Основы английской грамматики для студентов факультета бизнеса. Elementary english grammar for business students. Учебное пособие

for half an hour, for ten years, for a week, for a period of time, for ages, since last September, since last year, since he came

Также используются обстоятельства, обозначающие еще не истек-

ший период времени: this morning, this evening, this week, today.

E. g. I have not seen her for ages. We have not met since October. ‒ How long have you known her? ‒ I have known her for year. I have translated three texts today.

EXERCISES

1. Make sentences from the words below. See the example.

Mr Flaherty has studied economics.

2. Answer the following questions. Give long and short answers.

1.Have you ever been to the United States? – No, I haven't been to the USA/No I haven't.

2.How long have you known your best friend?

3.Has your company/school/university made any links with foreign companies?

4.Has your family owned a business?

5.How long have you lived in your present house?

6.Have you worked for an American company?

7.Have you studied for a Masters Degree in Business Administration (MBA)?

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Настоящее совершенно-длительное время

Форма Present Perfect Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательных глаголов to have в настоящем времени, been и 4-й формы глагола.

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I, we, you, they – have been Ving

They have been studying French for six years.

Они учат французский 6 лет

They haven’t been studying French for six years.

Они не учат французский 6 лет

Have they been studying French for six years?

Они учат французский 6 лет? Yes, they have. No, they have not He, she, it – has been Ving

He has been studying French for six years.

Он учит французский 6 лет

He hasn’t been studying French for six years.

Он не учит французский 6 лет

Has he been studying French for six years?

Он учит французский 6 лет? Yes, he has. No, he has not

Употребление the Present Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect Continuous используется для обозначения действия, которое началось в прошлом и все еще продолжается.

E. g. He has been walking in the garden since early morning.

Следующие союзы используются в Present Perfect Continuous tense: for показывает, как долго длится действие; since показывает, с какого момента длится действие; how long используется в вопросах. E. g. He has been working as a teacher since 2000.

EXERCISES

1. Match the phrase on the left to a phrase on the right to make six sentences.

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2. Complete the sentences with a suitable time expression from the list below.

1.The goods will be with you soon. They’ve ….. left our warehouse.

2.I’ve ….. had a great idea! Why don’t we launch a new range of col-

ours?

3.We’ve known each other ….. more than twenty years.

4.I’ve ….. used my credit card on the Internet. I don’t think it’s safe.

5.I haven’t had a chance to speak to Magda ….. , but I’m sure she’ll

agree.

6.I’ve ….. worked in insurance, ever since leaving university.

7.I’m sorry he hasn’t called you back. He’s been in a meeting ….. lunchtime.

8.Have you ….. been to São Paulo? It’s completely different from Rio.

3. Read this text about the performance of the Ford car company. Complete the text with the verbs from the list below, using the Present Perfect.

make fall launch be have cut withdraw spend take perform

Ford: the road to recovery

Although Ford (1) …… operating profits of our $7 billion in its American market this year, the story in Europe (2) …… very different. Its market share (3) …… from 12 % six years ago to only 9 % now. The truth is that rivals like Volkswagen and Renault (4) …… much better over recent years. They (5) …… costs and (6) …… exciting and highly successful new models. In contrast, Ford (7) …… its large saloon, the Scorpio, which was not selling well. But Ford (8) …… a lot more success at the higher end of the market. Over the last few years it (9) …… a lot of money buying brands such as Jaguar, Aston Martin and Land Rover, and these models have much higher profit margins. It (10) …… some time to sort out the problems at Jaguar in particular, but it’s now a successful part of the business.

4. Complete the sentences by putting the verb in brackets into a form of the Present Perfect. Use contractions where possible.

1.Are you sure it isn’t working? ….. (you / try) it?

2.I ….. (never / see) such a boring presentation.

3.Luckily, our customers ….. (not / complain) about the price rise.

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4.We ….. (already / spend) quite a lot of money on this project.

