Английский язык для специалистов в области физической культуры и спорта. Учебно-методическое пособие
.pdf3.What subject is compulsory at schools and universities?
4.What is one of the most important tasks today?
5.What to do for bringing up a healthy generation?
6.What sport events can young people participate in?
7.What kinds of sport do many young people take up?
8.How do sports and physical exercises help people in their life?
9.What groups are sports divided into?
XVIII. Write down italicized sentences from the text. Make them negative and interrogative. Put these sentences in the Future and Past Tenses.
XIX. Write down from the text all sports. Transcribe them and translate into Russian. Learn them. Make up a report and presentation about one kind of sport.
XX. Divide words into three groups: individual sports, team sports and physical exercises.
Hockey, skiing, aerobics, hiking, basketball, skating, fencing, archery, rugby, soccer, golf, rowing, handball, swimming, gymnastics, cycling, bicycling, judo, weightlifting, ski-jumping, track-and-field, figure skating, karate, baseball, dancing, shooting, yachting, boxing.
XXI. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations. Make up your own sentences.
Sports equipment, wrestling, track-and-field, an opponent, to oppose, wellequipped, fencing, to play chess, referee, to take part in (to participate), a court (track, field), shooting, a contest, to contest, bodybuilding, skating rink, skiing, to take up gymnastics, professional sport, amateur sport, sports ground, gymnasium (gym), to train, to compete, to do some sports.
XXII. Make up dialogues on the following topics.
1.Physical exercises are very useful for young children, don’t they?
2.What should be done to keep fit for a long time?
3.Is it good when young children start training at an early age?
4.What physical exercises are good for people of all ages?
5.What is your favorite sport and why?
XXIII. Correct the sentences if they are wrong. Pay attention to the state verbs.
1.You are looking beautiful today.
2.These flowers smell really nice.
3.I’m needing your help.
4.He is studying at the moment.
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5.The soup is tasting delicious.
6.You’re driving too fast.
7.Do you believe me?
8.Don’t touch it. It isn’t belonging to you.
9.I want to drink something right now. I’m very thirsty.
10.He seemed so sad at the party yesterday.
XXIV. Translate from Russian into English using present or past tenses (Simple or Continuous).
1. Я люблю смотреть футбол по телевизору. 2. Он сейчас смотрит футбол с другом. 3. Вчера в 6 вечера я смотрел фильм на английском. Я понял почти всё. 4. Он не хочет помогать ей. 5. – Почему ты смотришь на эту фотографию? – Я думаю, я знаю этого человека. Но я не помню, где я его видел. Она часто забывает дни рождения своих друзей.
XXV Form the past tense from the verbs given in brackets. Translate into Russian.
Last weekend we (go) to Edinburgh by train from London. We (stay) at a hotel in Princess Street. It (be) cold and windy when we (arrive) in Scotland, but the hotel (be) warm and comfortable. On Sunday morning, we (get up) at 8 o’clock and (have) a good breakfast. Then we (walk) down Princess Street and
(look) at the lovely shops. We (visit) the castle in the afternoon and (enjoy) sitting in the gardens. We (not / go out) in the evening, but we (stay) in the hotel and (talk) to some people from America.
XXVI. Correct the sentences (Past Simple or Present Perfect)
1)They have scored a goal in the 10th minute.
2)She have never won a medal in her career.
3)He has become a gold medalist in 2015.
4)They claimed 50 points last year.
5)So far the team never lost a competition.
6)It is the first time that he has participated in the Olympics.
7)I have retired two years ago, at the age of 30.
8)The Serb has been out with injury since August
9)She has won just 15 matches this year.
10)Ivanov spent 12 weeks as world number one in 2008 and won 15 career singles titles.
11)She has reached the French Open semi-final in 2015 and was runner-up at Roland Garros and Wimbledon in 2007 and at the 2008 Australian Open.
12)I began dreaming about playing tennis when I has been five and seen Monica Seles playing on TV.
XXVII. Render the following item in English.
Спорт очень важен в жизни миллионов людей. Спорт делает людей здоровыми, сильными и более организованными. Почти всех людей можно
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разделить на две группы. Некоторые предпочитают смотреть спортивные события на стадионе или по телевизору, читать интересные истории о спортсменах, слушать по радионовости о футболе и других видах спорта. Другие выбирают участие в соревнованиях и спортивных играх. В мире существует множество различных спортивных событий и соревнований. Самыми популярными зимними видами спорта являются конькобежный спорт, лыжи, хоккей, биатлон. Появляются новые виды спорта, такие как сноуборд. Этот вид становится популярным среди молодых спортсменов. Многие предпочитают заниматься спортом летом. Они увлекаются плаванием, яхтингом, дайвингом и т. д. Футбол — наиболее популярная игра в мире. Это национальный спорт Англии. Некоторые люди увлекаются такими видами спорта, как борьба, гимнастика, бокс, армрестлинг и другими. Аэробика очень популярна среди женщин. Благодаря ей девушки становятся здоровыми и стройными. Большое внимание уделяется спорту в учебных заведениях. Физическая культура является обязательным предметом в школах и университетах.
