Иностранный язык. Английский язык. Учебное пособие

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации

ФЕДЕРАЛЬ НОЕ Г ОСУД АРСТВЕ ННОЕ БЮДЖЕТ НОЕ ОБ РАЗ ОВАТЕЛ ЬНОЕ УЧРЕ ЖДЕ НИЕ ВЫСШЕГ О ОБ РАЗ ОВАНИЯ

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет промышленных технологий и дизайна

А. В. Коханова Е. С. Марницына А. О. Чахоян

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Утверждено Редакционно-издательским советом университета в качестве учебного пособия

Санкт-Петербург

2023

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УДК 811.111(075.8) ББК 81.432.1я73

К75

Рецензенты:

кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков Высшей школы технологии и энергетики Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета промышленный

технологий и дизайна К. А. Сечина;

кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков Высшей школы технологии и энергетики Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета промышленный

технологий и дизайна Ю. И. Назарчук

ISBN 978-5-7937-2380-0

Учебное пособие содержит основные рекомендации по подготовке разговорных экзаменационных тем при изучении дисциплины «Иностранный язык» в СПбГУПТД.

Предназначается для обучающихся1-х и 2-х курсов всех направлений подготовки по программам специалитета и бакалавриата очной полной и сокращенной форм обучения и включают в себя материалы с заданиями по девяти темам для аудиторных занятий, тексты для дополнительного чтения с ссылками на онлайн-ресурсы для самостоятельной подготовки, а также глоссарий с подключением к сетевому ресурсу с электронными лексическими карточками и возможностью проверки знаний посредством прохождения теста.

УДК 811.111(075.8) ББК 81.432.1я73

ISBN 978-5-7937-2380-0

Ó ФГБОУВО «СПбГУПТД», 2023 Ó А. В. Коханова, 2023 Ó Е. С. Марницына, 2023 Ó А. О. Чахоян, 2023

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Modern Family

Introduction

I.Read the possible introduction.

A family is recognized as a group of people who shares DNA, love, respect, commitment and will help one another within any situation. The importance of a family is to instruct children and give guidance about personal values and social behavior. Unfortunately, in today’s world countless problems complicate this meaning. Family structure has changed dramatically over the last 50 years.

II. Fill in the gaps using the words from the table

The word ‘family’ can be traced back to the Latin word ‘familia’. This word referred to an entire ………..: not just the parents and children who formed the traditional ……….. family but also the household servants. Biological, ‘nuclear’ family includes ………., parents and siblings, whilst an extended family includes in-laws, uncles, aunts, ……… and so on. Additionally, some people consider their friends to be their ‘real’ family as these are the people that they turn to when … ……….

Families are, after all, pretty flexible: children and adults can be ………. into the family and seen as part of the family for a variety of reasons.

Main body

III. Add the scheme of an extended family. Give its definition. Think about other types of families.

The nuclear family is the traditional type of family structure. This family type consists of two parents and children.

IV. All families face challenges from time to time. Some common challenges families face include things like moving house, separation or divorce and so on. Write down some other problems and challenges a family can face, name them and describe their impact on the family.

e.g. Challenge 1:

V. The family issues could be categorized into three categories, which are social, emotional, and financial. Social issues or social problems relate to the perceptions of one’s life and moral character. Emotional issues affect one’s ability to be stable; some feelings may be happy, sad, or even depressed. Lastly, financial issues affect the ability to buy what you want or need.

Divide family issues into three categories:

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domestic violence…

VI. Read some tips to cope with family problems.

1. Talk – communication is the key and often the first step to finding solutions. Be calm and honest about your concerns when discussing your problems with a loved one.

2. Accept your differences – it can help to avoid unnecessary conflict if you can recognize that people have different ideas, opinions and beliefs and you may not always agree with.

3. Have fun together – even when things are tough, it's important to find the time to have fun with your loved ones.

4.Make a plan – it can help to reduce stress and give common goals to work towards. For example, if you are having financial problems it can help to create a budget.

5.Get help – you may not always be able to solve your problems yourself so you may need some external help.

