Ветеринарно-санитарная экспертиза мяса сельскохозяйственных животных при радиационных поражениях. Методические указания для проведения практических за
.pdfɆɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɢ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ
ȼȿɌȿɊɂɇȺɊɇɈ – ɋȺɇɂɌȺɊɇȺə ɗɄɋɉȿɊɌɂɁȺ ɆəɋȺ ɋȿɅɖɋɄɈɏɈɁəɃɋɌȼȿɇɇɕɏ ɀɂȼɈɌɇɕɏ ɉɊɂ ɊȺȾɂȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɉɈɊȺɀȿɇɂəɏ
ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɢ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɫɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ 5ȼ120200 - «ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɢɹ» ɢ ɩɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ ɜɟɬɧɪɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
5ȼ120100 - «ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ»
ɂɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɨɟ
Ⱥɥɦɚɬɵ 2014
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ:
ɋɚɯɚɪɢɹɧɨɜ Ⱥ.ɀ. – ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɢ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ, ɤ.ɛ.ɧ.
Ɋɨɦɚɲɟɜ Ʉ.Ɇ. – ɢ.ɨ. ɞɨɰɟɧɬɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɢ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ, ɤ.ɜ.ɧ.
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ:
ɍɦɢɬɠɚɧɨɜ Ɇ. – ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɟɣ ɦɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɌɈɈ «Ʉɚɡɇɂȼɂ», ɞ.ɜ.ɧ.
Ʉɚɡɢɟɜ ɀ.ɂ.– ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ, ɤ.ɜ.ɧ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɢ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɢ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɢ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ, ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ʋ____ ɨɬ
«______»________2011 ɝ.
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɢ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ – ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ (ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ʋ_______ɨɬ «____»________2012 ɝ.) ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɋɨɜɟɬɟ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɢɢ, ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ʋ_______ɨɬ «______»________2012 ɝ.
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ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
ɋɬɪ |
ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɟ |
4 |
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ |
5 |
ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɦɹɫɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ |
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ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ |
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ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ – 1 |
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ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. |
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ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ |
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ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ – 2 |
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ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɦɹɫɚ ɫɟɥɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ |
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ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ. |
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ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ – 1 |
22 |
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ – 2 |
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ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ – 3 |
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Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ |
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ɉɊȿȾɂɋɅɈȼɂȿ
Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɟɺ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɬɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɨɛ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.
ɉɪɢ ɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɡɪɵɜɚɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɨɣ, ɫɜɟɬɨɜɵɦ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɜɵɩɚɜɲɢɦɢ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɵɥɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ: ɭɲɢɛɵ, ɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɵ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɷɬɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɟɝɤɢɟ, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ, ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɢ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɤɧɚ ɢ ɞɜɟɪɢ.
ɋɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɠɨɝɢ, ɚ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɨɛɭɝɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɬ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɨɠɨɝɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.
Ɍɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɢ ɨɠɨɝɢ ɨɬ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɠɨɝɚɦɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɯ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɨɫɫɨɛɟɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɛɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɦɹɫɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɦɹɫɚ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ 5ȼ120100-«ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ» ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ «ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ» ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ 5ȼ120200 - «ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɢɹ» ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ «Ɋɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ».
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ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
ɇɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɜɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɥɭɱɟɜɭɸ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ; ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɫ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɛɟɬɚ-
ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ |
ɥɭɱɟɜɨɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɠɢ, ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɫ |
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ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ |
ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ |
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ |
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ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ, |
ɜɨɞɨɣ, |
ɤɨɪɦɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ |
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ |
ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɤɚɤ-ɬɨ: ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɠɨɝ, ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɚ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɹɝɨɳɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ, ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɨɦɭ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ. ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ (ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɥɭɱɢ, ɚɥɶɮɚ -, ɛɟɬɚ-ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ, ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɵ), ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɬɶ ɚɬɨɦɵ ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɧɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɟ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɫɤɨɜɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɤ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɤɪɨɜɟɬɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɝɨɧɚɞ, ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɥɢɦɮɨɰɢɬɵ.
ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ.
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜ ɠɢɜɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 80%. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɬɶ ɜɫɟ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɬɶɫɹ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɪɟɡɤɨɦɭ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɛɢɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɨɜ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɦɨɩɨɷɡɚ, ɮɚɝɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ, ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɤ ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɩɚɪɟɧɯɢɦɚɬɨɡɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ.
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ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɜɪɚɱɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚɵ ɦɹɫɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ, ɬɨ – ɟɫɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ, ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɭɛɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɯ ɭɛɨɣ, ɩɨɫɥɟɭɛɨɣɧɚɹ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ.
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Ɍɟɦɚ: ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɦɹɫɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ
ɐɟɥɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ: ɂɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɦɹɫɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ, ɬɨ – ɟɫɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ, ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɭɛɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɯ ɭɛɨɣ, ɩɨɫɥɟɭɛɨɣɧɚɹ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ.
Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ: Ʉɚɮɟɞɪɚ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɢ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ, ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɹ ʋ 221.
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ: Ɇɭɥɶɬɢɦɟɞɢɣɧɵɟ ɫɥɚɣɞɵ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɦɹɫɚ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɨɸɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɡɚɳɢɬɧɚɹ ɫɩɟɰɨɞɟɠɞɚ, ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɨɱɤɢ, ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢ, ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪɵ, ɛɨɟɧɫɤɢɟ ɧɨɠɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ – 1 ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.
ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ.
ɐɟɥɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɢ: Ɉɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ:
1.Ʉɪɚɬɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.
2.ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.
3.ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.
1 Ʉɪɚɬɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ
ȼɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɟɺ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɪɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɭɱɟɜɚɹ
ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ ɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɝɚɦɦɚ-ɥɭɱɚɦɢ ɨɫɬɪɚɹ ɥɭɱɟɜɚɹ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɡɚɦɢ ɢɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ:
ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ – ɥɟɝɤɚɹ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɡɚɦɢ 150 - 200 ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧ;
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ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ – ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɡɚɦɢ
200 – 400 ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧ;
Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ – ɬɹɠɟɥɚɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɡɚɦɢ 400 – 600 ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧ;
ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ – ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɚɹ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɡɚɦɢ ɫɜɵɲɟ 600 ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧ.
ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ: -ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ;
-ɦɧɢɦɨɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ, ɢɥɢ ɥɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ;
-ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ; -ɢɫɯɨɞ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɱɚɫɵ ɢ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɵ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. ɗɬɢ ɪɚɧɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɧɟɪɜɧɨ – ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɵɟ ɬɤɚɧɢ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɡɠɟ. ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɛɢɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɦ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɬɨɠɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɩɟɜɲɢɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɠɟ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɣɪɨɝɭɦɚɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ 1-3 ɫɭɬɨɤ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɸɬ, ɩɨ – ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɧɨ – ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ,
ɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ – ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɲɥɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ 3
– 7 ɞɧɟɣ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɧɢɦɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ. ȼ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ, ɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫ 8 – 10 ɞɧɹ ɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɭ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɤɪɨɜɢ. Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ 30 ɞɧɟɣ, ɚ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ 4 – 6 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ.
Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɥɭɱɟɜɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɞɨɡɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɹ ɟɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ.
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2 ȼɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.
ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɨ – ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ( ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɝɞɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ; ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɭɤɪɵɬɢɹ; ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɨɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). ɗɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɜɪɚɱ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ, ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ. ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɚɤɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɠɢɜɭɳɢɯ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɞɧɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ ɷɬɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɭ: ɩɪɢ ɫɟɦɢɤɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 10 ɪɚɡ. Ⱦɨɡɚ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ 24 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɵɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɵɥɢ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɧɢ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɡɵ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ.
ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɲɢɣ ɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɬɚ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɜɪɚɱ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ, ɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɸ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ, ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪɢɸ, ɜɡɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɤɚɥɚ, ɦɨɱɢ, ɦɨɥɨɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɪɨɜɶ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɫ ɞɨɡɢɦɟɬɪɢɟɣ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪɢɟɣ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ (ɫɯɟɦɚ 1):
1.ɀɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɭɛɨɸ.
2.ɀɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɜ ɝɭɪɬɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɛɨɹ.
3.ɇɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ.
4.ɉɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɢɞ, ɬɹɠɟɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. ɀɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ (ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɝɚɦɦɚ - ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɛɨɣ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ( ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɬɪɢ ɞɧɹ) ɧɚ ɭɛɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɫ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯ ɞɨɡɭ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɵɲɟ 600 Ɋ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ (ɨɬ 1 ɞɨ 5 ɞɧɟɣ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ) ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯ ɞɨɡɭ 400 – 600 Ɋ. ȼ ɬɪɟɬɶɸ
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ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ – ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯ ɞɨɡɭ 200 – 400 Ɋ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɛɨɹ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯ ɞɨɯɭ 150 – 200 Ɋ. ɂɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɝɭɪɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɟɪɠɤɢ.
ɀɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɲɢɯɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɭ ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɭɛɨɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɟɪɵ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.
ȼɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɟɪ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ
ɢɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ 1. ɋɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ
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Ɋɚɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ |
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Ʌɭɱɟɜɚɹ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ (ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ |
Ʌɭɱɟɜɚɹ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ |
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ɫɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ) |
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(ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɡɝɚɪɚ) |
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ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɨɛɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ (Ɋ) |
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ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ |
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150-200 200-400 400-600 ɫɜ.600 |
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ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟ |
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ |
ɬɹɠɟɥɚɹ ɫɬ. |
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ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ |
ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ |
ɥɟɝɤɚɹ ɢ ɫɪ.ɫɬ. |
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ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɧɨɟ |
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ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ |
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ɜɟɬɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ |
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ɞɨɩ ɭɪ.ɪɚɞ. |
ɩɪɨɝɧɚɡɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ |
ɜɟɬɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ |
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ɞɚɥɟɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɜɧɭɬɪ.ɡɚɪ. |
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ɥɟɝɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɚɹ ɤɪɚɧɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɚɹ |
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ɱ/ɡ 1-10 ɞɧ. |
1-5 ɞɧ. ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ 3 ɞɧɹ |
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ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɨɩ.ɭɪ. 1ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ________________________________________________________________
2 ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ______________________ɍɛɨɣ ɧɚ ɦɹɫɨ ____________________________
3ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ________________________________________________________________
_______________________ɉɟɪɟɞɟɪɠɤɚ__________________________________________
_______________________Ʌɟɱɟɧɢɟ_____________________________________________
______________________ɍɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɟ__________________________________________
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