Иностранный язык. Английский язык. Учебное пособие

-designing page layouts

-be able to work directly with the stitching team

-producing and updating websites

-a well-organised, conscientious individual

-expert knowledge of Adobe Creative Suite, HTML, and CSS

-effective time management

-organizational skills

-excel in visiting vendors to get samples of fabric

-teamworking skills

-performing photo image modifications poster and brochure layout

-develop and implement the production communication materials

-have extensive knowledge of machine breakdowns

-be well versed with the latest fashion trends

IV. Look through the list of interview questions (hiring managers may ask about your educational background) and suggest your answers.

-Tell me about your educational background.

-How has your education prepared you for this job?

-How has your education prepared you for your career?

-Why did you choose your university?

-What other schools did you consider attending?

-Why did you choose your major?

-What extracurricular activities did you participate in?

-Do you have any long-term education goals?

-What skills have you learned to apply to your career?

-Tell me about how a particular course or course project helped you succeed in a project with an employer.

-Do your grades reflect your potential?

-Your major doesn’t relate at all to this job. Do you still think your coursework has helped to prepare you for this job?

You can use the following samples:

My degree in _____ helped me develop the research skills necessary for a job in _____. While my major in _____ helped me develop strong communication skills, it was really my

extracurricular activities that have prepared me for a job in _____. Because of these experiences, I am able to effectively _____.

I have developed extensive _____ skills while pursuing my degree, and I am ready to begin my career in _____.

My current, short-term goal is to develop and use my _____ skills in a job similar to this one. However, I eventually want to develop into a position that allows me to _____.

V. Put the tips for the interview into the correct order.

a.When being asked, focus on the skills and experiences you gained from the major that are most related to the job. Even if your major is not directly related to the job, you can likely find connections between the two.

b.During an interview for an entry-level job or an internship position, you might be asked to explain why you chose your major.

c.Write down a list of skills and experiences you gained through your major studies. Then, look back at the job listing. Circle any of your skills and experiences that relate to the requirements of the job.

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VI. Read possible endings of the topic. Fill in the gaps with your own ideas.

a.I am open to whatever opportunities may arise in the future, such as qualifying for _____ training program.

b.In five years, I hope to be on a career path that will lead to a _____ position. I also plan to _____

c.My future plans include _____ .

d.To some people, _____ is just _____ but to me it means a lot more. Making my dream a reality will be the best thing that could ever happen to me.

Additional Resources https://educheer.com/dissertations/discuss-the-advantages-and-drawbacks-of-university-study/ https://www.valleymorningstar.com/sie/what_do_you_think/what-is-your-dream-job-and- why/article_692e1ac9-bae5-5705-8005-c22dac04ebf6.html https://www.thebalancecareers.com/ https://www.thebalancecareers.com/interview-questions-about-your-educational-background- 4165557

https://quizlet.com/530741566/higher-education-thematic-vocabulary-flash-cards/ https://studfile.net/preview/9384363/page:30/ https://www.ieltsjacky.com/education-vocabulary.html https://edubenchmark.com/blog/education-ielts-vocabulary/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVegMVtJsC4 https://www.peace.edu/news/why-is-higher-education-important/ https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/what-higher-education https://worldscholarshub.com/importance-of-higher-education/ https://www.allisonacademy.com/students/education/higher-education/the-benefits-of-higher- education/

TEXTS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY READING

What are Family Problems?

A family is a group of people that live together and share responsibilities. The word “family” comes from the Latin word familia, which means household. A family is of two or more people. These people can be related by birth, marriage, adoption, or other legal ties. Due to certain causes, there are some Family Problems in every family.

Family Problems are a very sensitive issue. Everyone has their own experiences. Family problems are a difficult subject to talk about. It’s hard to offer an overarching solution because there are so many different types of families with all sorts of dynamics and quirks.

Causes of Family Problems

In today’s society, there are many different sources of stress that can cause family conflicts. These can be:

1.Not spending enough time together: When there are many different activities to choose from it can be hard for family members to find time to spend with one another. People may not think of this as a source of conflict. However, it is the lack of togetherness that causes most arguments.

2.Not sharing feelings and emotions: It is important to have open communication within a family. This is so that everyone feels comfortable sharing their thoughts and feelings. People do not feel like they can express themselves without fear of judgment or punishment. This creates tension in the household.

