Тесты по английскому языку грамматика, лексика, аудирование

APPENDIX 3 251

selling cloth door-to-door in my town; after that, I started traveling all over the island selling things to people and slowly I started getting ideas about what kind of products the different markets wanted, and I started making contacts. When I was twenty-one, I left my wife and two children at home and moved to Jakarta to set up my own business, selling all kinds of machines, but particularly propellers for boats. There are over thirteen thousand islands in Indonesia, so there’s a huge market for that kind of thing.

‘It was really hard work. I didn’t have any money of my own, so I lied and told the bank I had a contract, so that they’d lend me money. I told the companies I wanted to order from I had money, so that they’d sell to me. I even had to tell the companies I wanted to sell to that I had suppliers, so that they’d order from me. I was telling so many lies that it was really difficult trying to remember who I had told what! Luckily for me, I had some friends in high places and I had a word with them and they helped me get import licences, which meant I ended up cornering the market in propellers. Business was booming and I could finally afford to bring my wife and family over to join me. That wasn’t the end of the story, though.’

‘First of all, I’ve had to do all the things every businessman has to do: pay taxes and wage bills, meet deadlines, deal with workers and officials. On top of all that, though, I’ve also had to deal with all sorts of other problems too: my shops have been attacked and burned in anti-Chinese riots and the economy hasn’t been very good, either. The last ten years haven’t been the most stable! We’ve had really high inflation and we’ve seen the value of our currency drop from three thousand rupiah to the dollar to eighteen thousand to the dollar! How are you supposed to run a business with things like that going on? It’s madness!’

‘Anyway, here I am today — a wealthy man! The only real problem I’ve got now is who’s going to take over the business when I retire. I’d like my son to run it, but he’s not really tough enough to do it! I think perhaps his childhood was too easy, and that’s made him a bit too soft to do work like this!’

Test 4. What’s Your Type?

Alfonso (Mexico)

I’m really attracted to Scandinavian girls — tall, blonde, sporty, outgoing, the complete opposite of me! I used to like older girls, but I’ve had a few bad experiences, so now I’m looking for something different. My ideal partner now would be five or six years younger than me. I also want somebody who is independent, who doesn’t always need to be near me, and I think that the girls I’ve met from Sweden or Norway or Denmark tend to be very strong-willed. The only thing I’m worried about is that perhaps they would find me a bit quiet and shy. I’m not very confident about myself, so that could be a problem.

252 APPENDIX 3

Rie (Japan)

I don’t really have a type. The most important thing for me is that my partner is nice and sensitive and caring. I’d never go out with someone who was selfish or big-headed. It doesn’t really matter to me whether somebody is good-looking or not, so long as they’re not too ugly! I’d never go out with a man who didn’t look after himself, though. It’s important that he’s healthy, that he watches what he eats and that he’s fairly fit!

Chiara (Italy)

I want someone who likes clothes. I work in the fashion industry in Milan, so the way someone dresses is really important to me. I’d never go out with someone who didn’t care about the way they looked. I used to like really goodlooking men, but I’ve changed my mind about that, because they tend to be so big-headed! I also really love music, so I’d never go out with someone who didn’t like music. If I’m honest, I’m also attracted to younger men, so I’m looking for someone who’s maybe in their early twenties.

Lauren (Cameroon)

I’m a married man, so I’m the wrong person to ask a question like this to, really. When I was single, I used to think I wanted somebody who was easy to talk to, somebody who understood me and how I was feeling, somebody who was serious and religious, like I am — and then I met my wife, and she was everything I was looking for, and more! I can’t believe how lucky I’ve been, but then I have to say that, or she’ll kill me!

Thorset (German)

To be honest, I’m too old now to be fussy, really. I want anybody who will have me! I used to worry about the kind of person that was right for me and I used to think I wanted somebody who was slim and sexy and intelligent and who had her own money and her own job and things like that, but now I’ve reached my forties and I’m still single, I’ve lowered my standards! It’s taken me a long time, but I’ve realised that I’m not the bestlooking man in the world, or the richest, and so I’d be happy just meeting someone who liked me! Sad, isn’t it!

