Грамматика английского языка. Ч.2. Практикум

4.He was not ill last week: if he (to be) ill, he (not to take) part in the football match.

5.How slippery it is! If it (not to rain), it (not to be) so slippery.

6.I am glad I was able to attend the lecture yesterday. You (to be) displeased if I

(not to come)?

7.Let's take a taxi to the railway station: we have a lot of luggage. If we (not to have) so much luggage, we (to walk).

8.Stop working and let's go inside: it is too dark. If the evening (not to be) so dark, we (to continue) the work.

9.I don't believe you: you only say that you want to know languages. If you (to be)

really interested in languages, you (to study) them.

Упражнение 11. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму

сослагательного наклонения после "I wish".

1.I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Philharmonic next winter.

2.I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me.

3.I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round.

4.I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.

5.I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive.

6.I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day.

7.I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time!

8.I wish I (to know) Spanish.

9.I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night.

10.I wish you (to read) more in future.

11.I wish I never (to suggest) this idea.

12.I wish I (to be) at yesterday's party: it must have been very merry.

13.I wish we (to meet) again next summer.

14.Don't you wish you (to see) that performance before?

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15.They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again.

16.The unfortunate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule.

Упражнение 12. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. A: What time will you be home tonight?

B: I’m not sure. If I ______ (have to) work late, I ______ (call) you.

2. A: I felt very tired at work today.

B: Well, if you ______ (not/watch) the late film, you ______ (not/feel) so tired.

3. A: Should I buy that car?

B: Why not? If I ______ (have) the money, I ______ (buy) it myself.

4.A: If you ______ (pass) a chemist’s, ______ (you/get) me some cough medicine?

B: Yes, certainly.

5.A: My sister seems very upset at the moment.

B: Were I you, I ______ (talk) to her about it.

6. A: Unless you ______ (hurry), you ______ (be) late again.

B: No, I won’t. There’s plenty of time.

7. A: Oh! I forgot to ask Sarah over for dinner.

B: If I ______(speak) to her today, I ______ (ask) her for you.

8. A: May I join the club, please?

B: Provided you ______ (be) over eighteen, you can join the club.

9. A: What a lovely restaurant I’m glad we came here.

B: If you ______(not/burn) the dinner, we ______ (not/come) here!

10.A: Just think. If I ______ (not/move) to York, I ______ (never/meet) you. B: I know, wasn’t it lucky?

11.A: Jo doesn’t spend enough time with me.

B: Well, if she ______ (have) the time, I’m sure she ______ (try), but she’s very

busy.

12. A: Did you give Bill the massage?

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B: No, but when I ______ (see) him, I ______ (tell) him the news.

НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА

NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB

NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB

По характерным образующим признакам различают:

* to- формы (the Infinitive - инфинитив);

*ing формы (the -ing Participle - причастие I или -ing причастие и the Gerund

– герундий, являющееся -ing причастием, которое ведёт себя как

существительное или глагол);

*ed формы (the –ed participle - причастие II или -ed причастие, у

неправильных глаголов – III форма).

Особенности неличных форм глагола:

1.являются неизменяемыми, застывшими формами глагола, не имеющими признаков времени, числа и лица (отсюда и их название), вследствие чего они не могут быть самостоятельным сказуемым предложения;

2.указывают лишь на одновременность или предшествование называемого ими действия времени глагола-сказуемого;

3.имеют общую с личными формами глагольную основу (ask, asks,asking, asked, to ask, has asked, etc.), значение залога (активный и пассивный) и

сходные правила образования; 4. используются (кроме герундия) для образования личных форм глагола:

Например: Foreign languages are to be taught in schools. She was teaching you then. She has taught you well. The lecturer was asked some questions.

ИНФИНИТИВ

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THE INFINITIVE

Инфинитив – это неличная форма глагола, которая называет действие в наиболее общем виде. Чаще всего инфинитив обозначается основной

(словарной) формой глагола.

ФОРМЫ ИНФИНИТИВА

FORMS OF THE INFINITIVE

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ИНФИНИТИВА БЕЗ ЧАСТИЦЫ TO:

1. После модальных глаголов (can, could, must, may, should, need):

She can speak English.

2. После глаголов let (позволять), make (заставлять):

My mother does not let me eat a lot of sweets.

3. После выражений I would rather- я лучше, you had better- тебе лучше:

You look tired. You had better go home.

