Произведения английских писателей в переводе на немецкий, русский и французский языки. Учебное пособие по переводу
.pdfaussitôt les troupes jetèrent de grands cris. Il m’ordonna de le remettre dans le fourreau et de le jeter à terre, aussi doucement que je pourrais, environ à six pieds de distance de ma chaîne. La seconde chose qu’il me demanda fut un de ces piliers creux de fer, par lesquels il entendait mes pistolets de poche; je les lui présentai et, par son ordre, je lui en expliquai l’usage comme je pus, et, ne les char geant que de poudre, j’avertis l’empereur de n’être point effrayé, et puis je les lirai en l’air. L’étonnement, à cette occasion, fut plus, grand qu’à la vue de mon sabre; ils tombèrent tous à la renverse comme s’ils eussent été frappés du tonnerre; et même l’empereur, qui était très brave, ne put revenir
àlui-même qu’après quelque temps. Je lui remis mes deux pistolets de la même manière que mon sabre, avec mes sacs de plomb et de poudre, l’avertissant de ne pas approcher le sac de poudre du feu, s’il ne voulait voir son palais impérial sauter en l’air, ce qui le surprit beaucoup. Je lui remis aussi ma montre, qu’il fut fort curieux de voir, et il commanda à deux de ses gardes les plus grands de la porter sur leurs épaules, suspendue à un grand bâton, comme les charretiers des brasseurs portent un baril de bière en Angleterre. Il était étonné du bruit continuel qu’elle faisait et du mouvement de l’aiguille qui marquait les minutes; il pouvait aisément le suivre des yeux, la vue de ces peuples étant bien plus perçante que la nôtre. Il demanda sur ce sujet le sentiment de ses docteurs, qui furent très partagés, comme le lecteur peut bien se l’imaginer.
Ensuite je livrai mes pièces d’argent et de cuivre, ma bourse, avec neuf grosses pièces d’or et quelques-unes plus petites, mon peigne, ma tabatière d’argent, mon mouchoir et mon journal. Mon sabre, mes pistoletsdepocheetmessacsdepoudreetdeplombfurenttransportés
àl’arsenal de Sa Majesté; mais tout le reste fut laissé chez moi.
J’avais une poche en particulier, qui ne fut point visitée, dans laquelle il y avait une paire de lunettes, dont je me sers quelquefois àcausedelafaiblessedemesyeux,untélescope,avecplusieursautres bagatelles que je crus de nulle conséquence pour l’empereur, et que, pour cette raison, je ne découvris point aux commissaires, appréhendantqu’ellesnefussentgâtéesouperduessijevenaisàm’endessaisir.
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Раздел 2. Практические задания
Задание I
1.Изучите творческую биографию автора «Приключений Оливера Твиста» — классика английской литературы Чарлза (Чарльза) Диккенса (1812–1870).
2.Обратитевниманиенаавтобиографическиемоментывпроизведении Чарлза (Чарльза) Диккенса. Для углубленного исследования вопроса социальных аспектов в творчестве автора обратитесь к его произведению «Давид Коперфилд».
3.Какова трактовка автора проблемы детского труда?
Задание II
1.Дайте определение жанру приключенческой литературы.
2.Какие авторы приключенческой литературы Вам знакомы?
3.Сохраняет ли автор оптимизм и позитивное отношение к описываемой им действительности?
Задание III
1.Охарактеризуйте индивидуальность стиля автора.
2.Дайте характеристику лексики, используемой автором в диалогах.
3.Какие средства использует автор для создания детских образов?
Задание IV
Переведите приведенный ниже текст с английского (немецкого или французского) языка на русский.
Сравните свой перевод с английским оригиналом или свой перевод с немецким (французским) переводным текстом. Прокомментируйте используемые приемы перевода.
Обратите внимание на проблему передачи особенностей лексики, отражающей время создания литературного произведения.
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Текст на перевод и переводческий комментарий
The old gentleman was a very respectable-looking personage, with a powdered head and gold spectacles. He was dressed in a bottlegreen coat with a black velvet collar; wore white trousers; and carried a smart bamboo cane under his arm. He had taken up a book from the stall, and there he stood, reading away, as hard as if he were in his elbow-chair, in his own study. It is very possible that he fancied himselfthere,indeed;foritwasplain,fromhisabstraction,thathesawnot the book-stall, nor the street, nor the boys, nor, in short, anything but the book itself: which he was reading straight through: turning over the leaf when he got to the bottom of a page, beginning at the top line of the next one, and going regularly on, with the greatest interest and eagerness.
