Оценка рабочих мест по условиям труда. Учебное пособие
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Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɚɧɰɟɪɨɝɟɧ ɚɥɥɟɪɝɟɧ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɉȾɄ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɮ ɮɟɤɬɚ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɫ ɨɫɬɪɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɚɧɰɟɪɨɝɟɧɵ ɚɥɥɟɪɝɟɧɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɨ ɪɨɜɶɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɬ ɜɢɞ ɉȾɄ ɉȾɄɦɚɤɫɢɥɢ ɉȾɄɫɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɞɥɹ
ɧɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ʋ ɤ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɬɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞ
ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɨ ɢɦɟ
ɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɉȾɄ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ʋ ɤ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ > @ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɨ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɞ ɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɩ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ʋ ɤ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ > @ ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɭ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ʋ í ɤ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ > @ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨ ɜɟɤɚ
ɉɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɜɪɟɞ
ɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɞɧɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɫɭɦɦɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ʋ ɤ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ
ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɨɫɭ
ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ
ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɉȾɄ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
Ʉ + Ʉ + + ɄQ ≤ ɉȾɄ ɉȾɄ ɉȾɄQ
ɝɞɟ Ʉ Ʉ Ʉɩí ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɉȾɄ ɉȾɄ ɉȾɄɩí ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɯɢ
ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ
ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢ ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɞ ɉȾɄɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɭɧɤɬɭ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ʋ ɤ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ > @ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɨɬ ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɩ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ʋ ɤ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ > @
Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ
ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ
Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɠɢ
ɜɵɦɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɚɦɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ ɨɫɭ
ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɞ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɉȾɄ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦɢ > @
Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɨɫɭ ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜɢɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ) ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ > @
í ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢ
ɢɥɢ ɜ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɝɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ,,,
ɢ ,9 ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
í ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɝɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚ
ɧɢɡɦɨɜ ,, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
í ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɭ
ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
í ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪ
ɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ
ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɭɸ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɭ
Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ʋ ɤ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ > @ ɬɚɛɥ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5.2
Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ
ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ʋ ɤ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ > @
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢ |
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ɜɪɟɞɧɵɣ |
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ɨɩɚɫɧɵɣ |
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ |
ɦɵɣ |
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Ɇɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ |
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ɩɪɨɞɭɰɟɧɬɵ ɠɢɜɵɟ |
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ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɵ |
ɉȾɄ |
! í |
! í |
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ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɛɚɤɬɟ |
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ɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ |
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Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 5.2
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢ |
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ɜɪɟɞɧɵɣ |
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ɨɩɚɫɧɵɣ |
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ |
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ɦɵɣ |
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ɉɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚ |
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ɧɢɡɦɵ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ |
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, ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɫ |
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ɬɢ í ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɢ |
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ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ |
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ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɣ |
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,, ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɫ |
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ɬɢ í ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɢ |
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ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɨɧɬɚɝɢɨɡɧɵɯ |
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ɷɩɢɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ |
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ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ |
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,,, ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɨ |
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ɫɬɢ í ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɢ |
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ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ |
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ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ |
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ɜ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ |
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ɧɨɡɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ |
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ɝɪɭɩɩɵ |
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,9 ɝɪɭɩɩɚ |
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ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ í |
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ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ |
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ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ |
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ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɢ |
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ɨɩɩɨɪɬɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ |
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ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɣ |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ.Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɜɵ
ɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɪɨ
ɞɭɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɞ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɬɪɭɞɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ
ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɮɢɛɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɢ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɮɢɛɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ȺɉɎȾ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɉȾɄ
Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɢ ȺɉɎȾ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ʋ ɤ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ > @ ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɢɞɨɜ ȺɉɎȾ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ȺɉɎȾ ɫ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɉȾɄ
Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɢ ȺɉɎȾ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɜ ɬɟ ɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫ ȺɉɎȾ ɨɫɭ ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɵɥɟɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɨɠɢ ɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɦɟɧ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ȺɉɎȾ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
ɉɇɝɨɞ Ʉɫɫî 1 î 4
ɝɞɟɄɫɫí ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɵɥɢ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɧɢɤɚ ɦɝ ɦ
Ní ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɦɟɧ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɦ ɝɨɞɭ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ȺɉɎȾ
Qí ɨɛɴɟɦ ɥɟɝɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɫɦɟɧɭ ɦ
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ,ɚ ,ɛ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɥɟɝɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɫɦɟɧɭ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚ
ɟɬɫɹ ɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ,,ɚ ,,ɛ í ɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ,,, í ɦ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜ ɤɤɚɥ ɱ ȼɬ > @
ɚ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ,ɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɞɨ
ɤɤɚɥ ɱ ɞɨ ȼɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɫɢɞɹ
ɛ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ,ɛ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬ
í ɤɤɚɥ ɱ í ȼɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɢɞɹ ɧɨ ɢ ɫɬɨɹ ɢ ɢɥɢ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɯɨɞɶɛɨɣ
ɜ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ,,ɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬ í ɤɤɚɥ ɱ í ȼɬ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɯɨɞɶɛɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɞɨ ɤɝ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɨɹ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɞɹ
ɝ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ,,ɛ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬ í ɤɤɚɥ ɱ í ȼɬ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɯɨɞɶɛɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɞɨ ɤɝ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɨɹ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɞɹ
ɞ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ,,, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɤɤɚɥ ɱ ɛɨɥɟɟ ȼɬ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɤɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɤɝ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɟɣ ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɉɇɝɨɞ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɵɥɟɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ Ʉɉɇ ɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɦɟɧ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ȺɉɎȾ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɉȾɄ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ Ʉɉɇɝɨɞ ɉȾɄɋɋ î 1ɝɨɞ î 4
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɵɥɟɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ
Ʉɉɇɝɨɞɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɤ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɬɪɭɞɚ Ʉɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɵɥɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫ
ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ʋ ɤ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ > @ ɬɚɛɥ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5.3
Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ
ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɮɢɛɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ʋ ɤ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ > @
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ |
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ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ |
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ȼɢɞ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɟɣ |
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ɮɢɛɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ |
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ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ |
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ɧɚɞ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɪɚɡ |
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ɮɢɛɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ |
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ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɣ |
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ɜɪɟɞɧɵɣ |
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ȼɵɫɨɤɨ ɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɮɢɛɪɨ |
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ɝɟɧɧɵɟɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟ |
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ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɮɢɛɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣ |
ɉȾɄ |
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ɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɵɥɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ |
Ʉɉɇɝɨɞ |
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ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧ |
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ɧɵɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ |
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ɋɥɚɛɨɮɢɛɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ |
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ɉȾɄ |
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ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ |
Ʉɉɇɝɨɞ |
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ɮɢɛɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ |
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Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ
ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɢɛɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
Ʉɜɢɛɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ > @
í ɲɭɦ
í ɢɧɮɪɚɡɜɭɤ
í ɭɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ
í ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ
Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɢɛɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟ
ɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɯ ɉȾɍ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢ
ɜɚɦɢ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ
Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ
ɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɢɛɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ʋ ɤ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ > @ɬɚɛɥ ɉɪɢɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨɲɭɦɚɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɢɛɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɤɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɯ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ Ƚɰ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɲɭɦɚ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɜɭɤɚ ɞȻȺ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ʋ ɤ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ > @ ɬɚɛɥ
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5.4 |
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Ɉɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ |
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ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɢɛɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ > @ |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ |
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ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ |
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ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɣ |
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ɜɪɟɞɧɵɣ |
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ɨɩɚɫɧɵɣ |
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ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ |
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ɒɭɦ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ |
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ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɜɭɤɚ ɞȻȺ |
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ȼɢɛɪɚɰɢɹ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ |
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ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤ |
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ɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ |
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ɜɢɛɪɨɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɞȻ |
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Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 5.4 |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ |
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ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ |
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ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɣ |
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ɜɪɟɞɧɵɣ |
