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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_4510_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Index
437
Nursing team
instrument table routinely organized by, 299
performance, 298
preparation for procedure, 302
O
Obesity, tracheostomy and, 163
Obesity Medicine Association, 161
Obstruction, tracheostomy complication, 388
Oncological tracheostomy, 147–150
airway management, 176
bulky ap reconstruction, 180
elective tracheostomy, 176
emergency tracheostomy, 172–175
horizontal partial laryngectomy, 181
indications, 170–174
in oral cancer, 175–177
in organ preservation, 178–180
in oropharyngeal cancer, 175
patients with head and neck tumors, 175
quality of life, 184
Vertical partial laryngectomy, 181
Open technique, tracheostomy, 286
Open tracheostomy (OT), 94
Operating room (OR), see also Surgical
tracheostomy in the operating room
(STOR), 94
Oral communication, 389
AAC, 412
assessment, 410–411
implication, 407–410
therapy, 411–427
tracheoesophageal prosthesis, 411
vibrating/electronic larynx, 411
Oral intubation, 110
Oral phase, swallowing, 403
Organ preservation protocols, tracheostomy,
229
Oropharyngeal airway, 341
Orotracheal intubation, 244, 248, 266
brobronchoscope, 254
Orotracheal tube, tracheostomy vs., 392
Orthognathic surgery, 241, 248–250
DFD, 253, 255
physical characteristics, 251–253
ventilatory complications, 250
P
Panfacial fractures, 242, 243
Passy-Muir valve, 397, 405, 409
Paul of Aegina, 48
PDT, see Percutaneous dilatational
tracheostomy (PDT)
Pediatric tracheostomy, 135–138
advantages, 145
complications, 145, 157
cuffed tracheostomy, 155
decannulation, 157–158
emergency care, 156
fenestration, 144
xation of tube, 155
home care routines, 156
horizontal tracheostomy, 146
humidication, 155–156
indications for, 138–140
laryngotracheal complex, 144
metallic tubes, 150
mortality, 157
neck examination, 141
nomenclature, 135
oncological tracheostomy, 148
pearls and pitfalls, 145–147
percutaneous tracheostomy, 150
plastic devices, 151
positioning, 141, 142
postoperative care, 152
preoperative evaluation, 140–141
proportional changes, 136
skin incision, 142
technical peculiarities, 147–150
thyroid gland space, 142
trachea exposure and hemostasis, 143
transtumoral tracheostomy, 149
tube changes, 153, 154
tube choices, 150–151
tube hygiene, 155
tube passage, 145
ventilator support, 157
Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy
(PDT), 8
balloon dilator through water pressure,
104–105
complications, 110–113
vs. conventional tracheostomy, 94–96
dilation by metallic forceps, 102–104
kit, 98–107
screw rotating plastic dilator, 106–107
single progressive plastic dilator, 98–102
training program course, 114–116
ultrasound role in, 107–110
Percutaneous tracheostomy (PT), 78–82, 287,
364
advantages, 297–304
bronchoscopy, 367
Ciaglia Blue Rhino
®
Kit, 97
complications, 87, 88, 288, 295–297
contraindications, 289
conventional vs., 288
438
Percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) (cont.)
cost, 88, 89, 295
dilator, 84, 85
disadvantages, 297
exible bronchoscope, 82
guidewire, 84
indications for, 78
J-tipped guide wire, 83
mortality, 95
PDT learning curve, 95, 96
postoperative care, 86–87
preparation, 287
procedure, 82–86
puncture of trachea, 96
single progressive plastic dilator, 98
transverse incision, 83
ultrasound guidance, 96
Percutaneous vs. conventional tracheostomy
cannula obstruction, 132
cervical bronchoscopy and
ultrasonography, 128–131
cervical immobility, 126
cervical scar, 127
coagulation pitfalls, 125
complications, 124
costs and environment, 127–128
dilators, 120
guide wire, 123
incision and dissection, 123
indications and contraindications, 121–122
morbid obesity, 126
positioning of patient, 122
previous tracheostomy, 127
procedure time, 125
stoma infection and scarring, 131
surgical approach, 122–123
thyroid goiter, 126
urgent tracheostomy, 126
videobronchoscopy, 128
Percutaneous vs. open surgical techniques,
163–164
PercuTwist
®
, 81, 94, 106, 107
Pharyngeal phase, swallowing, 403
Phonatory valve, 389, 409, 410
Plastic tubes, 25
Pneumomediastinum, 111, 257, 312
Pneumonia, 111, 317
Pneumothorax, 111, 257, 308, 387
Polytetrauoroethylene (PTFE), 40
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 27
®
Portex
, 100, 102–104, 123
adjustable-ange tracheostomy tubes, 38
Blueline Ultra
®
, 27, 40
cuffed tracheostomy tubes, 37, 38
number9 tube, 29
Index
®
UniPerc
adjustable-ange tube, 40
Posttracheal intubation, 371–374
