Тесты по английскому языку грамматика, лексика, аудирование

Modal

Translation

Example

Time

не может быть

He can’t have written a book. Не мо-

Past

вряд ли

жет быть, что он написал книгу.

He can’t have been writing his book for

Perfect

a year.

meaning

Не может быть, что он пишет книгу

уже год.

He can’t be writing a book now.

Present

Не может быть, что он пишет сейчас

книгу.

He can’t like writing books.

Не может быть, что он любит писать

книги.

He isn’t likely to write a book. Вряд

Future

ли он напишет книгу.

не может

+ не

He can’t have failed to write a book.

Past

быть

Не может быть, что он не написал

книгу.

It can’t be that he isn’t writing a book.

Present

Не может быть, что он не пишет

книгу.

It can’t be that he won’t write a book.

Future

Не может быть, что он не напишет

книгу.

Active

Passive

Indefinite

to go

to be taken

to take

Continuous

to be going

to be taking

Perfect

to have gone

to have been taken

to have taken

Perfect Cont

to have been going

to have been taking

Active

Passive

Indefinite

writing

being written

Perfect

having written

having been written

Active

Passive

Indefinite

writing

being written

Perfect

having written

having been written

Words/phrases followed by a

Example

bare infinitive

Auxiliaries:

I don’t like rock music.

do, will, would

I will call you tomorrow.

When a child I would go to the park with my mum.

Modals: can, may, must,

I can go there right now.

need, should, would, will,

You should be careful.

shall

Would you like a cup of coffee?

Modal expressions:

She would sooner die than come back.

had better, would rather,

You’d better leave me alone!

would sooner

I’d rather go to bed.

Complex object: after see,

I felt somebody touch me.

watch, observe, notice, hear,

He heard the door open.

feel

I saw him come into the room.

Verbs of inducement:

Let me tell you something.

let, make, have (*only in the

Don’t make me cry.

active)

I’ll have Hudson show you into your room.

But-phrases: cannot but, do

Did you do anything but ask questions?

anything but, do nothing but,

They did nothing but listen to him.

couldn’t but

Comparative formulas

I think he does little more than come at work, give

instructions and go home.

APPENDIX 1

203

Why-sentences

Why wait until then?

Why not begin at once?

All + be + bare inf.

All he did was open the door.

What + be + bare inf.

What we need is buy a new flat.

Subjunctive mood

I suggested that she give up driving.

I demand that all the birds be loosed.

The rules require that you come to work at 8.

He’s proposed that I become his partner.

I recommend that you buy a more powerful computer.

Verbs

+ Gerund

+ Infinitive

begin, start

процесс:

a) inf — гл. умств. деят. и чувств:

It started drizzling.

I began to feel cold.

b) подлеж. — неодуш. сущ.

The barometer began to fall.

c) после времен Continuous:

It’s starting to snow.

go on

продолжение той же дея-

смена деятельность в ходе про-

тельности:

цесса:

They went on laughing.

After discussing the exams they

went on to talk about the party.

stop

завершение процесса:

с инфинитивом цели («чтобы»):

She stopped crying and

He stopped to smoke.

smiled.

like

«нравиться» (о привычке):

a) «считать полезным/нужным»:

I like cooking.

I like to get up early.

b) о чем-то конкретном:

I like to swim in this lake.

loathe

в общем:

в частности:

(не выносить)

I loathe travelling by air.

I loathe to have to do this dirty work.

hate

«ненавидеть»:

«сожалеть» (в извинениях):

I hate going by public trans-

I hate to trouble you, but I have to

port.

tell you something unpleasant.

remember

«вспоминать» о прошлом:

«вспоминать» = «не забыть»:

I remember seeing you some-

He remembered to post the letter.

where.

forget

«забыть» = «не помнить»:

«забыть» = «не сделать»:

He forgot calling me but I re-

Don’t forget to call me tomorrow.

minded him.

Verbs

+ Gerund

+ Infinitive

regret

«сожалеть» о прошлых дей-

«к сожалению» (в извинениях):

ствиях:

I regret to tell you that your wife

I regret saying that you were

died.

mistaken.

try

«пробовать»:

«пытаться» (прилагать усилия):

Try jogging in the morning, it

Try to get here by noon.

might help.

prefer

в общем (привычка):

частный случай:

I prefer walking to cycling.

I prefer to wait here.

mean

«значить»:

«намереваться», «хотеть»:

Being a parent means feeling

She means to buy a new car soon.

responsible.

be afraid of

«бояться», т. к. может слу-

не хотеть что-то делать, т. к. это

читься что-то плохое:

опасно или неприятно:

I don’t like dogs. I’m afraid of

He was afraid to go to the police as

being bitten.

he knew they would hold him.

consider

«размышлять»:

«считать»:

I consider going to Greece.

I consider him to be clever.

remind

+of: напоминать о чем-то

напомнить ч.-л. сделать:

прошлом:

She reminded me to feed the dog.

She reminded me of missing

the date.

want

«надо ч.-т. сделать»:

«хотеть»:

The windows want cleaning.

I want to sleep.

recommend

без объекта:

с объектом:

I recommend drinking it.

I recommend her to drink it.

Подле-

Сказуемое

Infinitive (часть подлежащего)

жащее

is/was known (известно, что)

to have left.

совершившееся

thought (думают, что)

действие

considered (полагают, что)

to have been work-

действие нача-

He

seen (видели, как)

heard (слышали, как)

ing…

лось в прошлом и

said (говорят, что)

продолжается до

reported (сообщают, что)

сих пор

APPENDIX 1

205

Подле-

Сказуемое

Infinitive (часть подлежащего)

жащее

seems/seemed (кажется, что)

to be leaving.

