Английский язык для специалистов в области физической культуры и спорта. Учебно-методическое пособие

winter gold medal in women’s bobsleigh and Canadian ice hockey player Jarome

Iginla followed as the first Black male winner.

The 2002 Winter Paralympics, the eighth Winter Paralympics, were held in Salt Lake City, United States, from March 7 to 16, 2002. A total of 416 athletes from 36 nations participated. They were the first Winter Paralympics in the American continent. These were the first Paralympic Winter Games for Andorra, Chile, China, Croatia, Greece, and Hungary. Ragnhild Myklebust of Norway won five gold medals in skiing and biathlon, becoming the most successful Winter Paralympic athlete of all time with 22 medals, 17 of them gold.

The mascot for the Paralympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City 2002 was Otto the otter. Indigenous peoples of the Americas consider otters to be fast swimmers, though in some stories a bit of a show-off. After being nearly wiped out by pollution and over-trapping the river otter has been reintroduced to Utah and can be seen along the banks of the Green River and near Flaming Gorge The otter was chosen as the official mascot of the Salt Lake 2002 Paralympic Winter Games because he embodies vitality and agility, and represents the spirit of every Paralympian.

II.Answer the following questions.

1.How many times has the USA hosted the Olympic Games?

2.Why were not 1904 Summer games held in Chicago?

3.What tradition did the 1904 St. Louis Olympics start?

4.What sports made their debuts at the 1904 Games?

5.Who opened the 1932 Lake Placid Olympics?

6.What was used for the first time for awarding athletes during the 1932 Lake Placid Olympics?

7.Why was participation in the Los Angeles Olympics the lowest since 1904?

8.Why were the Los Angeles Olympics also historic?

9.Why wasn’t a bobsleigh competition included into a program during the 1960

Squaw Valley Olympics?

10.What sports made their debuts at the 1960 Squaw Valley Olympics Games?

11.What Games utilized snow machines to create artificial snow?

12.What sports made their debuts at the 1984 Olympics?

13.When did the first paraplegic athlete take part in a medal event?

14.What Games did Atlanta host?

15.Who lit the cauldron in 1996 in Atlanta?

16.Why was the Salt Lake City Olympics a historic?

17.How many athletes take part in the 2002 Winter Paralympics?

18.What countries participated in the 2002 Winter Paralympics for the first time?

19.What was the mascot of the 2002 Winter Paralympics?

20.Why was the otter chosen as the official mascot of the Salt Lake 2002 Paralympic Winter Games?

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III. Fill the text with prepositions.

A total of 2399 sportsmen took part __ the competitions - 1513 men and 886 women, representing 77 countries (national Olympic committees). It was played 78 sets of awards in 15 disciplines of 7 Olympic sports. In the Nordic combined and the jump ___ the springboard, the medals were exclusively men, and figure skating was the only sport __ this winter Olympics, where men and women participated together in pairs. The winners of the games in Salt Lake City are 407 athletes from 24 countries - 18 __ these countries managed ___ win at least one gold medal. The winner of the general standings was the Norwegian team, which received 25 medals __ of which 13 gold, 5 silver __ 7 bronze medals. Russia at the Olympics won 13 medals out of which 5 gold, taking the final 5th place in the overall standings.

IV. Convert the following sentences from Direct into Indirect Speech.

1.“Don’t be silly!”, Mag asked me.

2.“Give us a drive, please”, Tom asked me.

3.He said to his daughter, “Don’t tease the dog!”

4.“Don’t tell her the truth!”, Mary said.

5.“Please, give us his address and the phone number,” they asked.

6.“Give me a cup of tea, please”, my mother told me.

7.“Don’t ask me such silly questions!”, Sam asked them.

8.“Open your books at page eleven,” the teacher told us.

9.“Hurry up”, my friend told.

10.“Leave your keys on the table”, mother asked me.

11.“Don’t spend too much money,” Regina told us.

12.Mr. Jones said, “Don’t stop here!”

13.Jill’s mother told her, “Don’t go to the café alone!”

14.June asked her granny,” Give me some sugar.”

V. Prepare a report and presentation about any Olympic Games. The work can be done in groups or individually.

UNIT IX. SPORTS AND HEALTH

I. Read and translate the text. Get ready to answer the questions:

1.Why do teenagers like going for sports?

2.What are advantages and disadvantagers of taking up sports?

3.What are the most popular sports?

4.Do you enjoy sports?

5.What is your favourite kind of sport?

Healthy Lifestyle

Nowadays, more and more people start to pick up sports such as football, badminton and squash. Besides that, some even spend a great amount of time

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practicing sports. Sports seem to be the best way to promote health besides helping the people to fill their leisure time. However, they spend too much time in sports that may neglect their studies and affect their family’s bond.