Seon-Hee (Korea)

I know this sounds strange, but all I really want is someone with nice hands! I used to go out with this man who played the piano, and he had really beautiful hands — long, slim fingers, but really strong as well. Mm! I’d never go out with somebody who had short, fat, little fingers. I just couldn’t.

Test 5. Invent your way to riches

‘All you have to do is make a better mousetrap and the world will come running to your door,’ said the American writer, Ralph Waldo Emerson.

APPENDIX 3 253

Sadly this isn’t true, as thousands of inventors in the United Kingdom find out every year. Making a financial suc cess out of your initial ideas can be a complicated and time-consuming process. But for some, the rewards make the effort well worthwhile. Dr Ruben Rausing, inventor of the modern cardboard drinks carton, made a fortune from his invention, and the creators of Trivial Pursuit also became multi-millionaires.

However, when it comes to inventing, a number of difficulties stand in the way. For example, obtaining a ‘patent’ can be complicated — a company must be found to develop and market the product, and of course international sales must be considered as well. The first step, ideally, is to look for a gap in the commercial markets and then invent something to fill that gap.

The company Inventorlink receives over a thousand ideas every year and helps about 300 inventors to take their ideas further. Their inventions range from small developments in everyday tools to a giant £300,000 oil separator for the use in the North sea to clean water which has become mixed with oil.

According to Richard Payne, marketing manager of Inventorlink, inventors come in two different types. Half of them are experts who have seen a use for their product, the other half are talented amateurs who have just had an idea.

For most inventors with a good idea the first thought is to get a patent. This is vital, but Richard Payne says he prefers to talk to inventors before they’ve applied for one. ‘Patents are expensive, and we like to give the inventor some idea of whether the invention has a chance of being successful before they spend money.’

What are the characteristics of a successful invention? ‘It’s original and it’s wanted,’ says Richard Payne firmly. ‘There are three things that inventors all too often overlook. First you have to sit down and ask yourself whether there’s a market for it. Secondly, can it be made economically? There has to be a really big profit margin to persuade a manager to take it up. And finally, if you really want to make money, is it a one-time product or can it be developed to keep sales going on for years?’

In reality the chances of coming up with a total success are very small. For example, in the games market ‘Monopoly’ was the best-selling board game last year, almost 60 years after it was invented. It’s very difficult for new ideas to be accepted. Yet still some ideas make it through all the barriers and end up making millions for their inventors.

KEYS TO GRAMMAR TESTS

Placement Test

1. b; 2. c; 3. a; 4. b; 5. d; 6. d; 7. c; 8. c; 9. a; 10. c; 11. d; 12. c; 13. c; 14. c; 15. b; 16. a; 17. b; 18. d; 19. a; 20. c; 21. d; 22. a; 23. a; 24. b; 25. b; 26. d; 27. c; 28. c; 29. b; 30. a; 31. a; 32. b; 33. d; 34. a; 35. d; 36. b; 37. b; 38. d; 39. a; 40. b; 41. c; 42. b; 43. a; 44. b; 45. a; 46. d; 47. b; 48. a; 49. b; 50. b; 51. b; 52. c; 53. b; 54. c; 55. b; 56. a; 57. a; 58. c; 59. d; 60. b; 61. a; 62. b; 63. d; 64. a; 65. a; 66. d; 67. b; 68. c; 69. d; 70. c; 71. a; 72. b; 73. d; 74. b; 75. c; 76. b; 77. c; 78. a; 79. d; 80. d; 81. b; 82. c; 83. d; 84. a; 85.c; 86. d; 87. a; 88. d; 89. b; 90. c; 91. c; 92. b; 93. a; 94. d; 95. c; 96. c; 97. b; 98. a; 99. c; 100. b.

