Профессиональный английский язык для экономистов. Учебное пособие

140.Posting is entering items in account books or ledgers from temporary records such as journals

141.Product is a commercially distributed commodity

142.Productivity is a measure of the effective use of resources, usually expressed as the ratio of output to input

143.Profit is the difference between the price received for a product and its cost

144.Profitability is the ability of a business to earn profits

145.Profit and Loss account (P&L) is a financial statement which shows the profit or loss made by a company during the accounting period

146.Promotion is a number of techniques used to make product known to custom-

ers

147.Provisions are a future obligation that is uncertain in amount and timing, such as the funding of a shortfall in a company pension fund

customer expectations

149. Rate of return is the amount of profit, interest or dividend received from an investment expressed as a percentage

150. Ratio is the relation between two quantities expressed as the number of times one is greater than the other

151. Ratio analysis is the use of various ratios to monitor the ongoing progress of a business

152. Raw materials are minerals, metals, agricultural goods extracted from the ground and used in industry

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153.Receipt is a document showing that money has been paid or goods received

154.Receivables are amounts owed to a company by its customers and usually collectable within one year

155.Remuneration is money paid for work or a service

156.Retail is the sale of goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale

157. Return on investment (ROI) is the amount earned in direct proportion to the capital invested

158.Revenue is the inflow of assets from providing goods and services of custom-

ers

159.Role play is acting out in a simulated situation such as a training program

160.Salary is a fixed amount of money paid each month by the employer

161.Securities are saleable papers traded on stock exchanges that yield an income, dividend, interest

162.Share (GB) or stock (US) is a security representing a portion of the nominal capital of a company

163.Shareholder (GB) or stockholder (US) is the owner of a share or stock

164.Simulation is job sequences, where similar conditions are made according to that which occurs in the real course of job

165.Skill is a proficiency at being able to fulfill rather than just knowing how to do the task

166.Smuggling is importing or exporting secretly goods which are subject to duty

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167.Sole trader (GB) or sole proprietor (US) is one person business

168.Solvency is having sufficient cash when liabilities become due

169.Stock is goods stored ready for sale, raw materials, finished but unsold products in Britain

170.Strategies are plans for achieving organizational goals

171.Structure is the way in which a company is organized (centralized or decentralized)

172.Subsidiary is a company partly or wholly owned by a holding company or a parent company

173.Swap is a derivative contract through which two parties exchange financial instruments

174.SWOT is analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

175.Tangible assets are assets with a physical form, such as property, plant and equipment

176.Taxation is the transfer of money from individuals and companies to finance government expenditure

177.Tax accounting is calculating an individual s or a company’s liabilities for tax

178.Team is a group of people with different skills and tasks, who work together on a common project, service, a goal with a mutual support

179.Throughput is the amount of material that passes through a manufacturing process in a given time period

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180.Training is part of the organizations overall planning process and is in line with its goals

181.Transaction is a single business deal

182.Trial balance is a test to see whether all the debits and credits in a set of account books match

183.Total quality management (TQM) is a philosophy that involves everyone in an organization in a continual effort to improve quality and achieve customer satisfaction

184.Turnover is a business’s total sales revenue

185.Unit cost is the cost of producing a single item

186.Value-added tax (VAT) is a sales tax collected at each stage of production excluding the already-taxed costs from previous stages

187.Variable costs depend on the volume of output produced by a business

188.Variation refers to something that is slightly different from another of the same type

189.Venture capital or risk capital is money invested in a new business and thus open to a rather large risk of loss

190.Volatile is likely to change rapidly and often

191.Volatility is the ability to change rapidly and unpredictably

192.Vulnerability is the ability to be easily hurt, influenced, or attacked

193.Wage is money paid to manual workers (per hour or per day)

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194.Warehouse is a large building in which goods are stored by producers or wholesalers

195.Warranty is another word for a guarantee

196.Wealth is the stock of money or goods that a person or country possesses

197.Wholesale is the business of selling of goods in large quantities and at low prices, typically to be sold on by retailers at a profit

198.Working capital or funds is the stock of money (cash and liquid resources) required by a business to continue producing or trading

199.Yield is the rate of income an investor receives from a security

Abbreviations

1.A&L ‒ Asset and Liability

2.ARR ‒ Average Rate of Return

3.ATM ‒ Automatic Teller Machine

4.CEO ‒ Chief Executive Officer

5.CFO ‒ Chief Financial Officer

6.CMI ‒ Cost Management Index

7.COO ‒ Chief Operating Officer

8.EC ‒ European Community

9.EPS ‒ Earnings Per Share

10.FIGs ‒ Financial Industrial groups

11.Forex ‒ Foreign Exchange

12.GB ‒ Great Britain

13.GDP ‒ Gross Domestic Product

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14.HQ ‒ 1) headquarters; 2) high quality