Young people that spend time on sports not only keep their bodies healthy but at the same time build a strong body. Teenagers who spend too much time studying and spend less on sports may obtain a very good result in academic studies but not in sports. Besides that, they are vulnerable against illnesses as their bodies are relatively weak.

Furthermore, sports help them to make full use of their time. By spending most of their time on sports, teenagers may not have enough time to spend on other bad activities such as illegal racing, smoking and drugs which will eventually spoil their future.

In conclusion, sports give advantages to young people as it helps preserve their health besides ensuring their times were fully utilized. However, they should not be encouraged to spend too much time on sports as this will affect their studies and family’s relationship.

II. Read and translate the text, paying attention to the modal verbs.

THE LAWS OF HEALTH

One of the first duties we owe to ourselves is to keep our bodies in perfect health. If our body suffers from any disorder, our mind suffers with it, and we can’t make much progress in knowledge, and we are unfit to perform those duties which are required of us in social life. There are certain laws of health which deserve particular attention, and they are so simple that even a child can learn them. A constant supply of pure fresh air is indispensable to good health. To secure this, nothing impure should remain either within or near our homes, and every room in the house, especially the bedrooms, should be properly ventilated every day. Perfect cleanliness is also essential. The whole body should be washed as often as possible. The skin is full of minute pores, cells, blood vessels and nerves. It "breathes" the way the lungs do. Therefore it should always be clean. Besides its importance to health, there is a great charm in cleanliness. We like to look at one who is tidy and clean. I f the skin is kept clean, the teeth thoroughly brushed, the hair neatly combed, and the finger-nails in order, we feel pleased with the person, even though his (her) clothes may be coarse and much mended. A certain amount of exercise is necessary to keep the body in perfect condition. All the powers (mental and bodily) we possess are strengthened by use and weakened by disuse. Therefore labour and study should succeed each other. The best way of getting exercise is to engage in some work that is useful and at the same time interesting to the mind. It is most essential for the old and the young to do morning exercises with the windows wide open in your room or, if possible, in the open air. Remember that exercises warm, invigorate and purify the body. Rest is also necessary to the health of both body and mind. The best time for sleep is during the darkness arid stillness of the night. Late hours are very harmful to

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the health as they exhaust the nervous system. We should go to bed early and get up early. There is a good English proverb "Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise". Food is also very essential for our body as the body is continually wasting and requires to be repaired by fresh substance. Therefore food, which is to repair the loss, should be taken with due regard to the exercise and waste of the body. Be moderate in eating. If you eat slowly, you will not overeat. Never swallow your food wholesale – you are provided with teeth for the purpose of chewing your food – and you will never complain o f indigestion. We should abstain from everything that intoxicates. The evil of intemperance, especially of alcohol, are too well known. Intemperance excites bad passions and leads to quarrels and crimes. Alcohol costs a lot of money, which might be used for better purposes. The mind is stupefied by drink and the person who drinks will, in course of time, become unfit for his duties. Both health and character are often ruined. Thus we must remember that moderation in eating and drinking, reasonable hours of labour and study, regularity in exercise, recreation and rest, cleanliness and many other essentials lay the foundations for good health and long life.

III. Read the words, write the transcription and translation. Make your own sentences with these words.

IV. Find the definition in the right column for the words from the left column.

V.Give detailed answers to the following questions.

1.Why is it necessary to keep the body in perfect health?

2.What do you think about the laws of health?

3.How do you understand the proverb "Good health is above wealth"?

4.What does it mean "labor and study should succeed each other"?

5.Why are different physical exercises good for our health?

6.Do you think it is really necessary to sleep not less than 8 hours? Why?

7.What does it mean "to be moderate in eating"?

8.Do you worry about how healthy your diet is?

9.What should be done to live a healthy life?

VI. Read the setences in Passive Voice from the text.

VII. Paraphrase the sentences using the Complex Subject.

For example: It is believed the word doping is derived from the Dutch word ‘dop’. - The word doping is believed to be derived from the Dutch word ‘dop’.

1. It is said that an athlete’s sample is divided into two, the A sample and a B sample. 2. It is supposed that 'doping' refers to an athlete's use of prohibited drugs or methods to improve training and sporting results. 3. It is known that WADA accredited laboratories collect and analyse two types of biological material. 4. He came first and it was expected he would be selected for testing. 5. It was thought he had failed to provide accurate whereabouts information. 6. It was alleged that he had used doping for many years. 7. It was reported that the athlete would be disqualified after the adverse analytical finding on the A sample. 8. It is supposed that doping also includes an athlete's refusal to take a drug test or an attempt to tamper with doping controls.

VIII. Make up the sentences using Complex Object and translate them.

IX. Two or three hundred years ago people did not live as long as we live today. Think about three reasons for it.

Did you know...?