Beginners’ 1

1.1. is; 2. am; 3. am; 4. have; 5. are; 6. is; 7. is; 8. have; 9. are; 10. is; 11.  has; 12. have.

2.1. How are you? 2. What is your name? 3. How old are you? 4. Where are you from? 5. What is your home city? 6. What are you?/What do you do?

7.What is your telephone number?

4.1. My; 2. I; 3. It; 4. He; 5. his; 6. They; 7. She; 8. her; 9. Their; 10.  Our.

5.a) Football is his favourite sport. b) She is tall and slim with long fair hair. c) What is your job? d) I am not good at tennis. e) London is the capital of Great Britain.

6.1. Moscow — not a country; 2. passenger — not a job; 3. pen friend — not a relative; 4. outgoing — not a feature of appearance; 5. your — not a personal pronoun; 6. foot — irregular noun; 7. boring — negative meaning.

7.1e; 2a; 3b; 4k; 5h; 6i; 7g; 8f; 9d; 10c; 11j.

9.1. is; 2. to; 3. Where; 4. France; 5. about; 6. Italy; 7. job; 8. a; 9. at; 10.  driving.

10.a) do you come; b) years old; c) you; d) are/sport; e) a; f) How do you do?  — How do you do?/How are you? — I’m fine. g) teeth; h) twenty second; i) in Russia; j) interested.

Beginners’ 2

1. 1. is; 2. does … do; 3. is; 4. does … live; 5. has; 6. Is; 7. is; 8. works; 9. Do

…have; 10. are; 11. go; 12. Does … teach; 13. doesn’t work; 14. go; 15. Do

…meet; 16. am; 17. don’t have.

KEYS TO GRAMMAR TESTS 255

2. 1. Where do you live? 2. What do you do?/What are you?/What’s your job?/Where do you work? 3. How often do you go to work? 4. Do you like your job? 5. What do you do in your free time?

4.clean — dirty; cold — hot; easy — difficult; good — bad; light — dark/ heavy; low — high; loud — quiet; old — young; open — closed; poor — rich; right — wrong; slow — fast; small — big; tall — short; thin — thick; wet — dry.

5.1. time — not material; 2. those — not a verb; 3. garage — not a room in the house; 4. car — not public transport; 5. washing-up — not a free-time activity.

6.1. from; 2. in; 3. in; 4. to; 5. from; 6. to; 7. in; 8. at; 9. On; 10. in.

7.1b; 2a; 3b; 4b; 5d; 6a; 7c.

Beginners’ 3

1.1. am; 2. came; 3. love; 4. are; 5. went; 6. is; 7. walked; 8. have; 9. cooks;

10.invited; 11. enjoyed; 12. think.

2.1. When were you born? 2. When did you go to school? 3. What did you do after school? 4. Are you married? 4. When did you get married? 5.  What does your husband do? 6. Do you have any children? 7. When was she born?

4.a) What do you usually have for breakfast? b) What time do you have a break for lunch? c) She never goes to work by car. d) I am sometimes late for work. e) They don’t get up early on Saturday morning.

5.1. on; 2. –; 3. –; 4. at; 5. at, in; 6. on; 7. on; 8. at; 9. in.

6.a) It’s midday/noon. b) It’s five past one. c) It’s a quarter past two. d)  It’s half past four. e) It’s a quarter to five. f) It’s ten to seven. g) It’s midnight.

7.1. a; 2. idea; 3. for; 4. do; 5. some; 6. much; 7. kilo; 8. loaf; 9. else; 10.  bottle; 11. don’t; 12. What; 13. many; 14. on.

8.catch a bus; come back home; go shopping; have a shower; do housework; drive a car; make breakfast.