5.….. (they / reply) to our last email?

6.I ….. (not / get) the figures to hand – can I call you back later?

7.Unemployment ..… (go / up) by 2 % since January.

8.I’m sorry she isn’t here. She ….. (just / leave).

9.Their shares ….. (fall) by 15 % since the merger.

10.….. (you / ever / take) the Eurostar to Brussels?

5.Read this email from Steve, the Purchasing manager of a UK importer, who is in Poland on a business trip. Complete the email by choosing the correct alternative from A, B, C or D below.

From: Steve McGinlay To: Mike Evans

Sent: 18 May… Subject: Poland Cc:

Message: Mike Sorry I haven’t contracted you (1) ….. last week, but I’ve been very busy. I’ve (2) ….. to Katowice in the south-west of Poland

(3)….. a few days, and I’ve (4) ….. returned to my hotel in Warsaw, from where I’m sending this email. I visited several firms when I was in Katowice and one of them looks quite promising. I’ve (5) ….. seen their factory, and I’ve got some product samples to show you. Unfortunately I haven’t met the guy in charge (6) ….. . He wasn’t there – he’s (7) ..… to Gdansk and should be back next week. So, the trip has been quite successful (8) …..

. Have you (9) ..… been to Central Europe? Everything is changing very fast – I’ve (10) ….. seen so much building work going on. Anyway, I’ll email you again later in the week to let you know what’s happening.

Regards, Steve

1.A for B since C just D so far

2.A going B gone C being D been

3.A for B since C already D so far

4.A now B been C just D so far

5.A yet B already C been D gone

6.A just B already C now D yet

7.A going B gone C being D been

8.A so far B yet C just D now

9.A yet B since C ever D never

10.A yet B since C ever D neve

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6. Complete each mini-dialogue by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct form. One verb will be in the Present Perfect the other in the Present Perfect Continuous. Use contractions where possible.

1. A: What’s the matter? You look worried!

B: Yes? I am. I ….. (look at) the contract in detail, and I ….. (notice) a lot of potential problems.

A: Oh, such as?

2. A: I ….. (phone) Carol all day, but there is no reply. B: I expect she ….. (go) to Head Office.

A: Oh, yes, I forgot.

3. A: ‘Tosca’ is coming to the Opera House. ….. (you see) it? B: No, not yet. Shall we go? I ….. (look forward) to it for ages. A: So have I. What about next week?

4. A: How long ….. (you produce) cars at this site?

B: About four years. We ….. (invest) twenty million dollars in plant and machinery.

A: Oh, and how long will it take to recoup your investment, do you think?

TESTS

TEST 1. Present Tenses

Choose the most appropriate answer.

1.How often does Peter go to the swimming pool? – He to the swimming pool every day. He likes swimming.

a)goes

b)is going

c)has gone

d)has been going

2.When is the best time to call you? – I usually till nine in the evening. Call me around ten, if you can.

a)work

b)am working

c)have worked

d)have been working

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a)rises

b)is rising

c)has risen

d)has been rising

a)plays

b)is playing

c)has played

d)has been playing

a)visits

b)is visiting

c)has visited

d)has been visiting

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a)write

b)are writing

c)have written

d)have been writing

TEST 2. Present Tenses

Choose the most appropriate answer.

on Fridays.

a)play

b)are playing

c)have played

d)have been playing

3.I my work already. I'm ready to go for a walk with you.

a)finish

b)am finishing

c)have finished

d)have been finishing

4.I breakfast right now. Can you call a little later?

a)cook

b)am cooking

c)have cooked

d)have been cooking

5.I this book. Can I borrow it for a week or so?

a)don't read

b)am not reading

c)haven't read

d)haven't been reading

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a)writes

b)is writing

c)has written

a)wait

b)are waiting

c)have been waiting

a)is sick

b)is being sick

c)has been sick

d)has been being sick

a)sleeps

b)is sleeping

c)has been sleeping

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Продолжение таблицы

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