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ɨɩɚɫɧɵɣ |
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ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ |
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ȼɢɛɪɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ |
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ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ |
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ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ |
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! ± |
! ± |
! ± |
! ± |
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ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ |
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ɜɢɛɪɨɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ |
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ɞȻ = |
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ȼɢɛɪɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ |
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ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ |
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ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ |
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! ± |
! ± |
! ± |
! ± |
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ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ |
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ɜɢɛɪɨɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ |
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ɞȻ ; < |
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ɂɧɮɪɚɡɜɭɤ ɨɛɳɢɣ |
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ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ |
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! ± |
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ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞȻɅɢɧ |
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ɍɥɶɬɪɚɡɜɭɤ |
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ɉɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɉȾɍ ɞɨ ɞȻ |
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ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ |
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ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
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ɉȾɍ |
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ɜ ɨɤɬɚɜɧɵɯ |
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ɩɨɥɨɫɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɞȻ |
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ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɫɦɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɫ
ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɲɭɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɲɭɦ í ɤɨɥɟɛɥɸɳɢɣɫɹ
ɩɪɟɪɵɜɢɫɬɵɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɭɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢ
ɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɬ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɭɪɨ
ɜɟɧɶ ɡɜɭɤɚ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ
ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɡɜɭɤɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɧɚ ɞȻȺ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɉȾɍ ɞɥɹ ɲɭɦɚ
ɛɟɡ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ
ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɪɚɡɜɭɤɚ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɢɛɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜ ɨɤɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɯ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ ɢ Ƚɰ ɜ ɞȻ
ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɉȾɍ ɬɚɛɥ
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5.5 |
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
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ɡɜɭɤɚ ɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɜɭɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ > @ |
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ɍɪɨɜɧɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞȻ |
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ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɜɭɤɚ |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚ |
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ɜ ɨɤɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɯ |
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ɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ |
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ɧɢɟ |
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ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ Ƚɰ |
ɧɵɣ |
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ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ |
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ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɜɭɤɚ |
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ɞȻȺ |
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ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ |
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ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ |
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ɪɚɛɨɬ |
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ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ |
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ɦɟɫɬɚɯ |
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ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ ɧɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɪɚɡɜɭɤɚ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨ
ɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɢɛɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚ
ɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɞȻɅɢɧɷɤɜɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɉȾɍ ɬɚɛɥ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5.6
ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜɢɛɪɨɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ
ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ > @
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ |
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Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ |
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ɜɢɛɪɨɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɞȻ ɩɨ ɨɫɹɦ ;ɥ<ɥ=ɥ |
ɧɵɟ ɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚ |
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ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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ɜ ɨɤɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɯ |
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ɥɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤ |
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ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ |
ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ Ƚɰ |
ɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ |
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ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ |
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ɢ ɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ |
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ȼɢɛɪɚɰɢɹ |
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ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5.7
ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜɢɛɪɨɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɢ
ɨɛɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ > @
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ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜɢɛɪɨɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɞȻ |
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ɋɪɟɞɧɟɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ |
ɩɨ ɨɫɹɦ ; < = ɜ ɨɤɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɨɤɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ |
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ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ Ƚɰ |
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ɜ ɨɤɬɚɜɟ |
ɜ ɨɤɬɚɜɟ |
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= |
; < |
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; < |
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Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ |
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ɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɟ |
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ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ |
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ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜɢɛɪɨɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ |
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ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɫɦɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɨ
ɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɪɚɡɜɭɤɚ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɨɞ
ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɢɛɪɨɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜ
ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞȻɅɢɧɷɤɜɢ ɟɝɨ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɉȾɍ ɬɚɛɥ