Лексикология английского языка. Practice Makes Perfect. Учебное пособие

B.After competing at Glasgow, she will pack her things and head for Kelly College, an independent school at Devon. Put the hat on to keep your head warm.

C.a) Waskin (a surname of a girl) is hoping to create a splash in an adult world; b) The kids were splashing about in the swimming pool.

D.New EU workers face job curbs. He had a puzzled expression on his face.

E.Families began leaving the aircraft because they feared that the two men on the Monarch Airlines flight to Manchester were suicide bombers. It was dark but the boy showed no signs of fear.

F.One morning Dave woke up to the realization that his only joy was riding his skateboard to work and back. His first idea was to skateboard across Russia, but that was too ambitious.

G.The Tories’ call to put state schools on the same footing as feepaying schools comes as the Government pledges to toughen up the exams in English and Maths. He was called to an emergency meeting this morning.

H.All young people should master the three Rs by the time they leave school. The painting is clearly the work of a master.

I.Dave received $15 for expenses but he pocketed most of it. He lost the keys when they fell out of his pocket.

J.He’s rooming with my friend Smith. I’ll be waiting for you in the conference room upstairs.

13.Explain the semantic correlation within the following pairs of words

Bottle – to bottle, brush – to brush, comb –to comb, dog – to dog, face –to face, hammer – to hammer, house – to house, monkey – to monkey, mouth – to mouth, nose – to nose, nurse –to nurse, pin –to pin, pocket – to pocket, room – to room, supper – to supper.

14.Read the following funny definitions. Explain the type of word-building of the italicized words and say everything you can about the way they were coined

BUDGET –A method of going broke methodically.

Happiness – An illusion caused by the temporary absence of reality.

Jury – A group of people chosen to decide who has the best lawyer.

Liberal – A person who is too poor to be a capitalist, and too rich to be a Communist.

Logic – The art of being wrong with confidence.

Marriage – A triumph of imagination over intelligence.

Patience – The most important ingredient for dating, marriage and children.

Pessimist – A well-informed optimist.

Saint – A person who behaves decently in an indecent society.

Composition

15.Classify the compound words from the point of view of their structure

Chopping board, daughter-in-law, sales tax, concert hall, earthbound, cool-headed, cross-trainers, V-actor, Anglo-Saxon, down-and- out (n.), evergreen (adj.), sunstroke, e-zine, forget-me-not, household, out-of-date, car-club

16.Arrange the compounds given below into two groups: A. Idiomatic. B. Non-idiomatic. Say whether the semantic change within idiomatic compounds is partial or total. Consult the dictionary if necessary

Camp ground, cinemagoer, clodhoppers, cocktail dress, doormat, grasshopper, ladybird, earworm, hedgehog, dragonfly, dressingtable, dumb-struck, dust jacket, cotton-bud, pickpocket, pillowcase, pilot whale, poker-faced (adj.), Portuguese man-of-war, leapfrog, hand-to-hand(adj.), honest-to-goodness (adj.), earwig

17.Identify the compounds in the word-groups below. Say as much as you can about their structure and semantics

A chocolate box view, a clean-shaven man, a day care centre, the cut-off date for registration, a shop selling handicrafts, AfroAmerican music, a dog-eared novel, a door-to-door salesman, a highschool dropout, to read an e-book, an easy-going person, to use eyedrops, to play hide-and-seek, to pick lilies-of the valley, to wear jeans and a T-shirt, to fly in a V-formation, according to eyewitnesses, a face-to-face interview, household chores, to use X-rays, a hot-tem- pered woman, to make a quick U-turn, up-to-date information, a hotshot lawyer, to have a house-warming party, to serve ice-cold drinks

18.In the following sentences find examples of compounds. Write them out in two columns: A. Idiomatic compounds; B. Non-idiomatic compounds. Define their structural type

A.Dr. Evans believes that by 2040 the warming of the Earth and climate disasters will mean the survivors will live as Stone Age hunter-gatherers.

B.Professor Taylor also interviewed Abi Freeman. She’s a wildhaired veteran of a Californian cult called The Children of God.