Two or three centuries ago people had much shorter lives – the average age was forty-five. But this was mainly because a lot o f babies used to die. If people

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survived to be adults, they could often live to be seventy or eighty, like today. Having children was much more dangerous than it is today. Families often used to have ten or twelve children, but many babies died, and unfortunately many women died in childbirth.

In those days they didn't know how to cure all the diseases that we can cure now. Many people didn't have enough to eat, or didn't have enough money to pay for doctors. Even if you had a doctor, some of their methods were very strange. They used to believe that cutting open their patients and 'bleeding' cured almost any problem – unfortunately, it often killed them instead! And people knew less about hygiene in the past. Even rich people didn't use to wash very often, and most poor people didn't have toilets or clean water. It was difficult to keep food fresh too, so they used to cook with a lot o f strong spices to cover the taste o f the bad meat.

X.Complete the sentences using modal verbs:

1.It is a fantastic film! You …. see it!

2.I want to know what happened. You …. tell me.

3.I forgot to phone my coach yesterday. I …. call him today in the morning.

4.I wasn’t tired but …. train.

5.Have you seen my sneakers? I …. find them.

6.I ….ride a horse when was a pupil.

7.You …train hard.

XI. Translate into English using modal verbs.

1.Вы можете заниматься серфингом почти при любой погоде.

2.Все, что вам нужно для бега трусцой, — это кроссовки и спортивный костюм.

3.Каждый школьник должен посещать уроки физкультуры.

4.Я уверен, что каждый школьник должен заниматься спортом.

5.Вам нужен легкий водолазный костюм для занятий серфингом, чтобы быть защищенным от горячего солнца и холодной воды.

XII. Put questions to the underlined words and expressions.

a.Riding the waves can be the thrill of a lifetime.

b.You should definitely think about learning to surf.

c.Serious surfers must be very brave.

d.You can surf in any weather if you are wearing a wet suit.

e.Professional surfers look as if they learned to surf as soon as they could walk.

f.A surfer’s greatest disappointment would be missing the opportunity to surf.

g.It can take a whole summer to learn to catch a wave at the right moment.

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XIII. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative.

1.“Vintage” cars have to be more than fifty years old.

2.A man with a red flag had to walk in front of cars.

3.There they had a party.

4.A driver has to show his driver’s license to the policeman.

5.People have to keep their vintage cars in good condition.

6.Passengers had to wear old-fashioned hats and coats.

7.We have seen the parade of old cars.

XIV. Read and translate all parts of the text into Russian.

PHYSICAL EXERCISE

Physical exercise is the performance of some activity in order to develop or maintain physical fitness and overall health. It is often directed toward also honing athletic ability or skill. Frequent and regular physical exercise is an important component in the prevention of some of the diseases of affluences such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and obesity. Exercises are generally grouped into three types depending on the overall effect they have on the human body:

–Flexibility exercises such as stretching improves the range o f motion of muscles and joints.

–Aerobic exercises such as walking and running focus on increasing cardiovascular endurance.

–Anaerobic exercises such as weight training, functional training or sprinting increases short-term muscle strength.

Physical exercise is considered important for maintaining physical fitness including healthy weight; building and maintaining healthy bones, muscles, and joints; promoting physiological well-being; reducing surgical risks; and strengthening the immune system. Proper nutrition is at least as important to health as exercise. When exercising it becomes even more important to have good diet to ensure the body has correct ratio of macronutrients whilst providing ample micronutrients, this is to aid the body with the recovery process following strenuous exercise. Proper rest and recovery is also as important to health as exercise, otherwise the body exists in a permanent injured state and wll not improve or adapt adequately to the exercise. Hence, it is important to remember not to do the same type o f exercise two days in a row. The above two factors can be compromised by psychological compulsions (eating disorders such as exercise bulimia, anorexia, and other bulimias), misinformation, a lack of organizations, or a lack of motivation. These all lead to a decreased state o f health.

Exercise benefits

Frequent and regular aerobic exercise has been shown to help prevent or treat serious and life-threatening chronic conditions such as high blood pressure,

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obesity, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, insomnia, and depression. Strength training appears to have continuous energy-burning effect that persists for about 24 hours after the training, though they do not offer the same cardio vascular benefits of aerobic exercises. Exercise can also increase energy and raise one's threshold for pain. Both aerobic and anaerobic exercise also work to increase the mechanical efficiency of the heart by increasing cardiac volume (aerobic exercise), or myocardial thickness (strength thickness).

Common myths

Many myths have arisen surrounding exercise, some of which have a basis in reality, and some are completely false.

1.That excessive exercise can cause immediate death. Death by exercise has some small basis in fact. Water intoxication can result from prolific sweating (producing electrolyte losses) combined with consumption of large amounts of water (e.g. when running a marathon). It is also possible to die from a heart attack or similar affliction if overly intense exercise is performed by someone who is not in a reasonable state of fitness for that particular activity. A doctor should always be consulted before any radical changes are made to a person's current exercise regimen.