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3.Not having an equal balance of power: Every member should feel fairly represented. This is because when one person starts to feel like they are losing their voice, it can lead to conflict.

4.Not resolving past problems: When there are unresolved feelings between family members that stem from previous arguments or disagreements. This can be hard for people to move forward and find common ground.

5.Taking breaks from one another: It is important to not always be together. When people are constantly around one another, there may eventually be a time when they get sick of each other. They can start to lash out because of their pent-up anger and resentment.

Types of Family Problems

Family Problems differ from family to family, on the basis of the reasons for family problems. Some of the common types are.

1. Financial Issues

One of the most common family problems is financial issues. It can be tough to make ends meet for a lot of families these days. This is because the cost of living is increasing every year. Some people who struggle financially will resort to extreme measures. These are stealing or even dealing drugs…sometimes even both. If you have experienced this kind of situation within your family, it’s important to get help ASAP before things escalate out of control.

You don’t want your family getting into any serious trouble. It is because they were desperate and didn’t know where else to turn. Another way that money issues could affect your relationship with your loved ones is through fighting over how bills should be paid or who owes who money. When there is conflict within your family, it’s easy to become bitter towards each other. This can surely lead to bigger problems in the future.

2. Divorce

Another common problem is tension between partners/spouses…or even divorce! This kind of stress could cause a lot of issues with children as well if they are caught in the middle of their parents fighting. Sometimes people who aren’t married (like boyfriends/girlfriends) fight over silly things like cheating or breaking up when really what needs to happen is an open discussion. It is how to move forward in a healthy way.

3. Alcoholism/Drug Abuse

If there’s someone in your family who struggles with an addiction, it can be very difficult for everyone involved. You probably know what the person is going through. It is because you’ve likely experienced this type of problem yourself (although maybe not on such a large scale). If you’re trying to convince your loved one that they need help but they are refusing, then there isn’t much more than anyone else can do. You can support them and try to remain positive throughout their struggle. Sometimes people don’t realize that they have problems. It is until other people point them out. If the addict doesn’t want to help themselves, no matter how hard you might plead or pray…they won’t accept it. Without help, they’re going to continue down the same path. They can end up dead or in jail…and that’s not what anyone wants for them!

4. Death of Family Member

Another very common family problem is losing someone close to you (like your child). It can be tough to grieve together when people are on different pages about how they feel. This is because everyone deals with grief differently. Some families may even become distant from each other after losing one of their own. This could make things worse if this was already an issue prior to the death. Sometimes there are issues in the family that have not been resolved. It is before somebody dies so then it seems like no matter what happens next…nothing feels right anymore.

If you’ve lost a loved one, the best thing to do is surround yourself with people who can support you. They can understand what you’re going through. Some families have a very hard time

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coping and will break off all contact with each other. It can even if they were close before. It’s important to keep in touch with your family members. It is whether good or bad so that nobody gets cut out of the picture after tragedy strikes.

5. Arguments

Arguments are another common family problem. They come in all shapes and sizes too. These are like screaming matches or even passive-aggressive behavior. This can be so frustrating to deal with. There isn’t always an easy solution for fixing every single argument. It is always important to try your best…even if you still end up fighting sometimes. It is because there is no such thing as a perfect relationship between people. Sometimes the only way to resolve arguments within your family is through compromise. This means both sides have to give something up. For example, they might need more time on their own without having kids around).

6. Balance

In every family, there needs to be a balance between giving and receiving. If one person always gives while the other takes from them then resentment will build up over time. This can lead to even bigger problems in the future. Everyone should have an equal share of responsibilities so that it’s fair for everyone involves in this. Nobody should take advantage or is left out. This can be because they want more alone time than others. In this situation, it might be a good idea to step back. You can then examine what’s going on in your family.

Sometimes you need to take time for yourself. This is so that you can see the bigger picture. If this is happening with everyone else then maybe it would be best to spend some time apart from each other. This is so that when you do come together again, everything will go much more smoothly.