Beginners’ 4

1c; 2c; 3a; 4a; 5a; 6d; 7c; 8b; 9a; 10d; 11b; 12b; 13c; 14c; 15c; 16d; 17b; 18 c; 19c; 20 a; 21 a; 22 d; 23 c; 24d; 25d; 26b; 27d; 28d; 29b; 30b; 31a; 32c; 33d; 34d; 35a; 36c; 37b; 38a; 39c; 40b; 41d; 42c; 43d; 44d; 45c; 46a; 47d; 48b; 49c; 50b; 51a; 52a; 53b; 54b; 55c; 56c; 57a; 58d; 59d; 60a.

Final Beginners’

1. 1. am; 2. is; 3. stayed; 4. had; 5. was; 6. decided; 7. are staying; 8. went; 9. saw; 10. visited; 11. took; 12. eat out; 13. be; 14. likes; 15. are going.

256 KEYS TO GRAMMAR TESTS

2. 1. Where are they? 2. Where did they stay last week? 3. How long did they stay there? 4. Why did they move? 5. Where are they staying now?

6.When did they visit the Aquarium? 7. What did they do yesterday? 8.  How often do they eat out? 9. What does Mark like? 10. Where are they going tonight?

4.a) have; b) make; c) take; d) study; e) work; f) do; g) go; h) play; i) ride; j) get.

6.1. on; 2. Is; 3. Let’s; 4. Why; 5. a; 6. at; 7. many; 8. about; 9. to; 10. to.

7.1. was he born; 2. does it take; 3. cost; 4. on the thirteenth; 5. Next year;

6.in Green Street; 7. much; 8. am not; 9. are; 10. did you last go.

8.Suggested letter:

Dear Kate,

Hello from Saint Petersburg! I came here last week. The weather is great. I am having a fantastic time here! I am staying at the Astoria hotel. Every morning I go jogging along the streets in the centre of the city. In the afternoon I usually go to the museums or art exhibitions. In the evening I go to the theatres. There are a lot of places to visit.

Last week I went to Tsarskoye Selo. I walked in the parks and took a lot of photos there. And yesterday I went to the Mariinsky theatre. It was so impressive!

At the moment I am having a little break. Tonight I’m going to a party, a friend of mine invited me.

I’m coming back on Sunday. See you.

Love,

Alex

Elementary 1

1.1. c; 2. c; 3. d; 4. b; 5. e; 6. c; 7. b; 8. b; 9. a; 10. b; 11. c; 12. e; 13. b; 14.  e; 15. a; 16. a; 17. d; 18. d; 19. b; 20. c.

2.a) What’s your name? b) Where are you from? c) Where do you live? d) Are you married? e) What’s your wife’s name? f) Do you have any children? g) How old are they? h) What do you do? i) What is your wife? j) How do you spend your free time?

4.a) Where are they from? b) How old is your mother? c) He does not work on Sundays. d) Is it a blue car? e) Where does your father work? f) My wife isn’t a nurse. g) What is your sister’s name? h) What colour is your house? i) I am not very tall. j) What are you good at?

5.1. name; 2. meet; 3. do; 4. a; 5. do; 6. children; 7. son; 8. like; 9. height;

10.hair; 11. eyes; 12. at; 13. live; 14. at; 15. own; 16. There; 17. Is; 18. in;

19.door; 20. neighbours.

7.1. yours; 2. cannot speak; 3. rains; 4. does; 5. is; 6. on; 7. do you; 8.  What a nice day! 9. sheep; 10. at.

KEYS TO GRAMMAR TESTS 257

Elementary 2

1.1. lives; 2. is; 3. doesn’t live; 4. doesn’t like; 5. left; 6. are; 7. don’t go;

8.sees; 9. began; 10. was; 11. had; 12. weren’t; 13. stayed; 14. started;

15.play.

2.1. When do you get up? 2. What do you have for breakfast? 3. How do you get to work? 4. Why did you take a taxi? 5. How long does it take you to get to work? 6. Where do you work? 7. When do you finish work? 8.  What do you do after work? 9. Do you like your job? 10. Would you like

to change it?