Posttracheostomy stenosis, 371–374
Prehospital care, cricothyroidostomy, 277
Preoxygenation techniques, 339
Preparatory phase, swallowing, 403
Pretracheal soft tissue thickness (PTSTT), 165
Prophylactic tracheostomy, 226, 235
Pulmonary abscess, 111
Pulmonary emphysema, 388
Pulmonary protection care, 386–387
Pulse oximeter, 388
Puncture cricothyroidostomy, 274
Q
Quality of life, 184
R
Radiochemotherapy, 229
Radio-oncologist, 231–234
Radiotherapy, 225, 226
with dynamic arc modulation, 226
laryngectomy and adjuvant, 231
Rapid 4-step technique, cricothyroidostomy,
271, 272, 274
Rapitrach technique, 87
Rationalization period, 294
Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, 310
Regional and Federal Councils of Medicine of
Brazil, 266
REHAB rehabilitation center, 395
Respiratory tract
cervical region with, 268
postoperative complications, 368
Rhinoplasty, 258
orthognathic surgery, 251, 255
Rigid bronchoscopy (RB), 366, 367, 372, 373
Royal Marsden Hospital, 229
®
Rush
, 106–107
S
Sedation, 122
Sedatives, cricothyroidostomy, 271
Seldinger technique, 79, 87, 93, 287
cricothyroidostomy, 274–277
Self-care, 417, 420
Shelden technique, 79
Shiley™
cuffed tracheostomy tubes, 38
DCT, 42
DFEN, 42
FEN, 41
Index
439
exible tracheostomy tubes, 39
exible tubes, 42
LGT, 31
LPC, 41
PERC, 42
tracheostomy tubes, 39
tube ange, 30
XLT tubes, 39, 43
Skin aps, 188
Sleep obstructive apnea syndrome (SOAS),
253, 257, 258
SOAS, see Sleep obstructive apnea syndrome
(SOAS)
Speech
categories, 407
implication, 407 (see also Oral
communication)
valve, 394–396, 408, 409
Speech–language pathology
AAC, 412
assessment, 402, 405
decannulation process, 394, 395, 399
swallowing, 405
Squamous carcinoma, 235
Standard open tracheostomy, 78
STBS, see Surgical bedside tracheostomy
(STBS)
Stenosis, 372
posttracheostomy, 372–374
tracheal (see Tracheal stenosis)
Stoma infection and scarring, 131
Stomal recurrence, tracheostomy, 231
Stomatognathic system, 401, 402
STOR, see Surgical tracheostomy in the
operating room (STOR)
Subcutaneous emphysema, 111, 313
Submental intubation, 244, 246, 247
advantages, 247
disadvantages, 247
scar, 247
Suction procedure, 381
Supracricoid laryngectomy, 181
Supraglottic devices, 350
Supraglottic laryngectomy, 181
Surgical bedside tracheostomy (STBS), 304
advantages and disadvantages, 297
complication, 295
costs, 295
postprocedure recovery, 300
unergonomic position, 303
Surgical instrument, 52
Surgical tracheostomy in the operating room
(STOR), 304
advantages and disadvantages, 297
complication, 295
costs, 295
space in, 299
Surgical wound infection, 313
Swallowing, 388, 395
anticipatory phase, 403
esophageal phase, 403–405
function for different foods, 406
implication, 403–405
inated cuff interfering, 404, 408
nasobrolaryngoscopy, 395
oral phase, 403
pharyngeal phase, 403
phases, 403, 406
physiology, 402
prepatatory phase, 403
speech–language pathology, 405–406
therapy of, 407
treatment, 395
T
Technical procedures related to dressings
(TPRDs), 228
Telecobalt therapy, 227
Teletherapy, volumetric arc technique, 233,
234
The Therapeutics of Acute Diseases
(Aretaeus), 2
Thyroid goiter, 126
Thyroid isthmus, 107
Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Center,
229
Total laryngectomy, 183
TPRDs, see Technical procedures related to
dressings (TPRDs)
Trachea
anatomical variations, 22
anatomy in children, 22
cervical portion, 19
cricothyroid ligament, 16
exposure and hemostasis, 143
external diameter, 13
individualized neck muscles, 12
innervation, 19–22
macrostructure, 12–17
microstructure, 17–18
submucosal layer, 17
submucous capillary plexus, 21
subplatysmal myocutaneous ap, 12
surfaces, 13
thyrocervical trunk, 20
tissue layers, 17
vague lateral nerve, 21
vascularization, 18
venous drainage, 18
440
Index
Tracheal granulomas, resection, 371
Tracheal intubation, emergency situations, 266
Tracheal puncture, bronchoscopic aid, 369
Tracheal stenosis, 314
anatomical locations, 327
bedside chest X-ray, 324
bronchoscopic view, 372
causes, 324–325
cricoid cartilage, 328
cuff balloon, 329
diagnosing, 322
digital palpation of cuff, 330
exible bronchoscopy, 323
incidence of, 321
infrastomal complications, 328
intracuff pressure, 323
pathophysiology, 323–324
prevention, 330–331
risk factors, 325–327
stenosis, 329–330
symptoms, 322
tracheostomy, 327–329
Tracheal stoma, 385
Tracheobronchial biopsies, 368–370
Tracheobronchoscopy, 372, 374
Tracheoesophageal stula, 112, 317, 371
Tracheoesophageal prosthesis, 411, 412