15.HRM ‒ Human Resource Management

16.IC ‒ International Company

17.ID ‒ Identification Document

18.IMF ‒ International Monetary Fund

19.IPO ‒ Initial Public Offering

20.IRR ‒ Internal Rate of Return

21.IT ‒ Information Technology

22.JIT ‒ Just in Time

23.LLC ‒ Limited Liability Company

24.LTD ‒ Limited Liability

25.M&A ‒ Merger and Acquisition

26.MCQ ‒ Multiple Choice Questions

27.MNC ‒ Multi-national Cooperation

28.Opex ‒ Operating Expenditure

29.P&L ‒ Profit and Loss

30.PLC ‒ Public Limited Company

31.POS ‒ Point of Sale

32.PR – Public Relations

33.QA ‒ Quality Assurance

34.R&D ‒ Research and Development

35.ROI ‒ Return On Investment

36.SMART ‒ specific, measurable, agreed, realistic and timed

37.SWOT ‒ strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

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38.TQM ‒ Total Quality management

39.VAT ‒ Value Added Tax

40.WTO ‒ World Trade Organization

English-Russian Financial Vocabulary

1.Acid test ‒ серьезная проверка

2.Accounts receivable ‒ счета к получению

3.Accounts payable ‒ счета к оплате

4.Accrue ‒ прирастать, добавляться (о процентах, задолженности)

5.Accrual ‒ накопление, прирост

6.Accrual income ‒ начисленный доход

7.Acknowledge ‒ признать подлинным, подтвердить

8.Allocate ‒ распределять (средства, ресурсы)

9.Arrears ‒ просрочка (платежа), задолженность

10.Assets ‒ активы

11.Bankroll ‒ финансировать; денежные средства, финансовые ресурсы

12.Bid ‒ заявка или предложение цены на торгах

13.Bonds ‒ облигации

14.Breakeven point ‒ ни прибыли ни убытков

15.Cash flow ‒ денежный поток

16.Compliance ‒ согласие, соответствие

17.Contributory ‒ облагаемый налогом

18.Current ‒ текущий

19.Debenture ‒ долговое обязательство

20.Defer ‒ откладывать, отсрочивать

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21.Defray ‒ взять на себя, покрыть (расходы)

22.Depreciate ‒ обесценивать

23.Depreciation ‒ снижение стоимости, обесценивание

24.Depreciation cost ‒ остаточная стоимость

25.Deviate – отклоняться

26.Enhance ‒ увеличивать, усиливать

27.Entity ‒ сущность, объект, суть

28.Legal entity ‒ юридическое лицо

29.Equation ‒ уравнение

30.Equity ‒ чистая доля собственника

31.Explicit ‒ ясный, подробный, определенный, точный

32.Factoring ‒ покупка задолженностей с принятием на себя обязательств по их взысканию и рисков неплатежа

33.Fluctuate ‒ колебаться (о цене)

34.Goodwill ‒ нематериальные активы компании, например, репутация

35.Implicit ‒ неявный, подразумеваемый

36.Incur ‒ вытекать, следовать из

37.To incur debts ‒ влезть в долги

38.To incur losses ‒ потерпеть убытки

39.Insolvent ‒ несостоятельный, неплатежеспособный

40.Interest ‒ проценты на капитал

41.Leasehold ‒ недвижимость, купленная на правах аренды

42.Ledger ‒ бухгалтерский регистр

43.Liabilities ‒ пассивы

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44.Margin ‒ маржа, прибыль

45.Marginal cost ‒ предельные издержки, дополнительные затраты на производство дополнительной продукции

46.Markup ‒ надбавка, наценка

47.Mortgage ‒ ипотека

48.Mutual funds ‒ ПИФы (паевые инвестиционные фонды)

49.Obligation ‒ обязательство

50.Overdraft ‒ сумма, получаемая сверх остатка на текущем счете

51.Overdue ‒ просроченный, неуплаченный в срок

52.Overheads – накладные расходы

53.Payroll – платежная ведомость

54.Ratify ‒ подтверждать (подписью, печатью)

55.Retained earnings – нераспределенная прибыль

56.Revenue ‒ доход, выручка

57.Securities ‒ ценные бумаги

58.Solvent ‒ платежеспособный

59.Stock-taking ‒ учет, переучет

60.Subsidiary ‒ второстепенный, дочерний

61.Taxable ‒ облагаемый налогом

62.Traceable ‒ видимый, различимый

63.Tracking ‒ отслеживание

64.Transaction ‒ сделка

65.Trial balance ‒ пробный баланс

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Answer key

Chapter I

Unit 1

Vocabulary test

Unit 2

Vocabulary test

1. – a, 2. – d, 3. – a, 4. – d, 5. – c, 6. – b, 7. – c, 8. ‒ d, 9. – a, 10. ‒ d.

Defining the terms

1. – g, 2. – b, 3. – a, 4. – f, 5. – e, 6. – c, 7. – d.

Chapter II

Unit 1

Vocabulary test

1. – c, 2. – b, 3. – d, 4. – c, 5. – d, 6. – b, 7. – c, 8. ‒ a, 9. – a, 10. ‒ c.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. – d, 2. – a, 3. – c, 4. – c, 5. – b, 6. – d, 7 – b, 8. ‒ d, 9. – c, 10. ‒ c.

True or false