday»).
29
Ex. 5 Complete the sentences with a word or a phrase:
1. If you must … for any reason, it's important that you call
and … who is expecting you.
2. Be … and festival periods … .
3. Germans commonly take … … during July, August, De-
cember and Easter when schools … .
4. Casually changing the … and … of an appointment is not … .
5. Allow … … hrs.
Ex. 6 Put the verb in brackets into the correct form for each
blank:
1. Germans usually … comfortable discussing especially seri-
ous things «on the go» (not to feel).
2. If you … much preparation time, it … sometimes possible
to arrange an introductory meeting within a few days' notice (not
to have/to be).
3. … scheduling appointments on Friday afternoons
(to avoid – imperative).
4. … at least one or two weeks notice for an appointment
(to give – imperative).
5. Germans generally … six weeks of paid vacation (to have).
Ex. 7 Choose 3–4 verbs in the text and transfer them into sentences of your own in the passive voice according to the pattern. Define the tense and change them into Past and Future Simple:
Ex.: consider – to be considered – You are considered to be
punctual.
Public Behaviour
Part 2
If you do not speak German, be careful of automatically addressing a person in English. While Germans generally speak very
good English, some may feel offended at the presumption.
Germans do not expect to be greeted by strangers, even when
eye contact has been made in the office. The fact-oriented thinking
is, «since I don't know this person, there is no relationship, so there
is no need to get into superficial pleasantries».
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