Английский язык. Учебное пособие-2

The level of recorded crime and the number of people sent to prison both increased during the 1970s and 1980s. By the end of that period the average prison population was more than 50,000 and new prisons had to be built as overcrowding had become a serious problem. By 1988 the cost of keeping someone in prison was over £250 per week, which was more than the national average wage.

Answer the following questions.

1.What per cent of all crimes are dealt with by Magistrates' courts?

2.What is the most popular punishment for guilty people?

3.What is the most severe punishment in Britain?

4.Has the level of recorded crime been increasing constantly in Great Britain?

5.What is the most severe punishment in Russia?

Text 13

Judges in Great Britain

In Britain, the vast majority of judges (that is, the people who decide what should be done with people who commit crimes) are unpaid. They are called «Magistrates», or «Justices of the Peace» (JPs). They are ordinary citizens who are selected not because they have any legal training but because they have «sound common sense» and understand their fellow human beings. They give up time voluntarily.

A small proportions of judges are not Magistrates. They are called «High Court Judges» and they deal with the most serious crimes, such as those for which the criminal might be sent to prison for more than a year. High Court Judges, unlike Magistrates, are paid salaries by the State and have considerable legal training.

Magistrates are selected by special committees in every town and district. Nobody, not even the Magistrates themselves, knows who is on the special committee in their area. The committee tries to draw Magistrates from as wide a variety of professions and social classes as possible.

Answer the following questions.

1.What are judges in Great Britain called?

2.What are their salaries?

3.What kind of people are Magistrates?

4.What crimes do High Court Judges deal with?

5.Who selects Magistrates and what is unusual about the system?

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Text 14

Birth of the Jury

Juries first came into being in Norman Britain because of the Church. In medieval Europe, trials were usually decided by ordeals1 – in which it was believed God intervened, revealing the wrongdoer and upholding the righteous. In the ordeal by water, for instance, a priest admonished the water not to accept a liar. The person whose oath was being tested was then thrown in. If he floated, his oath was deemed to have been perjured. If he was telling the truth, he might drown but his innocence was clear.

In 1215, however, the Catholic Church decided that trial by ordeal was superstition, and priests were forbidden to take part. As a result, a new method of trial was needed, and the jury system emerged.

At first the jury was made up of local people who could be expected to know the defendant. A jury was convened only to «say the truth» on the basis of its knowledge of local affairs. The word verdict reflects this early function; the Latin word from which it is derived, veredictum, means «truly said». It was not until centuries later that the jury assumed its modern role of deciding facts on the sole basis of what is heard in court. Today the jury system has spread to numerous other countries. Every year more than 100,000 jury trials are held in US courts – 90 per cent of the world total.

Notes:

1. Ordeal – «суд Божий» (испытание огнем и водой).

Answer the following questions.

1.When did Juries first come into being?

2.What was the ordeal by water?

3.Was the righteous floated person or drown person?

4.When did the Catholic Church forbid the trials by ordeal?

5.What was the aim of medieval jury at first?

Text 15

Curious Wills

When Margaret Montgomery of Chicago died in 1959, she left her five cats and a $15,000 trust fund for their care to a former employee, William Fields. The will stipulated that Fields was to use the trust income solely for the cats’ care and feeding, including such delicacies as pot roast meat. If, however, he outlived all the cats, Fields would inherit the trust

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principal. Nine years later the last cat, Fat Nose, died at 20, and Fields, 79, was $15,000 richer.

Probably the largest single group of pets to be named specifically in a will were the 150 or so dogs given $4,3 million by Eleanor Ritchey, an oil company heiress who died in 1968. The dogs were mostly strays she had collected at her 180-acre ranch in Deerfield Beach, Florida. When the last dog, Musketeer, died in June 1984, the entire estate – by then grown to nearly $12 million – went under the will to the Auburn University School of Veterinary Medicine to support research on dog diseases.

Charles Vance Millar, a Canadian lawyer and financier who died a bachelor in 1926, bequeathed the bulk of his fortune to whichever Toronto women gave birth to the largest number of children in the 10 years after his death. Four women eventually tied in the «stork derby» that followed the publication of his will. Each had 9 children, and they shared between them $750,000. A fifth woman who had 10 children was ruled out because 5 were illegitimate.

One of the world’s shortest wills was left by an Englishman named Dickens. Contested in 1906 but upheld by the courts, it read simply: «All for mother».

A 19th-century London tavernkeeper left his property to his wife - on the condition that every year, on the anniversary of his death, she would walk barefoot to the local market, hold up a lighted candle, and confess aloud how she had nagged him. The theme of the confession was that if her tongue had been shorter, her husband’s days would have been longer. If she failed to keep the appointment, she was to receive no more than £20 a year, just enough to live on. Whether the wife decided to take the bigger bequest or spare herself humiliation is not known.

Answer the following questions.

1.What was the will of Margaret Montgomery of Chicago?

2.How much money were the 150 dogs given by a will of Eleanor Ritchey, an oil company heiress?

3.Who got money after the death of Charles Vance Millar, a Canadian lawyer and financier?

4.What was one of the world’s shortest wills?

5.What condition did a 19th-century London tavernkeeper leave his property to his wife on?

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ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

Основной целью обучения английскому языку в средних специальных учебных заведениях является практическое овладение студентами английским языком в повседневном общении и профессиональной деятельности.

Для этого в данном пособии представлены англоязычные юридические тексты, а также разнообразные упражнения, направленные на формирование определенных умений и навыков в различных видах речевой деятельности, а именно: умение читать и переводить тексты профессиональной направленности со словарем; умение читать и переводить без словаря тексты, содержащие изученную профессиональную лексику, умение выразить свое мнение на английском языке с использованием изученного лексико-грамматического материала, умение понимать на слух англоязычную речь и умение поддержать беседу по изученным темам.

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2001. – 416 с.

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3.Артемова, А. Ф. Великобритания. Книга для чтения по страноведению [Текст] : учебное пособие / А. Ф. Артемова, О. А. Леонович, Г. П. Рябов. – М. : АСТ: Восток – Запад, 2006. – 499 (13) с.

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тов. Упражнения по грамматике. [Текст] / О. А. Березина, Е. М. Шпилюк. – СПб. : Издательство Союз, 2000. – 254 с. – (Серия «Изучаем иностранные языки»).

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2000. – 512 с.

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11.Английский язык для студентов-заочников. Гуманитарные специальности : учеб. пособие [Текст] / Л. В. Хведченя [и др.]; под ред. Л. В. Хведчени. – 4-е изд. – Мн. : Вышая школа, 2005. – 464 с.

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реотип. – М. : Рус. яз., 1985. – 864 с.

13.Оксофордский русско-английский словарь [Текст]. – М. :

«Барклая и К», 1994. – 913 с.

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14.Учебник английского языка [Текст] : для I курса ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз. / С. В. Швецова [и др.]. – 2-е изд., испр. и доп. – М. : Высшая школа, 1982. – 295 с. : ил.

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Учебное издание

Кейс-технология Специальности 030504 Право и организация социального

обеспечения 030503 Правоведение

Блок общих гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин

Логинова

Татьяна Михайловна

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

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