Технический перевод иностранной литературы по профилю подготовки. Учебное пособие

Career opportunities

There are many career opportunities that cover a large range of activities such as:

Acting areas of ranging from polymers, metals, ceramics, and compo-

sites

Automobile industry

Aeronautic industry

Electronic industry

Metalworking industry

Textile industry

Ceramic industry

Sectors of energy and environment, biomaterial and nanomaterial in-

dustry

Quality management services

Environmental management and control services

Enrolling in a BS degree program is a significant instrument in one’s professional career. It enhances career prospects and gives industry oriented experience to its graduates. The philosophy of Bachelor of Science program at NSTU provides practical, interdisciplinary skills and theoretical understanding of the chosen area. The BS programs are designed to be completed in 4 years. A diploma defense is obligatory.

Admission to a BS program at NSTU is provided on a competitive basis. First, the applicant’s suitability for the program is evaluated. To be eligible for admission in a BS program at NSTU, you must be an applicant with excellent study success in the previous studies. The applicants are then ranked according to the grade point average and the best applicants are granted admission.

Choosing NSTU Bachelor of Science degree program is a smart move for at least several reasons:

– you can benefit from a complete learning experience

– you can study at the university placed highly on international rankings

– you can take advantage of NSTU’s preferential relations with top employers

– you can live on a university campus with its numerous facilities

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After 4 years of studies, students are awarded the Bachelor of Science degree and can continue their research towards the Master of Science degree.

DEVELOPING ACADEMIC VOCABULARY

TASK 3. THE FOLLOWING WORDS ARE ALL FROM THE TEXT ABOVE. FIND THEM IN THE TEXT:

Admission significant eligible to assign to grant

TASK 4. FOR EACH WORD, READ THE SENTENCE IT OCCURS IN AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:

а) Is the word positive, negative or neutral? б) Is it a noun, adjective, adverb or verb?

в) Can you think of a word with a similar meaning (synonym) and one with an opposite meaning (antonym)?

READING COMPREHENTION

TASK 5. WHAT IS THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THE TEXT? TO OFFER:

a)a detailed description of study program and admission requirements at NSTU BS program in Materials Science

b)an argument for studying at NSTU

c)an evaluation of NSTU graduates’ career prospects

d)a comparison between BS programs at NSTU and other Russian universities

TASK 6. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1)What fields is the Bachelor of Science degree usually awarded in?

2)How long has NSTU been awarding Bachelor of Science degree?

3)What kind of experience does a BS program give to its graduates?

4)What is the main requirement for the admission?

5)What do the applicants have to pass?

6)What are career opportunities for Materials Engineering students?

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7)What is the philosophy of NSTU concerning Bachelor of Science Program?

8)Can you enumerate the reasons for choosing NSTU Master of Science program?

TASK 7. READ THE STATEMENTS AND SAY WHETHER THEY ARE TRUE (T) OR FALSE (F). CORRECT THE FALSE ONES:

1)A Bachelor’s degree is awarded for completion of Master of Science program.

2)Nowadays NSTU offers Bachelor’s programs in forty-nine fields of

study.

3)Enrolling in a BS program cannot actually help one’s career.

4)A Bachelor of Science program at NSTU provides only practical

skills.

5)Applicants to an BS program at NSTU have to take special tests.

6)The applicants are ranked randomly.

7)Students attend lectures and seminars.

8)NSTU is placed highly on international rankings.

TASK 8. GIVE THE ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS AND PHRASES:

1)присуждать степень

2)сферы, связанные с наукой и техникой

3)важный инструмент в профессиональной карьере

4)карьерные перспективы

5)междисциплинарные навыки

6)прием, зачисление

7)на конкурсной основе

8)профессиональное лидерство

9)высококвалифицированные выпускники

10)в тесном сотрудничестве

11)обеспечивать чем-либо

TASK 9. MAKE UP 8 SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS FROM TASK 6.

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TASK 10. MATCH THE WORDS WITH THEIR DEFINITIONS:

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Look at the verb forms in italics. Write them out and state: a) their voice forms; b) their tense forms. Translate the sentences into Russian.

ACADEMIC LANGUAGE. SENTENCE STRUCTURE.

