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185

Chapter 10
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Denitions ofThe Extent ofPericardiectomy,
Echocardiographic Variables, Outcome
Variables, Haemodynamic Studies,
andNormal Acceptable Values
The following denitions of pericardial resection, echocardiographic variables, and
haemodynamic measures have been consistently used throughout this monograph in
order to maintain consistency with previous studies in the published literature.
When there are clinical features of constriction and supportive echocardiographic
and hemodynamic criteria, as previously outlined, constrictive pericarditis is
deemed to be of major haemodynamic importance.
In 2005, to dene the limit of pericardial resection, total pericardiectomy was
dened as wide excision of the pericardium with the phrenic nerves dening the
posterior extent, the great vessels including the intrapericardial portion of superior
caval vein and superior cavoatrial junction dening the superior extent, and the
diaphragmatic surface, including the inferior cavoatrial junction dening the inferior extent of the pericardial resection [4–12]. The atria and caval veins were decorticated in all cases in this study group, and constricting layers of the epicardium
were removed wherever possible. Pericardiectomy was considered partial if both
ventricles could not be decorticated completely because of dense myopericardial
adhesions or calcication [4–12]. The term “radical pericardiectomy” denes the
complete removal of the pericardium over the anterolateral, diaphragmatic surfaces
of the left ventricle, the portion of pericardium posterior to the phrenic nerve and the
left ventricle, and the anterior and diaphragmatic surfaces of the right ventricle until
the atrioventricular groove, leaving the left and right phrenic pedicles intact [4–11].
Subsequently, in 2020 for the sake of uniformity with other studies and suggestions of the Editorial Board of the Annals of Thoracic Surgery, we revised the denition of “total pericardiectomy” to include wide pericardial excisions over the
anterolateral, the diaphragmatic surfaces of both ventricles, the pericardium posterior to the phrenic nerve with intact phrenic pedicles, and over the great vessels,
including the intrapericardial cavoatrial junctions [12].
The term “partial pericardiectomy” is reserved for anything less than total pericardiectomy. In oncological conditions where draining lymphatics and lymph nodes
are also removed, the phrase “radical pericardiectomy” will be more specically
Ltd. 2023
U. K. Chowdhury, L. K. Sankhyan, Surgical Treatment of Chronic Constrictive
Pericarditis, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5808-5_10
187© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte
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