Лексикология английского языка. Practice Makes Perfect. Учебное пособие
.pdf
Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«Московский педагогический государственный университет»
Н. Н. Морозова
Лексикология английского языка
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
Учебное пособие для семинарских занятий по курсу «Английская лексикология»
Направление 035700. 62 Лингвистика Направление 050100. 62 Педагогическое образование
МПГУ
Москва
2013
УДК 42
ББК 81.432.1-923.2 601
Рецензенты:
Е. А. Никулина, зав. кафедрой лексики английского языка, доктор филологических наук, профессор
Е.Л.Фрейдина,профессоркафедрыфонетикианглийского языка, доктор филологических наук
601 Морозова Н. Н. Лексикология английского языка. Practice Makes Perfect: Учебное пособие. — М.: МПГУ, 2013. – 102 с.
-.
- ,
.
« ». , -,,,,
, .,, .
,., , , .
., -.
, -
.
ISBN 978-5-7042-2484-6
© , 2013 © « », 2013
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION........................................................................... |
5 |
WORDS IN DISCOURSE: INFORMAL REGISTER............................... |
7 |
WORDS IN DISCOURSE: FORMAL REGISTER.................................. |
15 |
WORDS AND THEIR ORIGIN........................................................ |
24 |
WORD –BUILDING IN ENGLISH................................................... |
36 |
Affixation........................................................................ |
36 |
Conversion........................................................................ |
40 |
Composition...................................................................... |
43 |
WORDS AND THEIR MEANINGS.................................................. |
49 |
THE DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE OF MEANING......................... |
54 |
ENGLISH HOMONYMS................................................................. |
62 |
PARADIGMATIC RELATIONS OF WORDS....................................... |
70 |
ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGY............................................................ |
77 |
AMERICAN ENGLISH................................................................. |
83 |
REVISION.................................................................................. |
90 |
ONLINE REFERENCE TOOLS....................................................... |
92 |
ANSWER KEY........................................................................... |
94 |
Words in Discourse: Informal Register................................... |
94 |
Words and their Origin........................................................ |
95 |
Word-building................................................................... |
96 |
Words and Their Meanings................................................... |
98 |
The Development and Change of Meaning................................ |
98 |
Homonyms........................................................................ |
99 |
Paradygmatic Relations of Words.......................................... |
99 |
English Phraseology........................................................... |
99 |
American English.............................................................. |
100 |
A man who doesn’t think for himself does not think at all.
Oscar Wilde
Introduction
Nowadays scientists carry out research in such fields of Linguistics as discourse analysis, pragmatics, cognitive semantics. They analyze various types of texts and speech utterances, taking different approaches.
However, we truly believe that to be successful in any of these studies you should be well aware of the properties of word, its main characteristics and functions. It is not by chance that word is considered to be the main unit of language.
The book contains some practical materials for seminars in English Lexicology. The main aim of the textbook is to teach students to observe, analyze and interpret different language phenomena. Numerous exercises collected in the book serve the purpose.
The exercises which are included in the book vary in length and difficulty. They are meant both for class work and home studies. Some exercises are based on comparison between the English and Russian languages which is, in our opinion, important for a deeper understanding of any language phenomena. The choice of the exercises is left to the teacher.
We hope the book will be useful for the students of English. Firstly, it helps students to upgrade and improve their language skills. Secondly, it is good for the students working on their diploma projects. Finally, it is handy for the students who have their teaching practice because contemporary English textbooks for foreign lan-
6 |
Лексикология английского языка |
|
|
guage learners include numerous exercises based on the main issues of lexicology.
So, as the saying goes: “Practice makes perfect.” It means that the more you try the better you will get at doing things.
Words in Discourse:
Informal Register
1.Analyze the pairs of words. Speak about the difference in their stylistic characteristics
Father – dad; commence – begin; canteen – eatery; milk – cat beer; poet – minstrel; wife – spouse; girl – lass – maiden; good-bye – farewell– bye; policeman – bobby – cop; good-morning – hello – hi.
Find a synonym to the underlined word. What is the difference between them?