VII. In groups, look at the cartoons below and discuss these questions.

1.Which problem does each cartoon refer to?

2.Do cartoons illustrate social, emotional or financial problems?

3.Which of the problems do you see as the most serious?

4.What recommendations would you give to these people?

5.Have you ever been in a similar situation? What have you done?

VIII. What is the main purpose of a family? Read some opinions and add your own.

Clare Celea: The purpose of a family is to give you a safe and supportive base from which to explore the world.

Nan Waldman: The purpose of a first family is to imprint its members with information necessary to create an improved second family. The first family is the one we are born into. The second family is the one we choose to create with other people.

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Akash Desai: Family is a construct, which helps us become part of society. It is the way we learn the 'norms' of society and learn how to deal with all the complicated aspects of it.

Mike Leary: It is the cauldron, which forms your character and beliefs. Your first loves and the ability to love others. It is supposed to prepare you for society, which is not your family.

IX. Translate into English.

Проблемы современной семьи относятся к числу наиболее важных. Семья, ее формы и функции напрямую зависят от общественных отношений в целом, а также от уровня культурного развития общества. Ранее считалось, что основное назначение семьи– удовлетворение общественных, групповых и индивидуальных потребностей. Являясь социальной ячейкой общества, семья удовлетворяет ряд его важнейших потребностей,в том

числе и в воспроизводстве населения. В то же время она удовлетворяет личностные потребности каждого своего члена , а также общесемейные (групповые) потребности. Поэтому мы выделяем основные функции семьи: репродуктивную, экономическую, воспитательную, коммуникативную, организацию досуга и отдыха.

Conclusion

X.Read possible endings for the topic. Suggest your own ending.

a)Our family can be whatever we make it: it can consist only of blood relatives or it can also

include close friends. From promoting your inner growth to giving you financial support, your family will help you to achieve all of your goals.

b) When you have your family by your side, you never need to feel that you are alone as you step out into the world. There is always a whole team of people behind you who want the best for you and who will always be there to call upon when you need someone to talk to or a helping hand.

XI. Answer the questions and discuss them in groups.

1.What are major differences between modern families and traditional families?

2.Do children in families today differ from children 100 years ago? How?

3.Why has a family concept changed during the last century?

4.What family problems can you mention?

5.What are the ways to overcome family problems?

6.What kind of a family would you like to build up?

7.Do you consider your friends to be your family? Why?

Additional resources: https://mantracare.org/therapy/parenting-family/family-problems/

https://stuklopechat.com/novosti-i-obschestvo/71348-semeynye-cennosti-primery-problemy- sovremennoy-semi.html https://quizlet.com/670365024/modern-family-vocabulary-quiz-9-12-flash-cards/ – definitions https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/vocabulary/b2-c1-vocabulary/family

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Problems of Leisure & Priorities

‘All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy’.

Proverb

Introduction

I. Read possible introductions.

Option A The most important currency in life isn’t money, it’s time. The problem is that many of us are spending our free time in ways that aren’t really making us happy, for example, watching TV, browsing social media, or engaging in bad habits. These activities hold back our personal success. Leisure doesn’t improve quality of life if you don’t know how to use it effectively.

Option B The ancient Athenian ideal of leisure was the absence of the necessity of being occupied. However, most modern people regard contemplation as simply a waste of time. Being busy has become a primary indicator of importance. The problems of time use in our society and the balance between work and leisure are not connected to working longer hours. They actually have to do with our attitudes toward time and uneven distribution of leisure across the life cycle.

Main body

II. Match the words which are connected with different past time activities with the comments in the first column. Consult a dictionary to check if the words from the second column are used with the verb ‘to play’, ‘to go’, ‘to do’ or ‘to make’.

III Fill in the gaps with the words from the box.

1. ESPN, the American TV sports network, organized the first X Games in 1995 and coined the phrase

_____. However, some older, more traditional sports, such as freestyle skiing, _____, surfing and water skiing, are also sometimes considered extreme sports.