Tracheoinnominate stula, 316
Tracheomalacia, 316
Tracheoscopy, tracheal stenosis, 314
Tracheostomy, 1–3, 7, 8, 226–228, 377, 391,
392, 401, 402
advantages, 283
ancient engraving, 4
bronchoscopy before/after, 367, 368, 370
complication, 230, 295, 370, 387
aspiration, 317
bleeding, 308, 313
cannula obstruction, 312
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 310
esophageal perforation, 310
feeding/swallowing, 388–389
hemorrhage, 388
humidity, 388
infectious process, 388
obstruction, 388
pneumomediastinum, 312
pneumonia, 317
pneumothorax, 308
prolonged use, 392, 393
pulmonary emphysema, 388
recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, 310
speech/voice, 389
subcutaneous emphysema, 313
surgical wound infection, 313
tracheal stenosis, 314
tracheoesophageal stula, 317
tracheoinnominate stula, 316
tracheomalacia, 316
tracheostomy tube, displacement, 312
costs and, 294, 295
craniomaxillofacial trauma, 242, 246, 248
disadvantages, 283, 364
endoscopic inspection, 397
head and neck tumors, 234
history, 47–49
period of dramatization (AD 1833–
1932), 6–7
period of enthusiasm (AD 1932–1965),
7
period of fear (AD 1546–1833), 2–3
period of legend (3100 BC–AD 1546),
1–2
period of rationalization (AD 1965–
present), 7–8
ICU (see Intensive care unit (ICU))
indication, 282, 393
laryngeal edema, 228
meta-analyses, 93
morbidity, 294
mortality, 51
multivariate analysis, 230
normal exposure during, 311
nursing procedures, 228
and obesity, 161–167
open technique, 286–288
operating room, 297
organ preservation protocols, 229–231
vs. orotracheal tube, 392
orthognathic surgery, 248, 251, 253, 255
panfacial trauma before/after, 242
percutaneous technique (see Percutaneous
tracheostomy (PT))
performance, 284–286
plastic cannulae, 227
procedural execution, checklist
adequate monitoring, 54
anesthesia, 58
cannula xation, 73
chlorhexidine antiseptic solution, 56
dissection, 61, 63–66
general conditions, 54
incision, 58–63
intertracheal ligament, 69
location, 52–53
multidisciplinary team training, 51–52
patient’s positioning, 55–58
review of procedure/xing of cannula,
72–74
surgical instruments, 52, 53
Index
441
tracheal ap preparation, 68
tracheal opening, 66–72
procedural performance
location, 50
prior authorization, 50
qualication, 49–50
stomal recurrence, 231
surgical technique, 50–51
swallowing (see Swallowing)
tube manipulation, 228
upper airways, 93
ventilation, 77
Tracheostomy cannula, 24
insertion, 273
soft tissue dilator with, 276
Tracheostomy care, 377–378
accidental decannulation, 387
cannula cleaning, 383–385
cannula xation, 378, 379
CPR procedure, 378–381
emergency kit, 385–386
humidity, 385
pulmonary protection, 386
stoma cleaning, 383
suction procedure, 381–383
Tracheostomy stenosis, 231
Tracheostomy tube, 391
cannula tube, 27–29
cuffed tubes, 34–36
cufess tubes, 36–37
dimensions, 29–31
displacement, 312
fenestration, 33–34
without inner cannula, 25
metallic tubes, 25–27, 31
plastic tubes, 25–27, 30
sizes, 30, 37–39
structure, 24
usage, 23
TRACMAN study, 284
Traditional blade devices, 351
Transglottic carcinoma, 178
Transglottic tumors, 229
Transillumination, 82
Transoperative complications, tracheostomy
bleeding, 308
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 310
esophageal perforation, 310
pneumomediastinum, 312
pneumothorax, 308–310
recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, 310
Transtumoral tracheostomy
anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, 208–212
anesthesia, 214
cervical drainage, 219
complications, 222–223
debulking, 220
imaging diagnosis, 209
large horizontal incision, 214
palliative procedure, 211
patient approach, 212–214
preoperative examination, 221
prethyroid muscles removal, 215
surgical technique, 214–221
technical care, 219–221
tracheal deviation, 209, 210
tumor debulking, 217
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), moderate/severe,
285
Treacher Collins syndrome, 251, 254
Truview videolaryngoscopes, 351, 352
U
Ultrasonography, 128
advantage, 287, 288
cricothyroidostomy, 268
Uvulopalatoplasty, 258
V
Vertical partial laryngectomy, 181
Vibrating larynx, 411
Videolaryngoscopes, 351, 358
Airtraq, 355, 356
C-MAC, 352–354
GlideScope, 352, 353
King Vision, 354, 355
McGrath, 354
Truview, 351, 352
VividTrac, 355, 356
Virtual bronchoscopy, 372, 374
Visual scanning, 426, 427
VividTrac videolaryngoscopes, 355, 356
Vocal cords, 268
Volumetric arc technique, teletherapy, 233,
234
W
Washington, George, 2, 5
World Health Organization (WHO), 161