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Сharles Dickens
Oliver Twist
CHAPTER X
Oliver becomes better acquainted with the characters of his new associates; and purchases experience at a high price. Being a short, but very important chapter, in this history
For many days, Oliver remained in the Jew’s room, picking the marks out of the pocket-handkerchief, (of which a great number were brought home,) and sometimes taking part in the game already described: which the two boys and the Jew played, regularly, every morning.At length, he began to languish for fresh air, and took many occasions of earnestly entreating the old gentleman to allow him to go out to work with his two companions.
Oliverwas renderedthemoreanxioustobeactivelyemployed,by what he had seen of the stern morality of the old gentleman’s chara cter.WhenevertheDodgerorCharleyBatescamehomeatnight,emp- ty-handed, he would expatiate with great vehemence on the misery of idle and lazy habits; and would enforce upon them the necessity of an active life, by sending them supperless to bed. On one occasion, indeed,heevenwentsofarastoknockthembothdownaflightofstairs; but this was carrying out his virtuous precepts to an unusual extent.
At length, one morning, Oliver obtained the permission he had so eagerlysought.Therehadbeennohandkerchiefstoworkupon,fortwo or three days, and the dinners had been rather meagre. Perhaps these were reasons for the old gentleman’s giving his assent; but, whether they were or no, he told Oliver he might go, and placed him under the joint guardianship of Charley Bates, and his friend the Dodger.
Thethreeboyssalliedout;theDodgerwithhiscoat-sleevestucked up, and his hat cocked, as usual; Master Bates sauntering along with his hands in his pockets; and Oliver between them, wondering where they were going, and what branch of manufacture he would be instructed in, first.
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The pace at which they went, was such a very lazy, ill-looking saunter, that Oliver soon began to think his companions were going to deceive the old gentleman, by not going to work at all. The Dodger had a vicious propensity, too, of pulling the caps from the heads of small boys and tossing them down areas; while Charley Bates exhibited some very loose notions concerning the rights of property, by pilfering divers apples and onions from the stalls at the kennel sides, and thrusting them into pockets which were so surprisingly capacious, that they seemed to undermine his whole suit of clothes in every direction. These things looked so bad, that Oliver was on the point of declaring his intentionof seeking his way back, in the best way he could; when his thoughts were suddenly directed into another channel, by a very mysterious change of behaviour on the part of the Dodger.
Theywerejustemergingfromanarrowcourtnotfarfromtheopen square in Clerkenwell, which is yet called, by some strange perversion of terms, ‘The Green’: when the Dodger made a sudden stop; and, laying his finger on his lip, drew his companions back again, with the greatest caution and circumspection.
‘What’s the matter?’demanded Oliver.
‘Hush!’replied the Dodger. ‘Do you see that old cove at the bookstall?’
‘The old gentleman over the way?’said Oliver. ‘Yes, I see him.’ ‘He’ll do,’said the Doger.
‘Aprime plant,’observed Master Charley Bates.
Oliver looked from one to the other, with the greatest surprise; but he was not permitted to make any inquiries; for the two boys walked stealthily across the road, and slunk close behind the old gentleman towards whom his attention had been directed. Oliver walked a few paces after them; and, not knowing whether to advance or retire, stood looking on in silent amazement.
Theoldgentlemanwasaveryrespectable-lookingpersonage,with a powdered head and gold spectacles. He was dressed in a bottle-green coatwithablackvelvetcollar;worewhitetrousers;andcarriedasmart bamboocaneunderhisarm.Hehadtakenupabookfromthestall,and
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therehestood,readingaway,ashardasifhewereinhiselbow-chair,in his own study. It is very possible that he fancied himself there, indeed; for it was plain, from his abstraction, that he saw not the book-stall, nor the street, nor the boys, nor, in short, anything but the book itself: which he was reading straight through: turning over the leaf when he got to the bottom of a page, beginning at the top line of the next one, and going regularly on, with the greatest interest and eagerness.
What was Oliver’s horror and alarm as he stood a few paces off, looking on with his eyelids as wide open as they would possibly go, to see the Dodger plunge his hand into the old gentleman’s pocket, and drawfromthenceahandkerchief!ToseehimhandthesametoCharley Bates; and finally to behold them, both running away round the corner at full speed!
Inaninstantthewholemysteryofthehankerchiefs,andthewatches, and the jewels, and the Jew, rushed upon the boy’s mind.