4. После глаголов восприятия в составе сложного дополнения: see (видеть), watch (наблюдать), hear (слышать), notice (наблюдать), feel (чувствовать):

They heard the girl cry out with joy.

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения.

Найдите в предложениях инфинитив и определите его форму:

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1.I want to take part in the table-tennis competition

2.It’s not pleasant to be waiting for you here

3.There is nothing to be done

4.I am sorry not to have brought you the book

5.This work can be done in an hour

6.The tourists were discussing where to go and what to do

7.I want to support you

8.I want to be supported by you

9.They are sorry not to have passed their entrance exams with excellent marks

10.I must have left my exercise-book at home.

Упражнение 2. Преобразуйте следующие предложения согласно образцу:

Model: We were surprised when we saw him here again. – We were surprised to

see him here again.

1.I am glad when I met my friend in the street.

2.Ann was surprised when she heard Peter’s voice.

3.We hope that we shall master English at the University.

4.They are glad that they have seen this play.

5.He hoped that he would see her some day.

6.He was sure that he would live in the hotel.

7.The lecturer was satisfied when he saw many students in the classroom.

Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой

инфинитива:

1.He seems ………a lot. (to read)

2.He seems ……….now. (to read)

3.He seems ……….since morning. (to read)

4.He seems ……….all the books in the library. (to read)

5.He expected …….by the teacher. (to help)

6.She seems ………at this problem ever since she came here. (to work)

7.I want ……………you to the concert. (to take)

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8. I want ……………to the concert by my father. (to take)

Упражнение 4. Назовите форму инфинитива в следующих предложениях, подберите перевод:

Упражнение 5. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык,

обращая внимание на особенности перевода инфинитива:

1.To see the wide grasslands is interesting.

2.They began to describe the climate of Russia.

3.I want to visit my relatives.

4.He wants to collect stamps.

5.They have an idea to restore this monument.

6.To prepare a report about the natural resources of Russia I went to the library.

7.To know the history of any country is useful.

8.It helps me to understand better the people's customs and traditions.

9.I don't want to talk about it.

10.On the Russian flag, there are three stripes (white, blue, and red) to symbolize the earth, the sky, the freedom.

Упражнение 6. Замените придаточные предложения инфинитивами по

образцу:

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Model: The boy had many toys which he could play with. – The boy had many

toys to play with.

1.Here is something which will warm you up.

2.Here are some articles which must be translated for tomorrow.

3.I have brought you a book which you can read now, but be sure and return it by Saturday.

4.The girl was quite young when both parents died and she remained alone with two younger brothers whom she had to take care of.

5.Soon we found that there was another complicated problem that we were to consider.

6.I have an examination which I must take soon, so I can’t go to the theatre with

you.

7.I have no books which I can read.

8.He said the first thing that came into his head.

9.This is only a part of the story that can be told.

10.The goods that will be produced at this factory will be of high quality.

11.Jack is the only person who can help me now.

12.The question that is to be included in the agenda of the meeting is of great importance.

13.Our teacher gave us a list of a few books that should be read.

14.The head of the department is the right man who can consult you before making final plans.

15.We are going to take part in the economic forum which will be held next week.

16.The report which is to be made deals with some higher education problems.

17.There are some facts that must be taken into account.

18.An umbrella is a thing which keeps you from rain.

19.The old woman was the last person who could say something about this

event.

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Упражнение 7. Опираясь на формальные признаки, определите

функцию инфинитива, переведите предложения.

1.To live is to create, to go forward.

2.I tried to get off the bus but the doors closed.

3.The article to be translated deals with computers.

4.Our task is to master English.

5.Did you have enough time to finish the test?

6.Don’t play your stereo too loud so as to disturb your neighbours.

7.On my way home I stopped at the newsstand to buy a newspaper.

8.I’ve got a master cassette to copy out.

9.There was nothing to be taken there.

10.We stayed down after the lecture to ask questions.

11.I only want to be given my chance.

12.To shut your eyes to facts is foolish.

13.He was the only in the family to graduate from a university.

14.The purpose of the test is to get some information on the properties of the material.

15.The text was too difficult to be read without a dictionary.

16.In order to speak to me alone Jack took me apart.

17.The boy was happy to have been taken to the theatre.

ИНФИНИТИВНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ

THE INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

Complex Object

Сложное дополнение

Инфинитивная конструкция «Сложное дополнение» является в предложении

одним членом предложения – сложным дополнением и представляет собой

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