C.My job entails installing and maintaining telephone lines, fault-finding and coming up with engineering solutions.

D.Reactions of having a female boss in a male-dominated industry are mixed.

E.I would not say no to the opportunity of working abroad for a while and can picture myself managing construction sites in the sunshine in Dubai.

F.The spokeswoman of Treliske Hospital said:” The doctor has not refused to operate, but the operation has been postponed.”

G.Mr. Nuttull cannot understand the U-turn. He said it was a kind of blackmail.

H.He looked pleased with the Diane Merrick leopard-print handbag, though God knows what he would do with it.

I.The Oscar-winning actress ordered a chicken and broccoli takeaway at the Koo Koo Roo restaurant and sat at the table with her food container.

J.Show-business isn’t what it used to be, according to Welsh legend Shirley Bassey, who is morning its loss.

K.Pete Doherty performed with his band Babyshambles at the weekend’s V-music festival at Chelmsford, Essex.

19.Say whether the following lexical units are word-groups or compounds. Motivate your answer

A middle-man, a middle drawer, a straight line, a hot line, a smart house, a hot-house, lemon grass, lemon juice, a loan word, a new word, a white loaf of bread, meat loaf, an old cap, a swimming cap, dairy man, an elderly man, a plastic comb, honey-comb, a black eye, blue eyes, raw meat, sweet meat, cooked beans, jelly beans.

20.Form compound adjectives from the stems given below and use them in the sentences

A.World-, short-, sun-, absent-, fair-, eye-, hand-, four-

B.– haired, -star, -catching, -famous, -minded, -made, -sighted, -tanned.

1.They stayed in a ____ hotel.

2.He is a ___ actor.

3.After her holiday in Greece she had a ___face.

4.I can’t see very clearly. I’m a bit ____.

5.She was wearing an ___ dress.

6.All these items are ___ by skilled craftsmen.

7.My grandmother’s becoming very ___.

8.She was a __woman with blue eyes.

21.Find the examples of compound words with “half-” as their first element in dictionaries, write them out and translate them into Russian. How are these words written? For example: half-hearted. How do these words differ from other compounds?

22.Write out the following abbreviations into two columns: a) acronyms; b) initialisms. Give the word combinations from which they were formed and explain their meaning

ATM, TEAM, UFO, VIP, CC, FEAR, GM, IQ, PC, PIN, AIDS, SAD, PR, GDP, SASE, SAM, ZIP, WTO, BOGOF, WOMBAT, HAND, B2B, B2C, CEO

23.Find the meanings of the following words. How are they coined in English? Characterize them from the point of view of style

Hurry-scurry, chop-chop (intj.), dum-dum, hip-hop, hotch-potch, buddy-buddy (adj.), gender-blender, nodge-podge, wishy-washy.

24.What is the type of word-building by which the italicized words in the following extracts were made?

A.The blood type diet is chosen by celebs because it promises to help you lose weight and feel healthier.

B.The plan recommends organic fruit and veg and drinking lots of water.

C.Each light contains a super bright LED that lasts up to 100 hours on a single set of batteries.

D.UK’s low-wage economy fuels the brain drain.

E.Film-maker Daisy Asquith meets some very OAPs over the age of 100 who still have a youthful glint in their eyes.

F.Play all your favorite LPs, 45s and 78s, copy them onto your PC and transfer them onto CDs and MP3 players.

G.Victoria Beckham is a fan of this new diet book which describes itself as “no-nonsense, tough-love guide for girls who want to stop eating rubbish.”

H.British Airways is to launch flight between European capitals and the US next year. A BA spokesman said it intended to fly between a number of European capitals and the US using Boeing 757 jets.

25.Read the following words that are neologisms. Explain their meaning. Consult a dictionary. Define the particular type of word-building process by which they were coined

Birtism, burb (n.), foodie (n.), gobsmacked, hearing dog, hotting (n.), homesitter, home-shopping, mobile, power nap, quad bike, road kill (n.), squarial, wolf-dog, V-chip.

