Ветеринарно-санитарная экспертиза английский язык. Учебное пособие

Other parts of speech:

•beneath – _______________________________________

•these – _________________________________________

II. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ГЛАГОЛОВ TO DETERMINE, TO ESTABLISH,

TO OBSERVE, TO DISPOSE

21

III. GRAMMAR: INDEFINITE PRONOUNS SOME AND ANY

1. Choose the right variant using some and any. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1)__ relevant information has been received recently from the breeder.

2)Antemortem inspection can be done when __ cattle reaches the slaughterhouse.

3)We couldn't find __ responsibility for production of safe and wholesome meat from the side of this agrocomplex.

4)Are there __ meat hygiene regulations which are scientifically based to protect the health of consumers and facilitate fair practices in the international trading of meat?

5)__inspection procedures applied to each species of slaughtered animal should be appropriate to the spectrum and prelevance of diseases.

6)___ farmers raise different breeds of dairy cattle nowadays.

7)Is __ judgement of slaughter animals and meat following ante/ post inspection necessary?

22

IV. ВИДО-ВРЕМЕННЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА

В ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОМ ЗАЛОГЕ. ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ, ДАТЫ, ГОДЫ

2. Use the correct tense . Translate the sentences into Russian.

1)Veterinary inspection ( confirm) more detailed examination of slaughter animals including laboratory tests.

2)The controlling authority ( take) into account the prevailing economic conditions and varying wholesomeness needs.

3)Protective clothing ( prevent) the contamination of meat and is used by persons in an abattoir or establishment.

4)The health status of the farm of origin and the husbandry of slaughter animals ( have) a significant effect on the safety and wholesomeness of meat.

5)When the specialist ( find) on ante-mortem inspection that the animal ( be) not fit to be slaughtered he ( delay) its usage for human consumption.

6)Ante-mortem inspection ( identify) inspected animals by a method approved by the controlling authority.

7)Rules ( forbid) to send to the slaughter of animals vaccinated with inactivated vaccine against foot and mouth disease for 21 days.

8)While specialists ( treat) animals with pesticides they know that they will be sent for slaughter after the expiration of some special period.

9)Policies of equivalence for countries that ( provide) the same safety and wholesomeness quarantines ( remove) the necessity of replicating individual country requirements or applying identical procedures.

10)When veterinarians (detect) any clinical signs of disease in animals they immediately place them in a detention center, where they treat them.

11)An animal should be released for slaughter without any restriction when an ante-mortem inspection (reveal) that it is adequately rested, there are no diseases or defects.

23

V. ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ, ДАТЫ, ГОДЫ

Examples. В. И. Воронцов родился в 1844 году. – V.E. Vorontsov was born in 1844.

1300 BC – one thousand three hundred BC AD 33 – AD thirty three.

Write in words in English:

1963, 1805, 1010, 1888, 1956, в 1970-е годы, в конце 20 ве-

ка, в 60-е годы 19 века, в течение 80-х годов, в конце 1850-х , в 40-е годы 16 века, в начале 21 века.

VI. TEXT

View external surfaces. For cattle, horses, pigs and game view the oral and nasal cavities.

View and incise by multiple incision or slicing. Retropharyngeal lymph nodes are viewed and incised by

multiple incisions and slicing.

Tongue View and palpate (view only in calves up to 6 weeks of age).

Cattle – except in calves up to six week of age, the oesophagus of all cattle and calves should be separated from its attachment to the trachea and viewed – as part of inspection of all cattle and calves over the age of 6 weeks for Cysticercus bovis, the muscles of mastication should be viewed and one or more linear incisions made parallel to the lower jaw into the external and internal muscles of mastication; in addition one incision into M.triceps brachii, 5 cm behind the elbow, should be made.

24

Horse – the head should be split lengthwise in the medial line and the nasal septum removed and examined in all horses that are from areas where glanders is endemic.

Pigs – where there is a risk of Cysticercus cellulosae being present, the outer muscles of mastication, the abdominal and diaphragmatic muscles and the root of the tongue of all pigs should be incised and the blade of the tongue viewed and palpated;

Game – inspection cuts for tapeworm cysts are not necessary, as these cysts are generally not infective for humans.

GUIDELINES FOR MINIMUM POSTMORTEM

INSPECTION: VISCERA

Lungs

View and palpate. Except in sheep and goats, the bronchi should be opened up by a transverse incision across the diaphragmatic lobes. For horses and cattle, the larynx, trachea and main bronchi should be opened along their length.

Lymph nodes

Bronchial (tracheobronchial) and mediastinal: Incise.

Heart

View after the removal of the pericardium. Additional inspection requirements for cattle as per.

Additional inspection requirements for pigs as per.

Liver

View and palpate entire surface (both sides). View the gall bladder. For cattle over 6 weeks of age, incise as deemed appropriate to detect liver flukes. Open large bile ducts. For sheep, pigs and game, incise as deemed appropriate for parasite.

Lymph nodes

Portal (hepatic), view and incise

Spleen

Palpate

Gastrointestinal tract

Mesenteric lymph nodes

25

Kidneys

View after enucleation. In grey and white horses – Incise. Uterus (adults), View

GUIDELINES FOR MINIMUM POSTMORTEM

INSPECTION: CARCASS

General

Examine carcasses (including musculature, exposed bones, joints, tendon sheaths etc.) to determine any signs of disease or defect. Attention should be paid to bodily condition, efficiency of bleeding, colour, condition of serous membranes (pleura and peritoneum), cleanliness and presence of any unusual odours.