3.1. c; 2. a; 3. b; 4. c; 5. e; 6. b; 7. c; 8. d; 9. d; 10. a.

4.1. Can; 2. half; 3. are; 4. They; 5. Would; 6. cost; 7. per; 8. anything; 9.  change; 10. purchase.

5.1c; 2a; 3j; 4i; 5b; 6d; 7e; 8f; 9g; 10h.

6.1d; 2i; 3h; 4b; 5c; 6f; 7e; 8a; 9g; 10j.

8. a. a little/some; b. a little/some; c. couldn’t; d. didn’t rain; e. was; f. cost; g. at; h. last Tuesday; i. some; j. beer.

Elementary 3

1.1. am writing; 2. came; 3. spend; 4. am sitting; 5. is having; 6. came; 7.  went; 8. are going; 9. likes; 10. prefer; 11. are coming back; 12. will go;

13.hates; 14. felt; 15. will call.

2.1. Who is the richest man in the world? 2. What broke?* 3. Who do you live with? 4. Which of you can speak English?* 5. What is the weather like? (*possible questions)

3.1. h; 2. d; 3. g; 4. j; 5. c; 6. f; 7. e; 8. a; 9. b; 10. i.

4.Possible answers: 1. Moscow is much bigger than SPb; 2. There are fewer people in SPb than in Moscow; 3. SPb is not as old as Moscow; 4. SPb is less expensive than Moscow; 5. Life in SPb is better than in Moscow. 6. SPb is not as noisy as Moscow. 7. Moscow is much more polluted than SPb.

5.1. the; 2. a, the; 3. a, the; 4. the, a; 5. the, a; 6. — , the; 7. the, the.

6.1. b; 2. a; 3. e; 4. g; 5. h; 6. c; 7. i; 8. f; 9. j; 10. d.

7.1. at; 2. for; 3. for; 4. by; 5. with; 6. at; 7. on, to; 8. at; 9. along/up/ down.

8.1. Were you scared; 2. was your city like; 3. Does it often rain; 4. you went; 5. well; 6. leaves; 7. Moscow; 8. a larger; 9. badly; 10. older.

Final Elementary

1. 1. have received; 2. asked; 3. are having; 4. am going to make; 5. am; 6.  will be; 7. am working; 8. have worked; 9. is; 10. wasn’t easy; 11. left; 12. is; 13. has; 14. is coming; 15. is arriving; 16. will be; 17. Do you want;

258 KEYS TO GRAMMAR TESTS

18. have you passed; 19. Are you planning; 20. do you get on/are you getting on?

2.1. How long will it take you to fix dinner? 2. When did you move to SPb?

3.Have you ever driven a car? 4. Why are you late? 5. How often does Tom go to the gym? 6. What is your mother like?

3.1. a; 2. a; 3. the; 4. –; 5. a; 6. the; 7. a; 8. the; 9. the; 10. the; 11. the; 12.  –; 13. the; 14. the; 15. the; 16. the; 17. the; 18. the; 19. the; 20. the.

4.1. anything; 2. nobody; 3. somewhere; 4. which; 5. mine; 6. much; 7.  many; 8. a few; 9. little; 10. a little; 11. few.

5.1. ages; 2. holiday; 3. staying; 4. the; 5. visited; 6. far; 7. not; 8. arrived; 9. ago; 10. would.

6.1. to, on; 2. to, on; 3. past, between/opposite; 4. on; 5. for; 6. for.

7.a) taller; b) worse; c) old; d) more expensive; e) the tastiest; f) the farthest; g) less, better.

8.a) You should sleep more; b) You mustn’t play with matches; c) Does he have to get up early? d) We might go to Turkey; e) Can she make pies? f)  He is rich. He doesn’t have to work.