26.Define the type of word-building process by which the following words were made

An alarm clock, to room, a cut, pick-me-up (n.), self-defence, a phone, a Zoo, an Afro-American, WC, water-proof (adj.), CAL, calculation, A-level, a bike, a cheer-leader, to buzz, WASP, paw-paw, multimedia, to beg, a brunch, ping-pong, to mew, a gent, a statesman, to force-land, boogie-woogie, a bookworm, to bang, a hood, a legislady, a roo, a fridge, to clink, a vegeburger, a newsreader, pay-as- you-go (adj.)

27.Read the following joke. Consider the italicized words in respect of: a) word-building, b) etymology, c) style and say everything you know about them.

Mink Coat

A middle-aged man and a woman walk into a very posh Rodeo Drive furrier. “Show the lady your finest mink!” the fellow exclaims. So the owner of the shop goes in back and comes out with an absolutely gorgeous full-length coat. As the lady tries it on, the furrier discreetly whispers to the man, “Ah, sir, that particular fur goes for $65,000.”

“No problem! I’ll write you a check!”

“Very good, sir.” says the storekeeper.” Today is Saturday. You may come by on Monday to pick it up, after the check has cleared.”

So the man and the woman leave. On Monday, the fellow returns. The store owner is outraged. “How dare you show your face in here?! There wasn’t a single penny in your banking account!’

“I just had to come by,” grinned the guy “to thank you for the most wonderful weekend of my life!”

Words and Their Meanings

1.Define the meanings of words in the following sentences. Say how the meanings of the same word are connected with one another

A.a) The only time I leave the house is to see somebody with a medical qualification. b) Can you leave me some money for the bus?

B.a) The young man had vanished and there were no eye-wit- nesses to the attack. b) The company has come under attack for its decision to close the plant.

C.a) Mrs. Coleman gave a very spirited account of her attack to the local paper. She was speaking from her son’s home where she was recovering from the injuries. b) In the morning shares seemed to recover from Monday’s collapse. c) The card is printed on recycled paper.

D.a) Ministers came under fire for “failing” veterans who had risked their lives for the country. b) The house was badly damaged in the fire.

E.a) Tiny earpieces which link to mobile phones or iPods are being marketed specially to help pupils boost their test results. b) The European Monetary system was designed to link together the currencies in the European Community.

F.a) The 11-day hunt for six trapped coal miners in the US was halted yesterday after three rescuers were killed. b) We are going on a fox hunt.

G.a) Shakespeare’s plays are being rewritten as comic strips for pupils who find them boring. b) Hold on while I find the car keys.

H.a) Examiners have complained that pupils discuss Shakespeare’s plays as if they were soap operas and pepper their essays with conversational cliches2 and references to popular culture. b) Pepper the steak well.

I.a) Here is your chance to stand out from the crowd. We have a range of short-sleeved polo-shirts on offer and you can have them embroidered with your name or initials. b) Stand Molly up on the chair so that she can see everything well.

2.Copy out the following pairs of words and group together the ones which represent the same meaning of each word. Give reasons for your answers. Use dictionaries if necessary

Floor, n.

A dirty floor, to live on the third floor, the floor of the sea, to leave the dancing floor, to play on the floor, the bathroom floor, the ground floor, the floor of the cave, to work on the factory floor.

Funny, adj.

A funny joke, to have some funny ideas about bringing up children, to feel funny, a funny story, to go a bit funny, to try some funny business, to sound funny on the phone, to have some funny looks.

Kill, v.

To kill a bird, to kill one’s speed, to kill the engine, my feet are killing me, to kill a dog, to kill one’s husband, my head’s killing me.

Knit, v.

To knit a sweater, to knit sentences together, to knit one’s brows, to knit socks, to knit people in a team.

Nest, n.

The nest of a bird, an alligator’s nest, a nest of spies, a nest of thieves, a field mouse’s nest, a nest of tables for the living-room, a nest of boxes

Weak, adj.

To feel weak, a weak baby, a weak argument, a weak link, a weak spot, weak tea, a weak excuse, a weak attempt, weak coffee.