действие совер-

proves/proved (он оказался)

шается или пла-

turns out/turned out (он ока-

нируется

зался)

to know about it.

состояние в на-

happens/happened (он оказал-

ся)

стоящем

doesn’t seem, doesn’t prove,

to leave soon.

будущее действие

didn’t happen

COMPLEX OBJECT. СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ

Подлeжащее + сказуемое +

объектное местоимение/сущ-е + (to) infinitive

Verbs

Form of

Example

the Inf.

know, think,

I know him to be an honest man.

believe,

Я знаю, что он честный человек.

consider,

She believed him to have left for Moscow.

expect,

Она думала, что он уехал в Москву.

suppose, etc.

The boss considers me to be a professional.

Начальник считает меня профессионалом.

Inf. с to

like, love,

I’d love you to come with me.

hate, dislike,

Я бы хотел, чтобы ты пошла со мной.

etc.

She hated him to be sent there.

Она не хотела, чтобы его посылали туда.

want, wish

I don’t want him to be punished.

Я не хочу, чтобы его наказывали.

make, let

Mom made him eat the soup.

Мама заставила его съесть суп.

We’ll let them go out.

Inf. без to

Мы выпустим их.

see, hear,

I didn’t hear you say that.

feel, watch,

Я не слышал, чтобы ты говорила это.

notice, etc.

I saw him come in.

Я видел, как он вошел.

APPENDIX 1

207

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

‘We have finished,’ they said.

They said they had finished.

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

‘I have been working hard

She said she had been working

since morning,’ she said.

hard since morning.

Past Simple

Past Perfect/Past Simple

‘I did it at 10,’ he said.

He said he had done it at 10.

Will

Would

‘I will call you,’ she said.

She said she would call me.

here

there

now

then

this, these

that, those

today, tonight

that day, that night

tomorrow

the next day

yesterday

the day before

last week

the week before

next week

the following week

ago

before

will

would

can

could (would be able to)

may

might

shall

should

Общий вопрос

Специальный вопрос

‘Do you go to school?’

‘Where do you live?’

She asked me if I

went

to school.

I asked him where he

lived

.

Без отрицания

С отрицанием

‘Open the door,’ he said.

‘Don’t open the door,’ he said.

He told me to open the door.

He told me not to open the door.

Reporting

Translation

Direct speech

Reported speech

verb

1. V + inf

agree

соглашаться

‘OK, I’ll do it.’

He agreed to do it.

claim

заявлять

‘I know him.’

She claimed to know him.

demand

требовать

‘Let me go.’

He demanded to let him go.

offer

предлагать

‘I’ll give you a lift.’

She offered to give me a

lift.

promise

обещать

‘I’ll pay you back.’

He promised to pay me

back.

refuse

отказываться

‘No, we won’t do it.’

We refused to do it.

threaten

угрожать

‘I’ll tell mom.’

She threatened to tell mom.

APPENDIX 1

209

Reporting

Translation

Direct speech

Reported speech

verb

2. V + smb + inf

advise

советовать

‘You should sleep

She advised me to sleep

more.’

more.

allow

позволять

‘You can go now.’

She allowed me to go.

beg

умолять

‘Please, help me.’

I begged to help me.

command

приказывать

‘Stand up!’

He commanded to stand

up.

forbid

запрещать

‘Don’t go there.’

He forbade us to go…

invite

приглашать

‘Will you come to the

She invited me to the

party?’

party.

order

приказывать

‘Go to your room.’

He ordered me to go…

remind

напоминать

‘Don’t forget to call

He reminded me to call

me.’

him.

warn

предупреждать

‘Don’t touch it.’

I warned her not to touch…

3. V + ing

accuse (of)

обвинять

‘You killed him!’

She accused me of killing

him.

admit

признавать(ся)

‘I’ve told her.’

He admitted telling her.

apologize (for)

извиняться

‘I’m sorry I’m late.’

He apologized for being

late.

boast (about/

хвастать

‘I’m the smartest!’

He boasted of being the

of)

smartest.

complain (of)

жаловаться

‘I’m having a head-

She complained of hav-

ache.’

ing…

confess (to)

признаваться

‘I took the money.’

He confessed to taking…

deny

отрицать

‘I don’t know her!’

He denied knowing her.

forbid (from)

запрещать

‘Don’t come in.’

He forbade me from com-

ing in.

insist on

настаивать

‘I will pay.’

He insisted on his paying.

suggest

предлагать

‘Let’s go out.’

They suggested going out.

CONDITIONALS. УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

Type

Subordinate Clause (придаточное

Main Clause (главное

предложение — условие)

предложение — следствие)

1

If you come,

we will go out.

БЫ

Present Simple/Cont./Perfect

Future Simple

Если придешь, мы куда-нибудь сходим.

Future (будущее)

Type

Subordinate Clause (придаточное

Main Clause (главное

предложение — условие)

предложение — следствие)

2

If you came,

we would go out.

БЫ

Past Simple/Continuous

would + V

Если бы ты пришел, мы бы куда-нибудь сходили.

(возможно, сходим, если придешь)

Present/Future/No particular time

3

If you had came yesterday,

we would have gone out.

БЫ

Past Perfect

would have + V3

Если бы ты вчера пришел, мы бы куда-нибудь сходили.

(но поезд ушел)

Past (прошлое)

1 mixed

If you were not so absent-

you would have called him.

БЫ

minded,

Past Simple

would have + V3

Если бы ты не был так рассеян,

ты бы ему позвонил.

Present/no particular time

Past (прошлое)

(настоящее)

2 mixed

If you had booked the tickets,

we would be in Greece now.

БЫ

Past Perfect

would + V

Если бы ты купил билеты, мы бы сейчас были в Греции.

Past (прошлое)

Present (настоящее)