9.1. Is he; 2. does; 3. There are a lot of people…; 4. any; 5. were; 6. I don’t like this book very much; 7. first; 8. smaller; 9. well; 10. them.

Pre-Intermediate 1

1.1. am writing; 2. received; 3. is; 4. are having; 5. came; 6. spend; 7. have been; 8. haven’t seen; 9. were climbing; 10. was shining; 11. was blowing;

12.are coming; 13. will go; 14. will call.

2.1. How many rooms are there in your flat? 2. What did you buy? 3. Do you like playing football? 4. Have you ever flown by plane? 5. Why will you go there? 6. How long does it take you to relax after work? 7. What

nationality are you?

3.1. are; 2. thank; 3. name; 4. am; 5. were; 6. was; 7. leave; 8. ago; 9. did;

10.that; 11. as; 12. do; 13. is; 14. got; 15. have; 16. am; 17. any; 18. a; 19.  will; 20. in.

4.1. the smartest; 2. worse; 3. modern; 4. faster; 5. expensive; 6. the most delicious; 7. fewer; 8. farthest; 9. harder, better.

5.1. anything; 2. nobody; 3. somewhere; 4. some, any; 5. Which; 6. yours;

7.much; 8. a lot of; 9. many; 10. much; 11. a few; 12. little; 13. a little;

14.few.

6.1. d; 2. o; 3. i; 4. b; 5. a; 6. l; 7. e; 8. k; 9. c; 10. n; 11. f; 12. j; 13. g; 14.  m; 15. h.

7.1. per; 2. out of; 3. in, by; 4. back; 5. for; 6. at; 7. on; 8. on.

8.1. are you; 2. takes; 3. does; 4. much; 5. don’t have; 6. third; 7. were stolen; 8. loaves; 9. Bill and Jill’s; 10. will open.

KEYS TO GRAMMAR TESTS 259

Pre-Intermediate 2

1.1. am writing; 2. have; 3. have just bought; 4. are going; 5. haven’t been; 6. are leaving; 7. am; 8. will have; 9. hates; 10. was flying; 11. was suffering; 12. have never been; 13. am looking; 14. come; 15. will write.

2.1. How long does it take you to get to work? 2. Why did you move here?

3.Do you know him? 4. Have you ever been to Italy? 5. When are you getting married?

3.a) doesn’t she; b) can he; c) have they; d) didn’t you; e) wasn’t it.

4.a) little; b) a few; c) a little; d) a few; e) few.

5.1. the; 2. the; 3. the; 4. the; 5. a; 6. –; 7. –; 8. the; 9. the; 10. a.

6.1. The staff has/have just been informed; 2. The jeans are being washed;

3.A bottle of champagne will be bought; 4. It must be done…; 5. The homework was being done…; 6. This company has opened a new chain of restaurants; 7. Nobody has lived in this house for …; 8. I found the ring…

9.Granny wakes the kids up…; 10. You should drink this mixture…

7.1. let’s; 2. idea; 3. need; 4. will/can; 5. make; 6. run; 7. much; 8.  any; 9.  some; 10. little/no; 11. left; 12. some; 13. few; 14. both; 15. much; 16.  note; 17. enough.

8.1. suffers from; 2. treated for; 3. apply to; 4. taken to; 5. operated on;

6.gargle with; 7. aching over; 8. walking on; 9. went down; 10. treatment of.

9.1b; 2h; 3f; 4j; 5i; 6c; 7m; 8a; 9d; 10e; 11k; 12l; 13g.

10.1. was she born; 2. been to; 3. the; 4. are there; 5. has he; 6. I didn’t like this film very much; 7. I’d like to go; 8. does it take you; 9. does it cost;

10.is.

Pre-Intermediate 3

1.1. am writing; 2. has been raining; 3. rains; 4. has rained; 5. came; 6.  am staying; 7. stayed; 8. sends/sent; 9. will rent/would rent; 10. have met; 11.  came;12.arestudying;13.havelived;14.don’tallspeak;15.  amhaving;

16.am; 17. won’t have; 18. have picked up; 19. have; 20. am forgetting.