7. Sibling Wars

Ever heard of “fighting like siblings”? Well, there’s a reason for this saying because brothers and sisters fight ALL THE TIME! It seems like no matter how hard parents try or how many rules they set down (like curfews) nothing ever changes between kids who are related by blood…at least not until they become adults themselves. If this is a common family problem, you should sit down with your kids and try to find out why they don’t get along. Sometimes the answer will be something silly like one of them always gets what they want or maybe there are deep-rooted issues between siblings who haven’t talked in years…but whatever it may be, resolving this issue could require some time apart from each other to depending on how bad things have gotten over the years.

8. Unfaithfulness

Another common family problem is cheating which can tear families apart if one person gets caught red-handed. When this happens, it’s important to stay calm and try not to make any rash decisions…no matter how much you might want them dead! This could be a good time for couples therapy because sometimes people don’t even realize the damage they’re doing when they engage in infidelity so working with a therapist might help change their perspective about what happened in the past. If that doesn’t work then maybe going your separate ways would be best but only do this if you’re really ready because divorce isn’t fun no matter who initiated it or why!

9. Unhappiness

In many families there are one or two unhappy members of the group who are always complaining about something…and this is a big problem when everyone around them feels the same way. This can be hard for the parents as they want to support their children in everything they do. They do it even if it’s not what they want. You could always come to a point where you have no choice except to say goodbye to your child. This can be because their happiness comes first. This also means you might need an adult babysitter who doesn’t complain all day long.

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10. Disengagement

If one or more family members gets busy in other activities like work, school, etc, there are chances of disagreement in family. If only one person becomes uninterested while everyone else stays active, tension will build between these two members until they eventually cut each other off completely. In this situation, it might be a good idea to do something as a family that will get everyone involved and having fun together so you can prevent any future problems from arising…and if your kids are too busy for things like going hiking or camping then maybe they should put their phones down once in a while!

11. Toxic Relationships

Last but not least is the problem of toxic relationships which happens every day whether we realize it or not. One person could start out nice enough (like with parents who spoil their children) but over time this relationship takes an ugly turn when one partner starts controlling the other person’s life by doing everything for them instead of encouraging. This kind of behavior leads to all kinds of problems in the family including emotional abuse, mental illness, and even physical violence…so if you or someone you love is being abused then it’s time to get help. https://mantracare.org/therapy/parenting-family/family-problems/

Leisure time

by Britanny Levy

The Importance of Making Time for Leisure

For lots of people, leisure is like a mirage: you can see it, far far away, but you can’t reach it. Nowadays, we are extremely busy: job, kids, house chores, late meetings, overtime. Time

doesn’t stretch long enough to do everything, which leads to neglect of leisure.

What you might have already realized is that, at one point of your fast-paced life, your body will manifest its tiredness. You will be told, by yourself, that you need a break. Either is through physical exhaustion, stress, mood swings, anger, or apathy, your body will talk to you, it will alert you that you need to make some changes in your lifestyle. Most times, small changes will be enough to see improvements.

As a wise person you are — after all, you’ve been living with yourself all your life — you know how to interpret the signs your body is sending to you.

It’s time to listen to your body: take a break from your oh-so-busy-life and include quality leisure

time.

What is leisure?

Oxford dictionary defines leisure as “Time when one is not working or occupied; free time” and “use of free time”.

Leisure activities include all the things you do that give you pleasure and are not work-related: it’s any type of recreational activity.

Leisure purpose is to be an escape from work and personal worries, it’s a time you take for yourself, to disconnect. It’s a shot of positivity, to take your mind away from problems and quotidian issues.

How much time of leisure is needed to benefit from it?

There is no rule for how much leisure time you should have. We are all different, with specific needs. Even your own needs will fluctuate: sometimes you’ll need more leisure time, others less.

The duration of it will be determined by your needs. One day, five or ten minutes of reading a good book will be enough to charge your energies, others you’ll need one full hour of a fitness class to take it all out of your system.

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The quality of your leisure time isn’t measured by the longevity of your activity, but by the meaning you give to it.

The benefits of leisure

You will feel the positive effects of leisure time immediately, but its benefits are long-lasting, affecting positively both your physical and mental health.

Leisure reduces stress and prevents depression

If you don’t make time for yourself, stress and anxiety will kick in, sooner than later. When you engage in a recreational activity, you free your mind.