Frequent sentence patterns

The most frequent sentence patterns in English are simple and compound. Sentences are built up using one or more clauses. A clause has a subject, verb,

object, complement, and adverbial. This is an example of a simple sentence with one main clause:

Students work with their supervisors.

They attend lectures, laboratory works and seminars.

Two clauses can be joined to create a compound sentence using a coordinator. There are three main coordinators: and, but and or. For instance:

Some students learn in a different way from others and so need to be taught in a way that makes it easy for them to learn.

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TASK 11. PUT THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER. USE THE SENTENCES TO SPEAK ABOUT YOUR BACHELOR OF SCIENCE PROGRAM OF STUDIES:

1)Awarding/ NSTU/ has/ of/ Science/ degree/ been / since/ Bachelor /

1996.

2)Entered/ I/ research-oriented/ have/ a/ program.

3)Major/ is/ Science/ my/Materials.

4)Well/ I/ am/ informed/ this/ problem/ on.

5)Moreover/ collecting/ I/ am/ on/the material/ the problem.

6)Significant/ is/ Bachelor/ of/ instrument/ Science/ prospective/ program/ a/ career/ my /in.

7)Me/ it/ provides/ practical/ theoretical/ with/of/ area/ chosen/ and/ understanding/ the.

8)A/ to / Admission/ BS/ program/ competitive/ was.

9)Admission/ granted/ I/ results/ had/ excellent/ I/ and/ was.

10)Closely/ my/ studies/ are/ now/ connected/ with/ field/ relevant/ the.

11)Attend/ seminars/ works/ I/ laboratory/ and.

12)Also/ take/ I/ part/ in/ conferences/ scientific.

13)Hope/ to/ I/ my/ Bachelor’s/ get / diploma/ in/ year/a.

SPEAKING

TASK 12. USE THE SENTENCES IN TASK 11 TO SPEAK ABOUT YOUR BACHELOR OF SCIENCE PROGRAM OF STUDIES.

LISTENING COMPREHENTION

TASK 13. LISTEN TO THE TEXT AND COMPLETE THE NOTES:

1.The Materials and Engineering Institute and Defense Systems Office are working on …

2.The project will develop … … … and define protocols for component design.

3.This is a high profile project, of … importance to the company and to

….

4.The work of Material and Engineering Research Institute is dedicated to … …, both nationally and internationally, through the application of …

….

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5. It comprises 4 research centers of which the Polymers, … and Modeling Research Center is central to their project.

TEXT 3. MATERIALS AND THEIR STRUCTURE

TASK 1. BEFORE YOU READ:

1.What do you know about the properties of different materials and their structure?

2.Can you name the main properties of materials?

VOCABULARY:

1.thermal ['θɜ:m(ə)l], adj. – тепловой, термический

2.conductivity ['kɔndʌk'tɪvɪtɪ], n. – проводимость

3.specific heat [spɪ'sɪfɪk hi:t] – удельная теплоемкость

4.yield strength [ji:ld streŋθ] – предел текучести

5.impact ['ɪmpækt], n.– удар

6.fatigue [fə'ti:g], n. – усталость

7.notch [nɔʧ], n. – выточка, выемка

8.specimen ['spesɪmən], n. – образец

9.loading ['ləudɪŋ], n.– нагружение

10.tolerance ['tɔl(ə)rəns], n. – допуск

TASK 2. READ THE TEXT:

The properties of materials are sometimes referred to as structuresensitive, as compared to structure-insensitive properties. In this case struc- ture-insensitive properties include the traditional physical properties: electrical and thermal conductivity, specific heat, density, and magnetic and optical properties. The structure-sensitive properties include the tensile and yield strength, hardness, and impact, creep, and fatigue resistance. It is recognized that some sources maintain that hardness is not a true mechanical property, because it varies somewhat with the characteristics of the indentor and therefore is a technological test. It is well known that other me-

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chanical properties vary significantly with rate of loading, temperature, geometry of notch in impact testing, and the size and geometry of the test specimen. In that sense all mechanical tests of material properties are technological tests. Furthermore, since reported test values of materials properties are statistical averages, a commercial material frequently has a tolerance band of ±5 percent or more deviation from a given published value.