Lymph nodes

Superficial inguinal (male) – Palpate Supramammary (female) – Palpate External and internal iliac – Palpate Prepectoral – Palpate

Popliteal – Palpate (only sheep/goats and game/antelope) Renal – Palpate (cattle, horses, pigs) or incise if diseases is

suspected.

Prescapular & prefemoral – Palpate (only sheep and goats) Other

The muscles and the lymph nodes (lymphonodi subrhomboidei) beneath one of the two scapular cartilages of all grey or white horses should be examined for melanosis after loosening the attachment of one shoulder.

26

The objectives of antemortem examination are:

•to determine the general condition of the birds

•to establish if a disease or condition requires particular handling such as segregation of diseased birds, delayed slaughter or adjustment of line speed.

In inclement weather, particular in winter, birds require immediate slaughter. In the summer, the steady change of air in the truck or in the holding area should be maintained. In cases of reportable disease, such as avian influenza or Newcastle disease, a veterinarian should be informed and all pertinent information should be recorded. Some diseases have similar signs on A/M inspection. For example, infectious bronchitis may be confused with Newcastle disease. A differential diagnosis is required in such cases.

Postmortem inspection in poultry refers to inspection techniques and inspection of carcasses and viscera. P/M examination consist of viewing, palpation and smell. The colour, shape, and consistency of organs and tissues must be observed singly or in combination. The colour of the poultry carcass depends on age, sex, nutrition and the scalding temperature during slaughter.

Carcasses must be suspended at 2 or 3 points depending on the class of poultry. Intestinal tract, liver, spleen, and heart (viscera) must be exposed for visual examination and palpation. A poultry inspector should be able to look inside the carcass and detect any pathological lesions such as airsac inflammation, peritonitis, oviduct inflammation (salpingitis) etc. Contamination by faeces and bile should also be observed. During the examination of viscera and carcass, both hands should be used. External lesions on the carcass include the swelling of the sinuses, nasal and ocular discharge (if the head is present), skin lesions, joint swellings etc.

Judgement: Localized lesions could be disposed by an inspector, however the final judgement of the carcass should be done by a veterinarian. The condemnation of carcass is usually for pathological, non pathological and aesthetic reasons.

28

VII. EXERCISES

1. Find the pairs of synonyms.

To separate, to survey, to investigate, to perform, to define, to launch, to inspect, to detach, to dissect, to examine, to undertake, to split, to fulfill, to determine.

2.Fill in each gap with one of the word combinations from the box in the appropriate form:

record keeping systems, have completed, being slaughtered, should be identified, the extent necessary, have been condemned, the farm of origin, relevant to, at official establishments.

1) A careful post-mortem examination shall be made of the carcasses and pRts there of all livestock slaughtered __.

2)Adequate animal identification __ is essential if full use is to be made of on-farm information __ ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection.

3)Information available from __ should be used in an effective and appropriate manner if optimal ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection is to be achieved.

4)If during the ante-mortem inspection any disease or defect has been noted that does not prevent the animal from __ for human consumption, after the judgement the animal __ and released by a veterinary inspector for slaughter.

5)the remains of animals that have died and of those that __ at ante-mortem inspection and killed, should be removed immediately.

6)No person should remove from the inspection area or abattoir any part of any carcass, organ or viscera until the inspector __ the inspection and decision has been made.

7)Heads that are to be inspected should be skinned to __ to facilitate inspection and be clean.

3.Translate the sentences into Russian.

1)Ветеринарно-санитарный осмотр продуктов убоя животных проводится обычно визуально с использованием микроскопических методов патолого-анатомических исследований.

2)Все продукты убоя до завершения ветеринарносанитарного осмотра туш (кроме желудочно-кишечного тракта,

29

шкур, ног и ушей) не должны удаляться из цеха переработки животных.

3)При ветеринарно-санитарном осмотре головы животного ее фиксируют вилкой за остаток плечеголовного мускула, разрезают подчелюстной лимфатический узел и одноименную слюнную железу.

4)В зависимости от характера патологических изменений

ипредполагаемого диагноза в лабораторию направляют часть мышц передней и задней конечностей или кусок другой мышцы размером 8х6х6 см.

5)Лимфатический узел коленной складки на подвешенной туше обнаруживают в задней бедренной области посредине между маклоком и коленным суставом.

6)После заключительного осмотра на тушу ставят специальный штамп (утиль, стерилизация и др.), указывающий возможность использования мяса или название обнаруженной болезни (туберкулез).

7)При осмотре головы вскрывают подчелюстные и подъязычные лимфоузлы, обнажая носовую перегородку, сохраняя ее целостность, и осматривают на наличие поражений, характерных для сапа.

8)Тушу исследуют с внешней и внутренней поверхности, обращая внимание на состояние внутренней поверхности брюшной стенки на альфортиоз.

4. Translate text

Методика проведения послеубойного осмотра туш и органов

Методика послеубойного осмотра туш и внутренних органов крупного рогатого скота

Исследование головы.

Голову отделяют от туши, язык подрезают у верхушки и с боков так, чтобы он свободно выпадал из подчелюстного пространства. Осматривают и ощупывают губы, язык и слизистую

30