UNIT II. SPORT IN RUSSIA
I.Answer the following questions.
1)Which sports are popular in different countries Russia?
2)What's your favorite sport? Why do you like it?
3)Can you name any outstanding sportsmen in this kind of sport?
4)Did you use to do any sports? Do you attend any sports club?
5)What do you know about the history of the Olympic Games?
6)What year were the Olympic Games organized in Sochi?
7)Do you ever watch the Olympic Games on TV? When?
8)Which Olympic kinds of sport do you enjoy watching and why?
II.Read and translate the text. Write down the key (main) sentences from the text.
Developmental Stages of the Russian Sport Industry
Early Period
This period dates back to the founding of Russia in 880 A.D. and the acceptance of Orthodox Christianity till the late 19th century. Modern sport industry has its roots in sports and physical exercises that were widespread in the national life of Russian people. During the early period of its development, sports activities started to be not just people’s fun, but quite systematized sporting events. Organization and holding of them gradually became widespread. At the state level, the most notable changes in the development and formation of the Russian sports are associated with the name of Tsar Peter the Great (18th century) when sport in Russia became systematic and regular. During that time, many
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educational institutions were established to prepare qualified personnel for developing industry in Russia.
Formation Period
This period occupies the whole 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century before the Socialist Revolution. In the early 19th century, the development of sport industry in Russia received an additional impetus from the emergence of the country’s private sports facilities for members of the Russian aristocracy and monarchs. Some examples of sport industry formation during that period are sponsoring of sport clubs and tournaments and salary for professional wrestlers in the circus. The first sponsor of the Russian Olympic team was count Georgy Ribopiere, who was the owner of horse business and a member of International Olympic Committee (IOC) at the same time (1900–1916). The construction of special sports facilities like arenas, shooting ranges, racecourses, and so on was popular at the time. Competitions among members of sports associations, clubs, and organizations were actively promoted and supported by leading figures of the country. The first specialized magazines, aimed at the dissemination of sport ideas, evolved. In 1901, the Football League was founded and this event marked the beginning of the Football Cup series in Russia. By the beginning of the World War I, there were around 1,200 fitness and sports associations with more than 45,000 members in 332 cities and towns. All nongovernmental sports organizations acted as self-governing structures within the general civil law. In 1911, the Russian Olympic Committee was established. Organization of sporting events began to engage experts with higher education majoring in sports and economics. More than 1,300 industrial enterprises and other business establishments have been founded to meet the growing demand for sporting goods.
Soviet Period
The Soviet Era of the sport industry lasts for 74 years from 1917 to 1991 and was the most successful in athlete’s performance in the world arena. The most significant changes that determined the structure of the contemporary sport industry and centralization of sport governance in general took place in the period. The most popular kinds of sports were athletics, gymnastics, acrobatics, swimming, skiing, figure skating, boxing, wrestling, football (soccer), ice hockey, volleyball, chess, and many others. It was sport industry but not sport business at the time, because of governing sports by state and the absence of a free market. After 1917, the physical training and sports were governed by state. During 1920s and 1930s, a lot of national sports and physical training festivals were held, “Sport Days,” cross-country races, cycling and skiing competitions, many other mass sporting events gathering near 54 million of participants and spectators from all over the country. In 1956, the Soviet Olympic team came back to the international Olympic movement and took the first place in the nonofficial medal rate. The XXII Summer Olympic Games were held in Moscow in 1980. The Soviet government funded a lot of money to the sport development. The sport facilities built during the period are estimated to be:
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•3,000 stadiums
•60,000 gyms
•1,300 swimming pools
•500,000 sports grounds
•100,000 football fields
•18,000 shooting galleries
•7,000 ski lodges
The annual volume of sports broadcasts in the programs of the Central Television was up to 900 h, Soviet radio – more than 750 h. Every year on the wide screen were shown up to 40 documentaries, educational, scientific, and popular films, aimed at the development of physical culture and the promotion of mass sports. Magazine “Physical Culture and Sport,” founded in 1923, annually had circulation of over 10 million copies. Sport was social area of state responsibility, even professional sport. The situation changed at the late-1980s, when Soviet government chooses a new market-oriented policy. Since the time new possibilities for development of sport industry in Russia were opened.