In the solid state, materials can be classified as metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Any particular material can be described by its behavior when subjected to external conditions. Thus, when it is loaded under known conditions of direction, magnitude, rate, and environment, the resulting responses are called mechanical properties. There are many possible complex interrelationships among the internal structure of a material and its service performance. Mechanical properties such as yield strength, impact strength, hardness, creep, and fatigue resistance are strongly struc- ture-sensitive, i.e., they depend upon the arrangement of the atoms in the crystal lattice and on any imperfections in that arrangement, whereas the physical properties are less structure-sensitive. These include electrical, thermal, magnetic, and optical properties and do depend in part upon structure; for example, the resistivity of a metal increases with the amount of cold work. Physical properties depend primarily upon the relative excess or deficiency of the electrons that establish structural bonds and upon their availability and mobility. Between the conductors with high electron mobility and the insulators with no free electrons, precise control of the atomic architecture has created semiconductors that can have a planned modification of their electron mobility. Similarly, advances in solid-state optics have led to the development of the stimulated emission of electromagnetic energy in the microwave spectrum (masers) and in the visible spectrum (lasers).

DEVELOPING ACADEMIC VOCABULARY

WORKING OUT THE MEANING OF UNKNOWN WORDS

TASK 3.THE FOLLOWING WORDS ARE ALL FROM THE TEXT ABOVE. FIND THEM IN THE TEXT:

availability solid-state deficiency emission visible excess

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TASK 4. FOR EACH WORD, READ THE SENTENCE IT OCCURS IN AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:

a)Is the word positive, negative or neutral?

b)Is it a noun, adjective, adverb or verb?

c)Can you think of a word with a similar meaning (synonym) and one with an opposite meaning (antonym)?

READING COMPREHENTION

TASK 5. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:

1.Do mechanical properties of materials depend on their structure?

2.What are the main traditional physical properties of substances?

3.To what extent do the physical properties of materials depend on their structure?

4.What affects the relativity of the concept of "mechanical properties"?

5.What is the level of statistical deviation for industrial materials?

6.How are substances in the solid state classified?

7.Can you give a definition of the mechanical properties of materials?

8.What properties of materials are more dependent on the structure: physical or mechanical?

9.What determines the physical properties of materials?

10.How does relativity depend on the pressure treatment?

11.How are materials divided according to the presence of free electrons in them?

12.What are the names of the devices that emit forced electromagnetic energy in the microwave and visible range?

TASK 6. GIVE THE ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS TO THE FOLLOWING INTERNATIONAL WORDS IN THE TEXT:

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TASK 7. MAKE UP 5 SENTENCES WITH THE WORDS GIVEN ABOVE.

TASK 8. FIND THE RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS OF THE FOL-

TASK 9. TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH, USING THE ACTIVE VOCABULARY:

1.Механические свойства материалов очень структурно чувствительны.

2.Это зависит от расположения атомов в кристаллической решетке.

3.Физические свойства материалов зависят от относительного избытка или недостатка электронов.

4.Основные традиционные физические свойства вещества – электропроводность, теплопроводность, плотность, оптические свойства.

5.В твердом состоянии вещества можно классифицировать на металлы полимеры, керамику и композиты.

TASK 10. MATCH THE WORDS WITH THEIR DEFINITIONS:

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SPEAKING

TASK 11. SPEAK ABOUT MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES. USE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS AS A PLAN:

1.What are structure-insensitive properties of materials? Can you name

them?

2.What are structure-sensitive properties of materials? Can you name

them?

3.How can materials be classified in the solid state?

4.What do mechanical properties, such as impact strength, hardness, creep and fatigue resistance depend on?

5.What do physical properties of materials primarily depend on?

GRAMMAR FOCUS

The passive. Revision:

TASK 12. REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING THE VERB PHRASES IN ITALICS IN THE PASSIVE:

1.Researchers can describe any particular material by its behavior.

2.We refer to the properties of materials as structure-sensitive or struc- ture-insensitive.

3.Scientists classify materials in the solid state as metals, polymers, ceramics and composites.

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