Leisure time allows you to step back — physically but most important, mentally — from stress. Your mind and body will tune, you will feel relaxed.

During leisure activities, you will be disconnected from the outside world. You will be empowering yourself to deal with situations in a less stressful way.

Improves your physical and mental health

A sedentary lifestyle puts you at risk for serious diseases — heart-related, obesity, or diabetes

— and also for emotional distress. By engaging in physical leisure activities, you will improve your physical and, consequently, your mental health.

Choosing your recreational activities doesn’t have to be a jigsaw or needs an extensive plan. Be spontaneous, follow your needs and moods. One day you choose a calm walk on the beach or a park, the next available day you go surfing or a gym session. It’s your time, do whatever makes you happy.

Improves your mood

Because it’s you choosing what you’re doing in your leisure time, the activities are very likely to provide you with mental rest and pleasure. As a consequence, your mind will clear up and your mood will improve.

This control and choice-making — not always possible in your life — will make you feel more satisfied and self-fulfilled. You know that there are things that go beyond your control, but there are others that you can control. You will find it easier to manage your time and tasks, you will feel less stressed, more positive with yourself and life.

Increases your productivity

Maybe you are one of those who believes that if you have a break, your flow of ideas will be interrupted and your productivity will go down the drain.

Being busy isn’t the same as being productive.

If you’re immersed in your tasks without having a break, you’ll notice, at one point, your productivity decreasing: you’ll become slower, mistakes will appear. This affects negatively your productivity.

Stepping away from work — making time for leisure — will clear your mind and nourish your problem-solving skills. It will help your productivity.

When you’re overloaded with work, it’s when you more need leisure time. Your mind needs a rest, your whole body needs to re-balance. In your busy days, make the best of your lunchtime: go for a walk, sit on a bench reading a book. Make time for yourself and disconnect.

When you return to work, you’ll have a fresh mind, and a new pair of eyes to face the problems and challenges of the day.

Including recreational activities in your routine will improve your professional performance.

Promotes self-knowledge

Besides affecting physically and psychologically, leisure also has a social role.

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Stressful life rhythms blur your self-awareness: you don’t have time nor energy to look into yourself, to manage properly your emotions, to make instinctive and coherent decisions. You are in a rational high-functioning mode. Your Self isn’t a priority: tasks, duties, and goals are.

Leisure is fundamental to balance your working life with your personal development: it allows you to stop, to connect with yourself. You are duty-free, you are allowed to feel, to laugh of silly things, to take deep and restorative breaths. You have time for your wellbeing.

Leisure time is all about you — to connect to your needs, wants, thought and emotions. Knowing yourself makes you respond and react assertively to situations and prevent you to fall

in a negative, stressful and depressive spiral. Your leisure time will enrich you.

How to include leisure in your life

Despite your busy professional and familiar schedule, it is possible to find a balance between them and you. What you need to internalize is that work-life balance has to be a priority.

You have to take your leisure time seriously, it’s your health in check.

As we saw before, the time you dedicate to leisure varies: it must consider your free time and your personal needs. But to not overcomplicate it (giving space for you to find excuses not to do it), include leisure time in your life, either in small blocks (10 to 30 minutes each) and one or two bigger ones (at least one hour).

For example, you can make the compromise to use your lunchtime to go for a walk, to the gym or to sit in the park reading a book. Also, you can choose one day of the week for a bigger leisure session, like a Saturday morning hiking.

Your leisure time doesn’t have to be a lonely one. There are several emotional and social benefits in engaging in group activities, either being with friends or family.

Being realistic, make a weekly plan for your leisure time. How many days you’ll do it (at least once a week, but ideally not less than three times a week), and what time of the day you’ll do it: weekends, after work, or lunchtimes.

“Those who decide to use leisure as a means of mental development, who love good music, good books, good pictures, good plays, good company, good conversation ― what are they? They are the happiest people in the world.” ― William Lyon Phelps

Conclusion

Leisure activities are much more than killing free time. They have a positive impact on your physical and mental health.

Your life has space for leisure, you just have to make it a priority. Do it on your own, with your friends, with your partner or with your kids — but just do it, for your health.

Leisure time improves the quality of your life. this is something you want, right? So, indulge yourself with a pleasurable activity and watch your stress reduce, your mood and productivity improve and your life becomes easier to deal with.