2.a) Does it often rain in SPb? b) Has it stopped raining? c) How often do you go to the dentist? d) How long did it take you to get to the place? e)  How much did it cost you?

3.a) boring; b) embarrassed; c) safe; d) angrily; e) high; f) hard; g) hardly; h) fast; i) lately; j) well.

4.1. The police have just been called; 2. The stairs are being done at the moment; 3. 5 exams will be taken; 4. It must be drunk immediately; 5.  Dinner was being cooked from 6 to 7; 6. They are building a new school in the area; 7. Nobody has visited this place for a long time; 8. I left the glasses on the windowsill; 9. Granny meets the kids from school; 10. You should take this medicine twice a day.

260 KEYS TO GRAMMAR TESTS

 5. 1. the; 2. the; 3. –; 4. the; 5. –; 6. –; 7. –; 8. the; 9. the; 10. a; 11. a; 12.  the; 13. the; 14. the; 15. –; 16. the; 17. –; 18. –; 19. –; 20. –.

 6. 1. in; 2. at; 3. as/while/when; 4. on; 5. into; 6. who; 7. both.

 7. Jane said she worked as a sales manager.

she wasn’t working at that moment as she was on holiday. she (had) got that place a year before.

she had never been abroad.

if she got promotion she would go to France.

 8. 1. c; 2. b; 3. b; 4. b; 5. c.

 9. 1m; 2h; 3k; 4j; 5g; 6b; 7c; 8f; 9e; 10l; 11i; 12d; 13a.

10. a) put it; b) had; c) at; d) it last snowed; e) don’t they; f) those; g) shall we; h) I have wanted; i) the other; j) don’t.

Final Pre-Intermediate

1.am writing; 2. have been staying; 3. have worked; 4. arrived; 5. had stayed; 6. was robbed; 7. was looking; 8. move; 9. looked; 10. had taken;

11.am staying; 12. lives; 13. has offered; 14. is being redecorated; 15. am; 16. will be; 17. have already arranged; 18. am moving; 19. to come; 20.  make up; 21. come/came; 22. will have/would have.

2.1. doing; 2. speak; 3. interested; 4. looking; 5. hear; 6. later; 7. boring;

8.safe; 9. well; 10. little; 11. few; 12. some; 13. another.

3.1. the; 2. the; 3. the; 4. –; 5. –; 6. a; 7. –; 8. the; 9. –; 10. a; 11. –; 12.  the; 13. the; 14. –; 15. a; 16. a; 17. –; 18. The; 19. –; 20. –.

4.1. help; 2. looking; 3. would; 4. some; 5. colour; 6. try; 7. fit; 8. size; 9.  about; 10. suit.

5.a) The lecturer wasn’t listened to; b) John is always being laughed at; c)  Has this room been slept in lately? d) Their grandmother will be taken care of; e) Many houses are built every year.

6.1. from; 2. for; 3. from; 4. back; 5. in; 6. on; 7. on; 8. into/for; 9. around;

10.on.

7.a) She begged not to make her cry; b) My friend asked me where I had been; c) The hostess asked if we (had) slept well; d) The teacher said kangaroos live in Australia; e) Dad promised to pick her up after school; f)  He asked to open the door; g) She said she was not going to pay for it/ She refused to pay for it.

8.1. You should sleep more; 2. You mustn’t offend girls; 3. Does she have to look after her younger brother? 4. The concert is to begin at seven; 5. He might become a doctor. 6. Can your wife knit? 7. He has a car, he doesn’t have to use public transport; 8. It must be the director.

9.a) I don’t have to get up; b) much cheaper; c) I would certainly marry; d)  It was; e) such an; f) If it rains; g) will you; h) used; i) who; j) did you say?