Modern Period
This period started with the founding of the Russian Federation as a new and open democratic state in 1991. The decade 1992–2002 was the most difficult period for the Russian sport, sport industry, and formed sport business. Continual reformation of sport in frames of a new economy (for example, the Ministry of Sport was reformed eight times at the time) lead to crucial reduction of sport goods and services production. Sport sector lost about 90% of finance from Soviet time. As a result, the Russian athlete decisions at the international competitions were lower than ever.
Gradually, the situation was changing as Russian economy showed stable growth and foreign investors and international sport companies entered the new market. The Russian sport industry was diverse and it became the part of the global market during the decade. First of all a variety of private fitness and wellness classes with good services and modern equipment were opened. At the time the new sport leagues for regular national tournaments were founded for football (soccer), ice hockey, grass hockey, basketball, volleyball, handball, and other kinds of game sports. Sponsorship became the part of a sport business. Sport connected with tourism and entertainment business. Healthy life style used by marketers to promote sport goods and services. New sports such as kiting, snowboarding, beach volleyball became not only prestigious, but also a widely available. As the Russian sport industry becomes more professional and complex, the number of agencies involved to the delivery of sport products and services multiplies. It was time of bidding activity for mega sport events in Russia, such as Olympic Games and world championships in different sports.
Post-Modern Period
The new era of sport industry in Russia coming from the Sochi 2014 project, supported by federal government and huge business. The XXII Olympic Winter Games were held from 7 to 23 February to 2014 in Sochi, Krasnodar region,
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Russia. The Games became the most expensive in the Olympic history with more than 50 billion dollars spent as for Olympic venues and organization of the tournament, as for the region development (tourist, transport, energy, and telecommunication infrastructure). A great number of companies dealing in the spheres of sport and tourism emerged on the wave of all-Russia sport addiction. New sport complexes are being built, and the level of sponsorship has increased. The sport industry as estimated will continue to grow in Russia and will increase its turnover up to 40% by the year 2020. After Sochi, the state program “Ready for Labor and Defense” (Russian: “Gotov k trudu i oborone” abbreviated as GTO) was established. GTO is a state-run and government-sponsored system of training and evaluation standards and requirements for the physical development and aptitude of different age groups.
Those participating in the program are invited to do a variety of tests, such as jogging, push-ups, throwing of dummy grenades, jumps, cross-country skiing, swimming, pull-ups, rope climbing, medicine ball shot-put, and hiking in the countryside. The people who volunteer to test their physical skills will get an honorary badge, prerogative when applying to universities.
Another unique characteristic of the Post-Modern sport industry in Russia is the influence of geo-political changes. In March 2014, people who lived in the territory of Crimea peninsula voted to be reunited with the territory of the Russian Federation as a result of revolution in the Ukraine. Many Russian and newly established Crimean companies started providing sport and tourism services. New sport infrastructure and sport facilities are being built in Crimea attracting billions in investments. The peninsula is famous for its resorts and sandy beaches of the Black Sea, which makes it one of the most popular places for sport business.
III. Put various types of questions to the text. Answer them by working in pairs.
IV. In the text Modern Period determine the time of the predicates in italics. Form negative and interrogative forms.
V. Use Past Perfect, translate these sentences.
1) Our guests (meet) before so we didn’t need to introduce them to one another. 2) The old man (be) a great traveler in his youth and could tell a tale about many strange places. 3) John had nothing to smoke because he (forget) to buy tobacco. 4) We couldn’t play football that Saturday as it (rain) all the previous week. 5) They (not /eat) for twenty-four hours and were very hungry. 6) He lived quietly on a little money he (save) before his retirement.
VI. Open the brackets and use Present Perfect Continuous.
1.A: Sorry, I didn’t know you are here. How long have you been waiting? B: Never mind, I only ______ (to wait) for a couple of minutes.
2.A: _______ you (to work) here long?
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B: Yes, I_____. I __________ (to work) for Nike for five years. 3. A: How long _________the phone (to ring)?
B: It _______ (to ring) for a couple of minutes.
A:Somebody_________ (to call) all morning. 4. A: You speak English very well.
B:Oh, thank you. I_______ (to learn) it since I was 10. 5. A: Your hands are dirty. What _________you (do)?
B:I _____ (to fix) the printer.