Leisure won’t take your problems away, but it will definitely help you to cope better with them and even provide you with the skills and tools to deal with them more efficiently. https://medium.com/live-your-life-on-purpose/the-importance-of-making-time-for-leisure- 33d6cf3788e0

Environmental problems

Our planet is continually facing various environmental problems. Most of them come from the overexploitation of natural resources at such an accelerated rate that it cannot be regenerated at the same speed. All this entails a degradation of the environment as a result of abusive consumption by human beings. Human consumption is based on the acquisition of products beyond our regeneration capacities.

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1. Climate change and air pollution

The earth is facing climate change because the temperature is getting higher and higher, and this is accelerated due to human activities, that is, we have driven humans and increased greenhouse gas emissions.

Facing it requires a global commitment, in which all countries must reduce the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. For this, it is necessary to bet on renewable energy, public transport and cars that use clean energy, and pass laws that regulate emissions from the industry.

Air pollution, that is, the presence of pollutants in the air, has both natural and man-made causes. The biggest factors that cause air pollution are: mining for the use of chemical products and the heavy machinery necessary for its development, deforestation, increased transportation related to the burning of fossil fuels, fires and the use of pesticides in agriculture.

To reduce it, measures such as promoting public transport, consuming fossil fuels responsibly, building more green areas or reducing consumption can be taken to reduce the generation of waste.

2. Acid rain and deforestation

Acid rain is a precipitation composed of water and toxic waste, especially acid from vehicles, industries or other types of machinery. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to control polluting emissions, shut down non-compliant industries and reduce the sulfur content of fuels or promote and invest in renewable energy.

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) determines which countries in South America and Africa they are most affected by deforestation due to unsustainable agriculture and overexploitation of wood. Although the proportion of forest fires is relatively low, they are also the cause of the loss of thousands of trees in different parts of the world each year.

3. Soil degradation and contamination

When soil degrades, it loses its physical and chemical properties, so it can no longer provide services such as agriculture or ecosystem services. The reasons for soil degradation are caused by different factors: intensive logging, extensive agriculture, overgrazing, forest fires, construction of water resources or overexploitation.

The solution to avoid or minimize this problem is to implement environmental policies that regulate land use. The use of harmful agricultural technologies (pesticides, fertilizers, etc.), polluted rivers, and improper disposal of urban garbage, infrastructure construction, mining, industry, livestock and sewage are the most common causes of soil contamination.

This contamination can be reduced through solutions such as good urban planning, recycling and not discarding waste into the environment, the prohibition of illegal sanitary landfills and the standardization of mining and industrial waste management.

Environmental problems in urban environments

1. Waste management and lack of recycling

Overcrowding and the lifestyles of implanted consumers are causing an increase in the production of waste and, therefore, an increase in the exploitation of natural resources threatened by depletion. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to educate and emphasize the circular economy through activities such as reduction, recycling or reuse.

Although in many countries, especially in developed countries, if waste management is carried out and there are entities for its elimination. There are also many countries that do not recycle. In addition to increased extraction of new natural resources, the lack of recycling results in the accumulation of large amounts of waste in landfills. Regarding the lack of recycling, it is important to raise awareness and educate the public, but the government must also commit itself so that good waste management is achieved.

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2. Use of plastics and ecological footprint

They have established a disposable culture for us and provide us with a more comfortable lifestyle, which is particularly prominent in plastic products. The ocean is the most affected by plastic production, because this waste will eventually reach the ocean, affecting the health of marine species and later the health of terrestrial species, including us. The solution should be to reduce the use of plastics and find other types of packaging that are more environmentally friendly.

The ecological footprint is an environmental indicator, which refers to the impact of a person on the environment, indicating how much production territory they need to produce the resources used and obtain the waste generated. Irresponsible consumption and globalization mean that the global and individual ecological footprint is increasing.

Environmental problems at the biological level

The ecosystem has deteriorated due to the transformations it has undergone, whether for agriculture, livestock, the expansion of urban centers, industrial implantation, overexploitation of the natural environment, or acts such as the introduction of non-native species, hunting illegal. Pollution and other human activities are the main environmental problems of biodiversity loss. To find a solution, in addition to educating people to respect the natural environment, the natural space must also be protected by law.