2.That weightlifting makes you short or stops growth. One caveat is that heavy weight training in adolescents can damage the epiphyseal plate o f long bones.

Excessive exercise

Too much exercise can be harmful. The body part needs at least a day of rest, which is why most health experts say one should exercise every other day or 3 times a week. Without proper rest, the chance o f stroke or other circulation problems increases, and muscle tissue may develop slowly. Inappropriate exercise can do more harm than good, with the definition of'inappropriate' varying according to the individual. For many activities, especially running, there are significant injuries that occur with poorly regimented exercise schedules. In extreme instances, overexercising induces serious performance loss. Unaccustomed overexertion of muscles leads to damage to muscles most often seen in new army recruits. Another

danger is overtraining in which the intensity or volume o f training exceeds the body's capacity to recover between bouts. Stopping excessive exercise suddenly can also create a change in mood. Feeling o f depression and agitation can occur when withdrawal from the natural endorphins produced by exercise occurs. Exercise should be controlled by each body's inherent limitations. While one set of joints and muscles may have the tolerance to withstand multiple marathons, another body may be damaged by 20 minutes o f light jogging. This must be determined by each individual.

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XV. Read, translate the following words and answer the question: What exercises are accessible for everybody?

Aerobics, Calisthenics, Cycling Dancing, Functional training, Housework, Juggling, Skipping, Martial arts, Metal-rod exercises, Parkour, Pilates, Rock climbing, Running, Sports, Strength training, Stretching, Swimming, Walking, Yoga.

XVI. Find the definition in the right column for the words from the left column.

XVII.Translate into Russian, paying attention to the ways of translating the gerund:

1.He always suggested staying here.

2.The job involves travelling to Germany once a month.

3.I proposed having party at the beach.

4.I promised to care for the cat but I’m not much good at babysitting.

5.He is capable of standing on his head and playing the saxophone.

6.You’d better start digging the garden.

7.Writing letters is more boring than phoning.

8.It is not worth helping him do this job.

9.My wife apologized for being late.

10.I’m very excited about attending tomorrow’s game.

XVIII. Give detailed answers to the following questions.

1.Why should physical exercises be done regularly?

2.What are the groups of physical exercises? What are their purposes?

3.What should be remembered about nutrition while doing physical exercises?

4.What exercise benefits can be mentioned?

5.What are common myths surrounding exercise?

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6.When do we speak about 'excessive' exercise?

7.What would you do to improve your physical condition?

XIX. Read and translate the text.

Healhy Diet

Despite popular relief, a reliance on a single food which composes the majority of a diet is indicative o f poor eating habits. An individual on such a diet may be prone to deficiency and most certainly w i l l not be fulfilling the Recommended Nutrient Intake. While plants, vegetables, and fruits are known to help reduce the incidence o f chronic disease, the benefits on health posed by plant-based foods, as well as the percentage on which a diet needs to be plantbased in order to have health benefits, is unknown. Nevertheless, the plant-based diets in society and between nutritionist circles are linked to health and longevity, as well as contributing to lower cholesterol, weigh loss, and, in some cases, stress reduction. Although a number of preconceptions of healthy diet center around plant-based foods, the majority of assumptions about foods which are usually thought o f as "bad" foods are usually correct; many people associate dishes such as Bacon Sandwiches and Hamburgers as foods which i f eaten regularly can contribute to cholesterol, fat, and heart problems. A healthy diet is usually defined as a diet in which nutrient intake is maintained, and cholesterol, salt, sugar, and fat are reduced. The idea o f a healthy diet is something used by a government to ensure that people are as well "protected" against common illnesses and conditions which stem from poor diet. This could include headaches, lessened sexual drive, heart disease, alcohol poisoning, or obesity. The definition of a healthy diet is sometimes also thought o f as a diet which will combat or prevent illness. Although the majority of people would support this definition, few know why other than because "bad" foods are not consumed. People with healthy diets are less likely to succumb to common minor illnesses, such as lesser forms o f influenza, mainly because consumption of a healthy diet would provide ample nutrients and energy for the body, so as to help stave off such illnesses. Similarly, the healthy diet can also be used this way to aid the body during illness. The myth of "feed a cold, starve a fever" is a common misconception among the public, particularly in the United Kingdom. This is a myth in every sense o f the word because providing the body with nutrients during illness is actually beneficial – nutrient and energy stores would be replenished, allowing for more energy to be used by the body to combat illness. The importance at present of a healthy diet is something which is actually receiving many promotions throughout several countries due to obesity epidemics.

HERE ARE 9 WAYS TO GROW OLD A ND STAY YOUNG:

1.Exercise keeps you young.

2.Eat for health

3.Is your weight ideal?

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