Культурно-просветительская деятельность в учреждениях культуры XXI века. Учебное пособие

ɆɂɇɂɋɌȿɊɋɌȼɈ ɇȺɍɄɂ ɂ ȼɕɋɒȿȽɈ ɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɂɃ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ɋɈɐɂȺɅɖɇɕɃ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌ

ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɇɈ-ɉɊɈɋȼȿɌɂɌȿɅɖɋɄȺə ȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɖ ȼ ɍɑɊȿɀȾȿɇɂəɏ ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɕ ɏɏI ȼȿɄȺ

ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ

Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ

ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ

2020

ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɟɬ «ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ», ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɲɟɦ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɤɪɭɝɨɡɨɪɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ. ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ «ɠɢɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ» ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟ.

Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ. ɗɬɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ. ɋɦɟɧɚ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɞɲɚɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɚ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ. Ɋɨɫɬ ɧɚɪɤɨɦɚɧɢɢ, ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɢɡɦɚ, ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɚɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɭɞɚɱ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɨɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɫɭɝ, ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɥɸɡɢɸ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɟɩɪɟɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɇɨ ɷɬɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɵɧɤɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ (ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ, ɩɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɲɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ). ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɭ ɟɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɭɦɟ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ.

4

ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢ ɪɨɥɢ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ȼ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɰɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ, ɜ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ - ɞɨɫɭɝɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɥ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɪɭɬɢɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɤɚɤ «ɰɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ». Ⱦɨɫɭɝ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɭɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɟɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɢ, ɩɨɠɢɥɵɟ), ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɛɟɡɪɚɛɨɬɧɵɟ, ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɵ), ɥɸɞɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɣ, ɢɡɛɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ «ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ», ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ.

ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ. Ɉɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɚɫɶ Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɜɚɧɟɫɨɜɨɣ, ȼ.ɇ. Ƚɚɝɢɧɵɦ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. ɀɚɪɤɨɜɵɦ, Ɍ.Ƚ. Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɨɣ, ȿ.Ɇ. Ʉɥɸɫɤɨ, Ʌ.ɉ. Ʉɨɪɨɛɢɰɵɧɨɣ, Ɉ.ȼ. Ʉɨɱɧɟɜɵɦ, ɇ.Ⱦ. Ʉɪɚɫɢɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ, ȼ.Ɇ. Ɋɹɛɤɨɜɵɦ, Ⱥ.Ɇ. ɋɚɜɱɟɧɤɨ, ɂ.ȼ. ɋɟɞɢɧɨɣ, ɘ.Ⱥ. ɋɬɪɟɥɶɰɨɜɵɦ, ɋ.ɘ. Ɏɟɞɨɬɨɜɨɣ, ɇ.ɇ. əɪɨɲɟɧɤɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ; ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ Ɇ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɪɢɚɪɫɤɢɦ, Ƚ.ɉ. Ȼɥɢɧɨɜɨɣ, ȿ.Ⱥ. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɵɦ, Ⱥ.Ɏ. ȼɨɥɨɜɢɤɨɦ, ȼ.Ⱥ. ȼɨɥɨɜɢɤɨɦ, ȿ.ɂ. Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɶɟɜɨɣ, ɇ.ɂ. Ƚɭɝɭɲɜɢɥɢ, Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɚɦɟɧɰɨɦ, ȿ.Ɇ. Ʉɥɸɫɤɨ,ȼ.Ⱥ. Ʌɚɩɲɢɧɵɦ, Ȼ.Ƚ. Ɇɨɫɚɥɟɜɵɦ, ȼ.ȿ. ɇɨɜɚɬɨɪɨɜɵɦ, Ⱥ.ȼ. ɋɚɫɵɯɨɜɵɦ, ɘ.Ⱥ. ɋɬɪɟɥɶɰɨɜɵɦ, ȼ.ȼ. Ɍɭɟɜɵɦ, ȼ.Ɇ. ɑɢɠɢɤɨɜɵɦ, ɋ.ȼ. ɑɭɪɢɥɨɜɨɣ; ɞɨɫɭɝ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɫɹ Ƚ.Ɇ. Ȼɢɪɠɟɧɸɤɨɦ, ɂ.Ⱥ. Ȼɭɬɟɧɤɨ, Ɍ.ɂ. Ʌɚɩɬɟɜɨɣ, Ⱥ.ɉ. Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɵɦ, Ƚ.Ɏ. Ɉɧɭɮɪɢɟɧɤɨ, Ɋ.Ɋ. Ʉɪɵɥɨɜɵɦ-ɂɨɞɤɨ, Ɉ.ɉ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɧɤɨ, Ʌ.ȼ. ɍɫɬɸɠɚɧɢɧɨɣ; ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɪɭɞɚɯ ɇ.ɂ. Ⱥɧɭɮɪɢɟɜɨɣ, Ɍ.ɂ. Ȼɚɤɥɚɧɨɜɨɣ, ɗ.ȼ. Ȼɵɤɨɜɨɣ, Ⱦ.ɘ. Ȼɨɪɨɞɢɧɚ, ɂ.ɂ. Ƚɨɪɛɚɬɨɜɨɣ, ɇ.Ƚ. Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɨɣ, ɘ.ȿ. ɋɨɤɨɥɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ, ȿ.ɂ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɨɣ, ȼ.ȿ. Ɍɪɢɨɞɢɧɚ; ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɧɨ-ɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ

5

ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɭɱɚɥɚɫɶ ȼ.ɇ. Ƚɚɝɢɧɵɦ, Ⱦ.Ɇ. Ƚɟɧɤɢɧɵɦ, Ⱥ.Ⱦ. ɀɚɪɤɨɜɵɦ, Ɇ.ɋ. Ʉɢɪɨɜɨɣ, ȼ.ɂ. Ʉɨɪɨɬɚɟɜɵɦ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ɇɚɡɚɟɜɵɦ, Ɉ.ɂ. Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɵɦ, ȼ.ȼ. ɉɚɧɮɢɥɨɜɵɦ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɋɭɛɛɨɦ, Ⱥ.Ⱦ. ɋɢɥɢɧɵɦ, ɋ.ȼ. ɑɭɪɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ.

ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ, ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɵɲɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɋɨɫɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ, ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɦɢ: ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɞɪɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɚɱɟ, ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ.

6

ɊȺɁȾȿɅ 1. ȾȿɌȿɊɆɂɇȺɇɌɕ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɈȼ ȼ ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɇɈ-

ɉɊɈɋȼȿɌɂɌȿɅɖɋɄɈɃ ȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɂ ɍɑɊȿɀȾȿɇɂɃ ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɕ ɄɅɍȻɇɈȽɈ ɌɂɉȺ

ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɝɞɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɢɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ.

Ɍɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɵ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɭɛɚ. Ʉɥɭɛ – ɷɬɨ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ.

Ɉɫɨɛɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɝɞɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ. Ʉɥɭɛɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ «ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ» ɨɬ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɡɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɡɧɚ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

ɗɬɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɞɧɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɋɆɂ, ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ, ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɛɟɫɟɞɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ.

ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɲɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟ ɫɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɭɝɨɡɨɪɚ, ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ. ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ, ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ, ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɩɪɨ-

7

ɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ.

Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ, ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ.

Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ, ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɣ ɞɨɫɭɝ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɨɣ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɟɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɜɢɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɚɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɢɡɦɚ, ɧɚɪɤɨɦɚɧɢɢ, ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɝɪɨɦɟɧ. Ɉɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ. ɇɚɡɨɜɟɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ.

1.Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.

2.Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɸ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.

3.Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɝɞɟ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ.

4.Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.

5.ȼɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɥɭɛɧɭɸ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɸ.

8

ȼ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɪɨɞɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.

Ɉɫɨɛɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɟ ɤɥɭɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɯ ɤɥɭɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ.

ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ. Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɫɨ ɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɟɧɵ «ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ» ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ, ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɭɥɶ- ɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ. ɇɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ, ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «ɨɬɞɵɯɚɹ, ɩɨɡɧɚɟɦ» ɧɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɥ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɸ «ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɹ», ɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨ «ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ» ɬ.ɟ. ɫɨɡɢɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɚɠɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɡɤɨ – ɤɚɤ ɫɧɹɬɢɟ ɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɨ ɜɵɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ, ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ.

ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶ ɱɚɳɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɫɹ ɧɟɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɧɟɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ. ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɜɨɨɞɭɲɟɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ, ɬɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ. ɗɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɤɚɤ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɦ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ

9

ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ.

ɗɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɤɢ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɟɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ, ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɢ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɟɧ ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɪɭɬɢɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ, ɬɨ ɜ ɤɥɭɛɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɨɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɦ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɹ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɸ ɫ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɦɢɪɨɦ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ.

ɂ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɧɚɞɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɭ ɨɝɨɜɨɪɤɭ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ. ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦ ɮɚɤɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɨɛɳɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɧɟɩɪɢɬɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ, ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ, ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ, ɧɚɛɨɪ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ.

Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɚ, ɦɵ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɞɟɥɨ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɨɬɭɩɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɩɪɨɛɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɧɤɬɵ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ.

ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ, ɝɞɟ ɪɨɥɶ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ-

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