There are markets for illegally traded species that capture and trade organisms from their homeland, eventually reaching other areas where the species is considered invasive. Due to competition for territory and food, and the spread of new diseases in the area, invasive species may eventually replace native species.

I hope that with this information you can learn more about the various environmental problems facing our planet.

https://www.renovablesverdes.com/en/environmental-problems/

Modern Tourism

Within a fast-growing, technology-based society, the majority of leading industries aim to keep up with the latest changes to achieve stable progress. Tourism is generally considered one of the most prosperous business domains, which faced critical challenges over the past years.

Read about the most dominant trends.

1. Solo travel

A survey published on the Lonely Planet site has found that 2017 is the year of solo travel. This is becoming increasingly popular due to individuals seeking out wellness experiences, as well as the chance to fully immerse themselves in local culture.

Travel information is so easily accessible now that it’s simple for people to take a trip on their own! A great deal of travel agencies now also offer tours for the single traveler. Solo travel works out cheaper and can be hassle-free!

2. Eco-tourism

Eco-tourism is increasingly popular as more travelers become aware of how their carbon footprint affects the environment.

Eco-tourism means travelling to a relatively untouched environment with the intention to give something back to the society which you visit. This type of travel gives visitors an insight into the effect humans can have on the environment and for travelers to appreciate the planet more.

It’s very different from the commercial tourism that the majority of holidaymakers go on. Eco-tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry.

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3. Food tourism

More people are now identifying as foodies and with a larger amount of people eating out each week, eating has become an activity full of pleasure. Rapid globalisation means we are now able to find numerous international cuisines fast to delight our taste buds!

For this reason, in love of their favourite dishes, keen foodies travel abroad to sample as much as they can! Food tourism can involve something as simple as trying something from a street vendor, to eating out at a Michelin-starred restaurant.

10 June is National Food Tour Day which celebrates food tourism.

4. Accommodation and travel flexibility

The rise of platform businesses has seen us become familiar with new ventures that didn’t exist a couple of years ago. Uber has become one of the most successful start-ups in recent times, operating in over 300 cities. It’s the only taxi firm that’s known widely around the world.

The flexibility it offers helps tourists navigate around a new city very easily, especially if they’re not sure of established taxi firms in their new location. The service can also be cheaper and faster!

Another key option for holidaymakers is the rise of Air B&B. Although, many travelers still prefer the excellent services of hotels, thanks to Air B&B, the choice is greater than ever before.

Air B&B is generally also cheaper than hotels, meaning for travelers on a budget this is an ideal option, and allows for greater number of travelers than ever before.

The Disadvantages of Tourism

Economic disadvantages of tourism

It might seem hard to believe that there can be economic disadvantages of tourism when it produces so much revenue. But the economic side of tourism is more than just profits. And unsustainable tourism driven by profits only can have dire consequences for the destinations it occurs in.

1. Over reliance on tourism

Countries can become over-reliant on tourism, with a large portion of their economy and GDP coming from tourism. The situation the world finds itself in now with COVID could not be a better illustrator of the damages of being over-reliant on tourism, a very volatile industry. But even before a global pandemic, this was still an issue. Tourist’s destination preferences change easily, and it doesn’t take much to sway them away from a particular destination. Relying on tourist’s to come back to the same place year after year is risky. Events such as natural disasters, terrorism, health concerns or even just a change in trend can leave countries that were thriving on tourism empty.

2. Low quality employment

It’s true that tourism generates employment for many. But often these jobs are low paying and seasonal. With employees completing menial tasks with little room for progression or career advancement. It’s not uncommon for establishments like resorts to hire international staff for senior, managerial roles. Usually from more economically developed countries. This leaves local workers stuck in low-level roles, paid peanuts and not guaranteed year-round work.

3. Tourism dollars leaking out of local economies

A major economic issue with the tourism industry is that of leakage. You can read about this issue in more detail here. But basically, leakage is when a portion of tourism income does not stay in the destination where the tourists visited. Money ‘leaks’ out to more developed countries. This usually occurs through international companies such as airlines and resorts taking their profits back to their headquartering countries. And the local destination and community do not get the economic benefits of the tourists that have visited.

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