Международные образовательные программы. Требования по иностранным языкам. Учебное пособие

Результаты теста оцениваются по каждому разделу в пределах 0-30 баллов, максимально возможный балл по всему тесту 120 баллов. Баллы 22-30 по разделу демонстрируют высокий уровень знания языка (advanced), 15-21 баллов – средний уровень

(intermediate), 0-14 баллов – низкий уровень (low).

LISTENING

В разделе Listening проверяется способность понимать на слух английскую речь. В данном разделе теста звучат два типа отрывков: лекция и диалог.

Как правило, лекция – это доклад профессора, иногда сопровождаемый некоторым числом вопросов со стороны студентов. Для того, чтобы понять лекцию, тестируемому не трубуются специальные знания по предмету, однако их наличие значительно облегчит выполнение задания. Тематика лекций носит общеобразовательный характер.

Диалог представляет собой беседу между студентом и кем-то еще. Как правило, первый тип диалогов – это беседа между студентом и профессором, второй тип диалогов – это беседа между студентом и сотрудником студенческого кампуса.

Большинство вопросов являются multiple choice – вопросами с несколькими вариантами ответов, также имеются так называемые чарт-вопросы. Практически в каждом задании имеется вопрос типа ‘replay’, когда для ответа на вопрос необходимо прослушать часть

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текста еще раз. Наибольшю сложность представляет вопрос, который предполагает выбор двух ответов их четырех предложенных.

В разделе представлены следующие типы вопросов:

1)понимание основной идеи текста (main idea);

2)понимание деталей (detail);

3)понимание, почему была представлена информация

(function);

4)понимание мнения говорящего (stance);

5)организация высказывания (organization);

6)понимание скрытой информации (inference).

К сожалению, формат данного пособия не позволяет дать аудиозапись, однако можно показать примеры вопросов, задаваемых в данном разделе.

Примеры вопросов в разделе Listening

(см. http://lengish.com/tests/toefl-21.html [12])

Directions

This section measures your ability to understand conversations and lectures in English. You will hear each conversation or lecture only one time. After each conversation or lecture, you will answer some questions about it.

The questions typically ask about the main idea and supporting details. Some questions ask about a speaker's purpose or attitude. Answer the questions based on what is stated or implied by the speakers.

You may take notes while you listen. You may use your notes to help you answer the questions. Your notes will not be scored.

In some questions, you will see this icon. This means that you will hear, but not see, part of the question.

Some questions have special directions. These directions appear in a gray box. Most questions are worth one point. A question worth more than one point will have special instructions indicating how many points you can receive.

You will have 20 minutes to answer the questions in this section. Now get ready to listen. You may take notes.

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Questions 1-6

Listen to part of a lecture in an American government class.

Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

1.What is the lecture mainly about?

•A method in Alaska for ensuring fair election results

•An important feature of the U.S. presidential election

•The essential criteria used for choosing a candidate

•A comparison of different voting systems

2.According to the professor, who becomes an elector?

•A U.S. senator or representative

•A trained member of the public

•A member of a political party

•A candidate for political office

3.Why does the professor say this:

•To clear up a possible confusion

•To help explain the exact number of electors

•To correct something she said earlier

•To remind students of the electors' duties

4.Why does the professor use the example of Alaska in the lecture?

•To explain the number of electors each state has

•To show why states with small populations are powerful

•To remind students of the number of electors in certain states

•To develop the students' understanding of electoral politics

5.Which candidate wins the presidential election?

•The one who wins the most states

•The one who wins the biggest states

•The one who receives the most votes from the public

•The one who receives the most votes from electors

6.What does the professor mean when she says this:

•Many voters reject this system of choosing the president

•Critics of the voting system have pointed out weaknesses

•Students have made several objections to the voting system

•Flaws in this voting system are not a disadvantage

Questions 7-11

Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.

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Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

7.Why does the student go to see the professor?

•To apologize for arriving late

•To turn in her proposal to the professor

•To get help in analyzing her statistics

•To discuss improvements for her proposal

8.Why does the professor suggest that the student go to the Computer Center?

•To talk to Miriam at the information desk

•To get help setting up the statistical analysis

•To make changes to her statistical results

•To define her subjects' linguistic abilities

9.According to the professor, what information should the student add in her proposal? Choose 2 answers.

•How the analysis will be done

•How she got the statistics into a meaningful form

•How the subjects will be selected

•How she will contact the international students

10.Why does the professor say this:

•To illustrate a flaw in the student's proposal

•To compare two language groups

•To demonstrate international students differing linguistic levels

•To suggest the kind of test the student should give her subjects 11.What does the professor imply about the people who will decide

on the grant money?

•They will not approve of her getting help in analyzing her statistics

•They will question what stress patterns she will study

•They will be influenced by her definition of her subjects

•They will not understand who her subjects will be

Questions 12-17

Listen to part of a discussion in a business correspondence class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

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12.What is the discussion mainly about?

•The procedures for sending e-mail messages in the business world

•The etiquette to use when writing a formal business letter

•The reasons for using e-mails instead of formal letters

•The types of e-mails used in the business world

13.Listen again to part of the discussion. Then answer the question. Why does the professor say this

•To avoid an argument between the students who have differing opinions

•To imply that different businesses deal with mail differently

•To bring up a different situation that may have to be dealt with in business

•To indicate that most businesses have to make policy changes

14.What can be inferred about the students?