He stood, for a moment, with the blood so tingling through all his veins from terror, that he felt as if he were in a burning fire; then, confused and frightened, he took to his heels; and, not knowing what he did, made off as fast as he could lay his feet to the ground.
Thiswasalldoneinaminute’sspace.IntheveryinstantwhenOliverbegantorun,theoldgentleman,puttinghishandtohispocket,and missing his handkerchief, turned sharp round. Seeing the boy scudding away at such a rapid pace, he very naturally concluded him to be the depredator; and shouting ‘Stop thief!’with all his might, made off after him, book in hand.
Buttheoldgentlemanwasnottheonlypersonwhoraisedthehue- and-cry. The Dodger and Master Bates, unwilling to attract public attention by running down the open street, had merely retired into the very first doorway round the corner. They no sooner heard the cry, and saw Oliver running, than, guessing exactly how the matter stood, they issued forth with great promptitude; and, shouting ‘Stop thief!’ too, joined in the pursuit like good citizens.
Although Oliver had been brought up by philosophers, he was not theoretically acquainted with the beautiful axiom that self-preserva- tion is the first law of nature. If he had been, perhaps he would have
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been prepared for this. Not being prepared, however, it alarmed him the more; so away he went like the wind, with the old gentleman and the two boys roaring and shouting behind him.
‘Stop thief! Stop thief!’There is a magic in the sound. The trades- manleaveshiscounter,andthecar-manhiswaggon;thebutcherthrows down his tray; the baker his basket; the milkman his pail; the errandboy his parcels; the school-boy his marbles; the paviour his pickaxe; the child his battledore.Away they run, pell-mell, helter-skelter, slapdash: tearing, yelling, screaming, knocking down the passengers as they turn the corners, rousing up the dogs, and astonishing the fowls: and streets, squares, and courts, re-echo with the sound.
‘Stop thief! Stop thief!’The cry is taken up by a hundred voices, and the crowd accumulate at every turning. Away they fly, splashing through the mud, and rattling along the pavements: up go the windows, out run the people, onward bear the mob, a whole audience desert Punch in the very thickest of the plot, and, joining the rushing throng, swell the shout, and lend fresh vigour to the cry, ‘Stop thief! Stop thief!’
‘Stopthief!Stopthief!’ThereisapassionFORhuntingsomething deeply implanted in the human breast. One wretched breathless child, panting with exhaustion; terror in his looks; agony in his eyes; large drops of perspiration streaming down his face; strains every nerve to make head upon his pursuers; and as they follow on his track, and gainuponhimeveryinstant,theyhailhisdecreasingstrengthwithjoy. ‘Stop thief!’Ay, stop him for God’s sake, were it only in mercy!
Stopped at last! A clever blow. He is down upon the pavement; and the crowd eagerly gather round him: each new comer, jostling and struggling with the others to catch a glimpse. ‘Stand aside!’‘Give him a little air!’‘Nonsense! he don’t deserve it.’‘Where’s the gentleman?’ ‘Herehisis,comingdownthestreet.’‘Makeroomthereforthegentleman!’‘Is this the boy, sir!’‘Yes.’
Oliver lay, covered with mud and dust, and bleeding from themouth,lookingwildlyroundupontheheapoffacesthatsurrounded him, when the old gentleman was officiously dragged and pushed into the circle by the foremost of the pursuers.
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‘Yes,’said the gentleman, ‘I am afraid it is the boy.’ ‘Afraid!’murmured the crowd. ‘That’s a good ‘un!’ ‘Poor fellow!’said the gentleman, ‘he has hurt himself.’
‘Ididthat,sir,’saidagreatlubberlyfellow,steppingforward;‘and preciously I cut my knuckle agin’his mouth. I stopped him, sir.’
The follow touched his hat with a grin, expecting something for his pains; but, the old gentleman, eyeing him with an expression of dislike, look anxiously round, as if he contemplated running away himself: which it is very possible he might have attempted to do, and thus have afforded another chase, had not a police officer (who is generally the last person to arrive in such cases) at that moment made his way through the crowd, and seized Oliver by the collar.
‘Come, get up,’said the man, roughly.
‘It wasn’t me indeed, sir. Indeed, indeed, it was two other boys,’ said Oliver, clasping his hands passionately, and looking round. ‘They are here somewhere.’
‘Oh no, they ain’t,’ said the officer. He meant this to be ironical, but it was true besides; for the Dodger and Charley Bates had filed off down the first convenient court they came to.