A.Their discourse was interrupted.
B.Meet my better half!
C.Jack took his departure.
D.Somebody’s nailed my bag.
E.Where’s Daddy?
F.The old man kicked the bucket.
G.All the money she earns she boozes.
H.Pray, proceed!
I.Here we are now! And don’t look so miz.
J.–“How long did they cook you?
–“Since eight this morning. Over twelve hours!”
–“You didn’t unbutton then?”
8 |
Лексикология английского языка |
|
|
– “Me? They got a lot of dancing to do before they get anything out of me.”
K.I must decline to pursue this painful discussion. It is not pleasant to my feelings. It is repugnant to my feelings!
K.I am not in favour of this modern mania for turning bad people into good people at a moment’s notice.
M.They’ll never apprehend him.
N.Where did you purchase the book?
O.I think it’ll commence quite soon.
2. Match the words from column A with the words from column B
A B
3. Rewrite the sentences using informal English
When are you going to collect your bicycle? Most of the children are very clever. Would you like to go out for a meal? What’s the matter?
The man in the market wanted ten pounds for a ring.
4.Explain the meaning of the underlined words. If necessary use the dictionary
A. It’s rush hour and the roads are chock-a-block.
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT |
9 |
|
|
B.You’re mad, crazy, completely bananas!
C.My boss pays me peanuts.
D.The cops nicked him for driving at seventy in a fifty speed limit
area.
E.She didn’t work hard and flunked her exam.
F.The president stepped out of the stretch limo.
G.Sue has arranged for me to go on a blind date this Saturday with a bloke that she knows through work.
H.We turfed out our old office furniture.
I.The articles he writes are too turgid which makes them difficult to read.
10. That car was a rip-off.
5.Read the dialogue. Prove that it belongs to the informal speech
–What do you think of the exams, Mike? I reckon, they were dead easy.
–Maybe they were easy enough for you but they were much too hard for me.
–Oh, come on. You’ve probably done better than you think.
–No, I’m dead certain I’ve failed in Latin and most likely in French. Thanks goodness it’s all over though. We can forget about it now at least until the results come out.
–Yes. Now I can get on with reading all the books I’ve been wanting to read for months.
–What! Well, it’s up to you, I suppose, I’ve had enough of reading. I’m not going to open another book for months. Don’t you think we all deserve a break?
–Yes. I’ll take a day or two off perhaps. But if I’m going to university in October, I’ll have to get down to some serious work again pretty soon.
–I’ve got to get through A level exams first. I’ll worry about university if and when I ever get there.
10 |
Лексикология английского языка |
|
|
–That’s the trouble with you. You always try to do everything at the last minute.
–And you’re too serious. You never stop swatting.
–Well, I like reading.
–I can’t stand it. I don’t know why I decided to try to go to the university in the first place. I think I’ll run away and join the army or something.
6.Speak about some peculiarities of informal speech using the examples given below. The examples are taken from the films: “Overboard”, “Blind Date”
A.You’re goddamned bored, you gotta invent things.
B.If I ever get you, lady. You’re dead meat! You got that?
C.I’ m sorry I came down on you (was rude).
D.My children may be rotten (bad) but they are mine.
E.It’s a lousy idea.
F.Where’s my damn boots?
G.In the beginning it was okay. I got an “A” in English but I’m flunkin’ math.
H.I see this woman, maybe 35, kinda classy (pretty).
I.Is she reasonably pretty? –“Reasonably” doesn’t begin to describe it. I’m looking at her picture now. She’s an honest-to– got knockout (a real beauty).
J.I thought you were special, I really did. I’m sorry you got fired. I’m sorry you got arrested. But you know why I’m most sorry? I’m sorry you’re not special. That you’re mean and self-pitying. And you don’t give a damn about how I feel. And I feel shitty. O, God!
K.Rambo, shut up! You’ll wake up the whole neighbourhood! What the hell’s got into you?
L.Let’s talk business. But this guy, he don’t wanna hear about it.
M.Things’re still sort of iffy.
N.The boy often plays hooky.