•They have come to an agreement about internal e-mail use

•They are both experienced in using e-mail techniques

•They frequently get annoyed with each other's way of doing things

•They are in disagreement with the professor's solutions

15.Listen again to part of the discussion. Then answer the question. Why does the professor ask this

•She wants to go back to a previous lesson

•She is leading the students to a different solution to the problem

•She thinks that the students have forgotten an essential part of communication

•She is highlighting points that the students must learn for a test 16.According to the discussion, which way both protects customer

identity and promotes customer personalization?

•Sending the customers a group message

•Writing to the customers individually

•Using the blind copy feature

•Putting all the addresses into the receiver box

17.Which of the following are valid points about messages sent to a group address instead of individual addresses? Choose 2 answers

•The customer's identity is protected

•Individual addresses are hidden

•The message appears personal

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•The address takes a long time to type

Questions 18-23

Listen to part of a lecture in a literature class.

Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.

18.What is the lecture mainly about?

•How London's life and work are contrasted

•How London's life influenced his work

•London's political writings

•London's early adventures

19.According to the professor, what effect did the absence of a father have on London?

•It affected his relationship with his mother

•It caused him to commit crimes

•It influenced aspects of his writing

•It prepared him for a life of adventure

20.What does the professor mean when he says this:

•He thinks many of the students in the class are poor

•He is joking that some of the students may not be happy at college

•He believes that some students are not enjoying the class

•He is implying that some students will imitate London's behavior 21.Why does the professor think that London read so many books?

•London wanted to learn from other writers

•London was enrolled at a university

•London needed to use other writers' ideas

•London had few ways of gaining real experience

22.What does the professor imply about London's success?

•He was immediately successful as a writer

•He was successful only in later life

•He worked hard to achieve success

•He never really achieved much success

23.What does the professor think of London's work?

•Most of London's work is excellent

•Most of London's work is careless

•Much of London's work is not very good

•Much of London's work is very modern

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SPEAKING

В разделе Speaking проверяется способность говорить на английском языке для решения поставленной коммуникативной задачи. В разделе представлены шесть заданий двух типов:

1)свободное высказывание (ответ основывается на собственных знаниях и опыте экзаменуемого);

2)интегрированное высказывание (ответ основывается на прочтении или аудировании отрывка с последующим устным анализом).

Свободное высказывание представлено в виде двух заданий:

1)Ответ на вопрос (free-choice). Тестируемый отвечает на вопрос по знакомой ему теме. Для этого необходимо привести свои примеры и аргументировать свое мнение. На подготовку выделяется 15 секунд, на ответ остается 45 секунд.

2)Выбор из двух предложенных вариантов (paired-choice). Тестируемому представляется на выбор два варианта ответа на вопрос. Свой выбор необходимо обосновать, подкрепив его аргументами и примерами. Тестируемый отвечает на вопрос, осуществляя выбор из двух вариантов. На подготовку выделяется 15 секунд, на ответ остается 45 секунд.

Интегрированное высказывание представлено в виде четырех заданий:

1)Объявление (announcement). Экзаменуемый читает объявление, связанное с университетской жизнью. Затем экзаменуемый слушает, как это объявление обсуждают два студента. Для ответа на вопрос необходима информация как их объявления, так

ииз услышанной беседы. На чтение текста выделяется 45 секунд, на подготовку – 30 секунд, на ответ – 60 секунд.

2)Лекция (general/specific). Тестируемый сначала читает отрывок на академическую тему (например, наука, история, литература). Затем он слушает лекцию на ту же тему, где представлена детальная информация. Экзаменуемый должен суммировать информацию из двух отрывков. На чтение текста выделяется 45 секунд, 30 секунд на подготовку и 60 секунд на ответ.

3)Решение проблемы (problem/solution). Тестируемый слушает беседу между двумя студентами или студентом и преподавателем на бытовую тему. Экзаменуемый должен рассказать об обсуждаемой проблеме, суммировать варианты решений и высказать свое мнение по

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поводу выбранного решения. На аудирование выделяется 60-90 секунд, на подготовку 20 секунд, 60 секунд на ответ.

4) Краткое изложение (summary). Тестируемый слышит отрывок лекции. Экзаменуемый должен суммировать основные положения лекции, проиллюстрировать их примерами. На аудирование выделяется 60-90 секунд, на подготовку 20 секунд, 60 секунд на ответ.

Примеры вопросов в разделе Speaking

(см. http://lengish.com/tests/toefl-23.html [15])

Directions

In this section of the test, you will be able to demonstrate your ability to speak about a variety of topics. You will answer six questions by recording your response. Answer each of the questions as completely as possible.

In questions 1 and 2, you will first hear a statement or question about familiar topics. You will then speak about these topics. Your response will be scored on your ability to speak clearly and coherently about the topics.

In questions 3 and 4, you will first read a short text. You will then listen to a talk on the same topic.

You will be asked a question about what you have read and heard. You will need to combine appropriate information from the text and the talk to provide a complete answer to the question. Your response will be scored on your ability to speak clearly and coherently and on your ability to accurately convey information about what you read and heard.

In questions 5 and 6, you will listen to part of a conversation or a lecture. You will be asked a question about what you heard. Your response will be scored on your ability to speak clearly and coherently and on your ability to accurately convey information about what you heard.

You may take notes while you read and while you listen to the conversations and lectures. You may use your notes to help prepare your response.

Listen carefully to the directions for each question. For each question you will be given a short time to prepare your response. When the preparation time is up, you will be told to begin your response.

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