‘Come, get up!’
‘Don’t hurt him,’said the old gentleman, compassionately.
‘Oh no, I won’t hurt him,’ replied the officer, tearing his jacket half off his back, in proof thereof. ‘Come, I know you; it won’t do. Will you stand upon your legs, you young devil?’
Oliver,whocouldhardlystand,madeashifttoraisehimselfonhis feet, and was at once lugged along the streets by the jacket-collar, at arapidpace.Thegentlemanwalkedonwiththembytheofficer’sside; and as many of the crowd as could achieve the feat, got a little ahead, and stared back at Oliver from time to time. The boys shouted in triumph; and on they went.
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Чарлз (Чарльз) Диккенс «Приключения Оливера Твиста»
Глава X
Оливер ближе знакомится с новыми товарищами и дорогой ценой приобретает опыт. Короткая, но очень важная глава в этом повествовании
Много дней Оливер не выходил из комнаты еврея, спарывая меткисносовыхплатков(ихприносиливбольшомколичестве),а иной раз принимая участие в описанной выше игре, которую оба мальчика и еврей затевали каждое утро. Наконец, он начал тосковать по свежему воздуху и не раз умолял старого джентльмена разрешить ему пойти на работу вместе с двумя его товарищами.
Оливеру не терпелось приступить к работе еще и потому, что он узнал суровый, добродетельный нрав старого джентльмена. Если Плут и Чарли Бейтс приходили вечером домой с пустыми руками, он с жаром толковал о гнусной привычке к праздности и безделью и внушал им необходимость вести трудовую жизнь, отправляя их спать без ужина. Однажды он даже спустил обоих с лестницы, но, пожалуй, тут он слишком далеко зашел в своих моральных поучениях.
Наконец, настало утро, когда Оливер получил разрешение, которого так ревностно добивался. Вот уже два три дня не приносили носовых платков, ему нечего было делать, и обеды стали довольно скудными. Быть может, по этой-то причине старый джентльмен дал свое согласие. Как бы там ни было, он позволил Оливеру идти и поручил его заботам Чарли Бейтса и его приятеля Плута.
Мальчикивтроемотправилисьвпуть.Плут,пообыкновению, шелсподвернутымирукавамиивзаломленнойнабекреньшляпе; юный Бейтс шествовал, заложив руку в карманы, а между ними брел Оливер, недоумевая, куда они идут и какому ремеслу будет он обучаться в первую очередь.
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Брели они лениво, не спеша, и Оливер вскоре начал подумывать, не хотят ли его товарищи обмануть старого джентльмена и вовсе не пойти на работу. Вдобавок у Плута была дурная привычка сдергивать шапки с ребят и забрасывать их во дворы, а Чарли Бейтс обнаружил весьма непохвальное понятие о правах собственности, таская яблоки и луковицы с лотков, стоящих вдоль тротуара, и рассовывая их по карманам, столь поместительным, что казалось, его костюм весь состоит из них. Это так не нравилось Оливеру, что он собирался заявить о своем намерении идти назад, как вдруг мысли его приняли другое направление, так как поведение Плута весьма загадочно изменилось.
Они только что вышли из узкого двора неподалеку от площади в Клеркенуэле, которая неведомо почему называется «Лужайкой», как вдруг Плут остановился и, приложив палец к губам, с величайшей осторожностью потащил своих товарищей назад.
—Что случилось? — спросил Оливер.
—Те… — зашептал Плут. — Видишь вон того старикашку у книжного ларька?
—Видишь джентльмена на той стороне? — спросил Оливер. — Вижу.
—Годится! — сказал Плут.
—Первый сорт! — заметил юный Чарли Бейтс.
Оливер с величайшим изумлением переводил взгляд с одного на другого, но задать вопроса не пришлось, так как оба мальчика незаметно перебежали через дорогу и подкрались сзади к старому джентльмену, которого показали ему раньше. Оливер сделал несколькошагови,незная,идтилиемузаними,илипойтиназад, остановился и взирал на них с безмолвным удивлением.
Старый джентльмен с напудренной головой и в очках в золотой оправе имел вид весьма почтенный. На нем был бутылочного цвета фрак с черным бархатным воротником и светлые брюки,
апод мышкой он держал изящную бамбуковую трость. Он взял
сприлавка книгу и стоя читал ее с таким вниманием, как будто сидел в кресле у себя в кабинете. Очень возможно, что он и в самом деле воображал, будто там сидит: судя по его сосредото-
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