Культурно-просветительская деятельность в учреждениях культуры XXI века. Учебное пособие
.pdfɤɚ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɠɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɹɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɚɪɤɚ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɷɬɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɥɢɫɶ, ɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɩɚɪɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɤɢ, ɫɦɟɧɵ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɣ (ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ). Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜɚɠɧɚ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɫ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɚɪɤɨɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ: 1) ɩɚɪɤ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ; 2) ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɚɪɤɚ; 3) ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ; 4) ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɫɥɨɠɟɧ ɫɚɦ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɧɢ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɤɚ ɟɳɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɭɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɦɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɢ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ.
Ƚɨɜɨɪɹ ɨ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɚɪɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ, ɩɚɪɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ – ɷɬɨ ɢ ɱɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɥ, ɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɨɧ, ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ, ɢ ɬɚɧɰɟɜɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɚɧɞɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɜɢɞɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɚɪɤ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɜ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɪɚɣɨɧɚ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɩɚɪɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ «ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ» ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɜɫɟɯ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɰɢ- ɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ȼ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɩɚɪɤ – ɷɬɨ ɥɢɰɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ «ɫɦɨɬɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ». ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ, ɨɛɳɟɪɚɣɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɚɪɤɚɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ.
ȼ ɩɚɪɤɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ. ȼ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɩɚɪɤ ɩɨɞɨɛɟɧ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ «ɹɪɦɚɪɤɟ», «ɤɚɪɭɫɟɥɢ», ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɟ ɧɟɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɫɨɡɟɪɰɚɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ. ɋɚɦ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɟɧ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɪɚɛɨ-
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ɬɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɬɟɚɬɪɟ ɷɬɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɚɧɬɪɚɤɬɟ, ɜ ɤɢɧɨɬɟɚɬɪɟ ɨɧɨ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ. ȼ ɩɚɪɤɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ: ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɤɚ, ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɨɜ, ɧɚ ɬɚɧɰɟɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ, ɡɨɧɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɢɝɪ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɉɚɪɤɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ «ɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɥɢɰɟɣ», ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɢ «ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ» ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦ. ɉɚɪɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɟ, ɪɚɫɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ.
ɉɪɢɯɨɞɹ ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɭ, ɤɢɧɨɬɟɚɬɪ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜ ɦɭɡɟɣ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɨɱɟɪɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɞɢɤɬɭɸɳɭɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɠɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬ ɭɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɤ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ, ɬ.ɤ. ɩɚɪɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣ, ɫɚɦɵɦ «ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ» ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ. ɇɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɷɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ.
ɉɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɤɨɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ – ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ. ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɚɪɤɚ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɟɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɉɚɪɤɨɜɚɹ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɚɪɤɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɵɯ, ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɹɜɧɨ ɭ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɫɦɟɧɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɣ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
ɇɨ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɟ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɚɪɤɚ) ɢɦɟɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɱɬɟɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ.
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɚɪɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɮɨɪɦ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
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ɋ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ.
1.Ɉɧɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɫɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ (ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ, ɨɬɞɵɯ).
2.Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢ ɫɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ.
3.ɗɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
4.ɗɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɟ, ɫɨɡɟɪɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɜɪɨɥɢ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
5.ȼ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɫɦɟɧɵ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɩɚɪɤɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
6.ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ. ɗɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ – ɟɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, «ɬɟɤɭɱɟɫɬɢ». ɉɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɱɟɦ-ɬɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɚɪɤɚ.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɟ. Ⱦɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚɦ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɚ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ «ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ» ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ, ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ.
ȼɵɲɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɉɄɢɈ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɭɸ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ, ɜɢɞ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɩɪ. Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɡɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ, ɧɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ "ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɸɳɢɯ" ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɚɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɚɪɤɨɜ ɠɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
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Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɄɢɈ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɤɨɜ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ.
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ "ɪɚɡɪɵɜ" ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɪɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ, ɫɥɭɲɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪ. ȼ ɉɄɢɈ ɷɬɨɬ ɪɚɡɪɵɜ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ (ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɵ, ɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɢ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɵ, ɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɪ.) ɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɡɚ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɚɯ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɝɞɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɢ), ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ.
Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɉɄɢɈ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɟɟ ɨɛɳɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ, ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɱɟɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɚɪɤɨɜ, ɬ.ɤ. ɷɬɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɬ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ, ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɩɟɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ.
ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɉɄɢɈ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚ-
84
ɰɢɣ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɉɄɢɈ ɢɡ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ 'ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɉɄɢɈ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɫ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɨɬɤɚɡ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ, ɫɬɪɨɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɠɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɉɄɢɈ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɩɪɨɜɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɷɬɸɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɚɫɶ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ "ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ ɩɚɪɤɚ", ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɬɪɟɦɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɸ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ (ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ, ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ, ɨɬɞɵɯ, ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ). ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɚɯ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɨ-ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ - ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɟɪɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɉɄɢɈ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɩɚɪɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ:
(1) "ɩɚɪɤ—ɤɥɭɛ", ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɫɪɟɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɟɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɢ (2) "ɩɚɪɤ-ɬɟɚɬɪ", ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨ-
85
ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ, "ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɟɛɹ" ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɚɦɢ ɦɨɞɵ, ɫɬɢɥɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ. Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɵ ɩɚɪɤɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɜ ɉɄɢɈ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɭ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɚɦɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɷɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɚɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.
Ɋɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɢɝɪɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɉɄɢɈ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɜ ɉɄɢɈ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ "ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ" ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɬ ɪɨɥɢ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɪɨɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɚ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɉɄɢɈ, ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ, ɩɹɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ: "ɜɵɫɬɚɜɨɱɧɚɹ" ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, "ɤɥɭɛ-ɝɨɫɬɢɧɚɹ", "ɢɝɪɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɧɢɟ", "ɤɚɪɧɚɜɚɥɶɧɚɹ" ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, "ɜɵɫɬɚɜɨɱɧɚɹ" ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ.
ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɬɢɩɵ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɉɄɢɈ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɦɭ ɨɬɞɵɯɭ. Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɚɹ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦɭ ɬɢɩɭ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ: ɞɥɹ «ɜɵɫɬɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ», ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡ-
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ɰɨɜ, ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ; ɞɥɹ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ "ɤɥɭɛɚ-ɝɨɫɬɢɧɨɣ", ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɢɬɭɚɥɨɜ, ɨɛɪɹɞɨɜ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ; ɞɥɹ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɟɣ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥ, ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ "ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ" ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ; "ɤɚɪɧɚɜɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ" ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɚɫɨɤ, ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ, ɜɨɩɥɨɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɸɠɟɬɨɜ; ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɜɵɫɬɚɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ-2 ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɧɵɯ ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ.
Ɉɫɨɛɭɸ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɹɞɨɜɨ-ɪɢɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɚɤ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ.
ɋɭɬɶ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɚɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɵɝɪɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɨɹɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɟɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɟ, ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɢɦɩɪɨɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨɥɹɧɚ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɫɧɢ). Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɹɞɨɜɨ-ɪɢɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɟ.
ɂɡ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɯɭ- ɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɚɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ, ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɧɨ ɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ) ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɚɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɨɜɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɥɭɱɲɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɫɟɧ ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɟɱɟɪɚ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ). Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ
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ɮɨɪɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɚɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ.
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
1.Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɚɪɤɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɤɚɤ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ.
2.ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɚɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ.
3.Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɤɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ.
4.ɉɚɪɤ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.Ⱥɧɭɮɪɢɟɜɚ ɇ.ɂ., Ʉɚɦɟɧɟɰ Ⱥ.ȼ., Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɶɟɜɚ ȿ.ɂ., Ʉɚɡɚɤɨɜɚ ɂ.ɋ., ɘɳɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ɋ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɨɰɢ- ɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. Ɇ.: ɊȽɋɍ, 2018. 153 ɫ.
2.ɉɚɪɤ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯ. ȼɵɩ. 1. Ɇ.: ɇɂɂɄ, 1973. - 318ɫ.
3.ɉɚɪɤ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯ.- ȼɵɩ.2. Ɇ.: ɇɂɂɄ, 1977. - 302ɫ.
4.ɉɚɪɤ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯ. ȼɵɩ.Ɂ. Ɇ.: ɇɂɂɄ, 1978. - 422ɫ.
5.ɉɚɪɤ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯ. ȼɵɩ.4. Ɇ.: ɇɂɂɄ, 1980. - 167ɫ.
6.ɉɚɪɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɱ.1. Ɇ.: ɇɂɂɄ, 1973.- 39ɫ .
7.ɉɚɪɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɱ.2. Ɇ.: ɇɂɂɄ, 1973.- 43ɫ.
8.ɉɚɪɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ɱ.Ɂ. Ɇ.: ɇɂɂɄ, 1973.- 4-1 ɫ.
9.ɉɚɪɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɱ.4. Ɇ.: ɇɂɂɄ, 1973.- 43ɫ.
10.ɉɚɪɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ȼɵɩ.1. Ɇ.: ɇɂɂɄ, 1974. - 119ɫ.
11.ɉɚɪɤ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ. ȼɵɩ. 1. - Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɱɧɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, 1973. - 310 ɫ.
12.ɉɚɪɤ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ. ȼɵɩ. 2. - Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɱɧɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, 1975. - 295 ɫ.
13.əɪɨɲɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ɇ. ɋɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ: ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ, ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ: Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ. Ɇ.: ɆȽɍɄɂ, 2000. 204 ɫ.
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ɊȺɁȾȿɅ 6. ɉɈɅɂɏɍȾɈɀȿɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɃ ɊȿɋɍɊɋ ɇȺɊɈȾɇɈɃ
ɌɊȺȾɂɐɂɂ ȼ ɋɂɋɌȿɆȿ ɆȺɋɋɈȼɈȽɈ ɆɍɁɕɄȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ ɉɊɈɋȼȿɌɂɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȺ
ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɷɬɧɨɫɨɜ. ȼ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ, ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɫɦɟɫɬɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɭɫɬɭɩɚɹ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɨɪɭ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɥɨ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɵɦ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɨɫɬɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ:
xɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɭɦɧɨɠɚɬɶ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɟ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɝɞɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɚɝ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɭ, ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ;
xɨɬɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɣ, ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ-ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ;
xɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ
ɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɨɞɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
89
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɫɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɠɚɧɪɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɹ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɝɞɟ ɜɟɞɭɳɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɭ.
ȼɵɞɟɥɹɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɞɪɚ ɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɚɱɚɥ: ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɱɭɞɥɢɜɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɹɫɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ, ɷɬɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɢɦɛɢɨɡɵ ɯɭɞɨɠɟ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɮɨɪɦ ɛɵɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ «ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪ» ɢ «ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɢɡɦ», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ, ɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɦɟɥɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ, ɪɟɲɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ.
Ɋɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɧɟɫ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɚ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɵ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɚ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɫɧɢ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶ- ɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɚ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ.
Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪ, ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɹ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɵɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɝɪɨɜɵɟ ɢɦɩɪɨɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ.
əɪɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɭ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɚ ɤɚɤ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɤ-
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