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2.In 1980 two ice hockey-playing brothers realized that _____ could be used for training and practice when there was no ice. They started to make their own skates to sell to friends and eventually set up their own company ‘Rollerblade’. They were so successful that this type of skates are often known simply as ‘Rollerblades’.

3.Most of teenagers have babysitting job and receive an ___ from their parents.

4.Ross is 17 years old and plays in a band so he spends much of his _____ _____ working on music.

5.Nowadays, a lot of young people see smart phones and _____ computers as something useful for classes and homework not just as toys.

6.According to modern studies, almost all the gains Americans have made in free time, have been given over to more television viewing. Researchers associate this type of behaviour with deterioration in mood, decreased ___ ___, declines in physical fitness, and increases in ___.

IV. Look at the chart showing how Rachel spends each hour of her time in a typical week. Discuss the questions under the pie chart.

1.Does Rachel work, or is she a student?

2.What does she like doing most in her free time?

3.Is Rachel a sport person, or more of a ‘coach potato’?

4.Does she have any hobby?

5.Is Rachel computer-addict?

6.How is you lifestyle similar to or different from hers?

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V. Draw a chart (or just make a list of activities) similar to Rachel’s. Include the activities from Rachel’s chart and any other hobbies or activities that you do. Work with a partner and discuss your charts. What do you like or dislike about your typical week? What would you like to change?

VI. Look through the following topic sentences. In pairs, brainstorm ideas to be mentioned in paragraphs with such topic sentences. You are more than welcome to search the Internet to find some good examples, impressive statistics and information.

a)Whether it’s a jaw-dropping move on a skateboard or raw speed of BMX, there’s no doubt that extreme sports have taken off in a big way over the last twenty-five years.

b)Back in the 1970s, a typical family day out was a trip to the local leisure centre. And they were basically all the same, with a large rectangular swimming pool, a separate deep-water area with several diving boards and a kiddie-pool. And that was it.

c)The best way to relax for me is…

d) However, to have a free time is not the main thing, it’s important to organize it properly and it is done with the help of time management.

e)Sometimes the ways young people spend their free time varies according to the country, as they sometimes depend on national traditions. For example, …

f)A thing we do in our free time for recreation and pleasure is called a hobby.

g)By following simple rules and applying them regularly, you will organize your life in a way that adds calm to your days and order to your weeks.

VII. Choose two or three of the topic sentences from the exercise above and develop them into good paragraphs. Use them as the main body of your topic.

VIII. Translate from Russian into English. You are welcome to use the facts in your own topic.

Опрос россиян, проведенный в мае 2019 года «Левада-центром» показал, что:

–просмотр фильмов и сериалов является наиболее популярным занятием в свободное время, поскольку подобным образом свой досуг ежедневно проводит каждый второй россиянин.

–79 % опрошенных смотрят фильмы и телесериалы хотя бы один раз в неделю.

–Две трети сограждан не реже одного раза в неделю встречаются с друзьями.

–На третьем месте в списке популярных форм досугапоходы в гости к друзьям и родственникам или прием гостей (42 % и 43 % участников опроса соответственно).

–В последние годы у россиян не очень популярно чтение художественной литературы: 27 % читают книги несколько раз в год, 28 % не читают вообще.

–Однако 39 % россиян регулярно читают газеты и журналы.

–Реже всего россияне ходят в театры, музеи и на концерты, а 55 % опрошенных их не посещали никогда.

IX. Read possible endings of the topic and discuss what introduction and topic sentences would fit every ending.

a)So, to finish, I’d like to say that the problem of free time activities is successfully solved for me. Frankly speaking, I, like most of my friends, face another problem: we don’t have enough free time. I sincerely hope that after graduating from the university, I’ll be able to relax. I’ll enjoy every minute of my freedom. I will sing, “It’s OVER!” Then I’ll get a clearer idea of what free time is.

b)The main thing is that your spare time must be properly planned and organized. Then you don’t lose your valuable time and get a good opportunity to enjoy your life. As Bertrand Russel once said “The ability to use leisure wisely is the final test of a civilization”.

X. Answer the questions and discuss them in groups.

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