6. A: Have you already found a job?
B:No, I haven’t. Though I _______(to look) for it for several months, actually since I was made redundant.
VII. Read the text and make a retelling.
Sport in Russia
Can you find a definition of the word "sport"? Sport is an organized, competitive, entertaining and skillful activity, which needs following some certain rules. It is an essential part of people’s life. It is very popular among people of different nationalities and ages groups. Sport can help people to be in nice form, to keep fit, it makes us be organized, disciplined and strong-willed.
Russia is a country which is famous for its outstanding excellent sportsmen, in different kinds of sport. Russian teams take worthy places at many world championships.
Sport has become very popular among young people, and since early childhood children can be trained to sport life. Schools and universities of Russia offer students a big choice of sport activities. It can be tennis, table tennis, volleyball, basketball, swimming, football, judo, boxing and others. There are a lot of sport clubs in Russia which specialize in many kinds of sports, admitting children and teenagers. A lot of members of such clubs can take part in various competitions, struggling for medals.
Russian people can do many different sports. In summer they usually swim a lot, roller-skate and ride a bicycle. All sports courts are full of football fans. Winter sports are closer to Russian people. As soon as the first snow falls, nearly all the inhabitants of the country take their cross-country skis and lay out a ski trail.
Young sportsmen also adore snowboarding and Alpine skiing. Ski resorts all around the country become more and more popular, especially among the young people. It's not enough for snowboarders just to be able to surf down the slide. It's a must for every respected boarder to show at least 5 different stunts, otherwise he or she would not be considered "cool". There is nothing more attractive for Russian people in winter than skiing for the whole day and then sitting with friends, chatting and drinking hot tea. The equipment for Alpine skiing and snowboarding is quite expensive, but young sportsmen use the equipment that they rent at the ski resorts.
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You can't forget about another favorite winter sport of the Russians – skating and particularly figure skating. Nowadays a lot of people attend outdoor or indoor skating-rinks where they can skate even in summer.
Russian people are ardent fans of extreme sports. For the last several years there occurred a new youth passion for elastic bungee jumping. You can jump off a bridge or a building and fall down to the ground, but just before the moment you hit the water or the ground, an elastic rope pulls you back. There is a similar kind of sport called skysurfing. In this case, you jump out of an airplane, which is flying at the height of about 5 km and fall down using a special board to "surf" the air.
There are a great number of fitness centers all over Russia. A year ticket to one of such centers may cost about 10.000 rubles.
Having your personal card, you may have a possibility to use all offered facilities and attend all the classes which are included in the program. It may be everything from a simple gym equipped with a lot of up-to-date gym apparatus to some dancing classes or a swimming pool.
Vocabulary:
1.competitive - конкурентный
2.entertaining - развлекательный
3.skillful - умелый
4.activity - занятие
5.strong-willed - с сильной волей
6.slide - скользить
7.equipment - снаряжение
8.struggling for medals - борьба за медали
9.bungee jumping - прыжки с высоты
10.rope - веревка
11.stunt - трюк
12.facilities - возможности
13.up-to-date – современный
VIII. Answer the questions.
1.What is the definition of the word "sport"?
2.What can you say about sport in Russia?
3.What are the favorite winter sport activities in Russia?
4.What extreme sports have occurred in Russia recently?
IX. Find the English equivalents of the following phrases.
нуждается в определенных правилах, сохранять форму, выдающиеся спортсмены, большой выбор спортивных занятий, брать в аренду на лыжных курортах, включено в программу, оснащен большим количеством современной аппаратуры
X. Translate it into Russian.
popular among people, take worthy places, can be trained to sport life, adore snowboarding and Alpine skiing, to surf down the slide, every respected boarder, not be considered "cool"
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XI. Complete the sentences according to the text.
1.Sport is…
2.Sport has become very popular…
3.Russian teams take worthy places…
4.Young sportsmen also adore…
5.All the inhabitants of the country take…
6.Nowadays a lot of people attend…
7.Favorite winter sport of the Russians…
XII. Translate sentences into Russian.
1. Хорошая идея надевать шлемы, чтобы избежать повреждений.
3.Россияне - очень спортивная нация.
4.Как и все другие, они посещают спортзалы и фитнес центры.
5.Россияне так же увлекаются экстремальными видами спорта.
6.Соревнования по этим видам спорта привлекают огромное количество зрителей.
7.Спорт любой разновидности играет большую роль в повседневной жизни россиян.
8.Миллионы зрителей приходят на стадионы, чтобы посмотреть их матчи.
9.В эти спортивные игры играет большое количество любителей.
10.Огромное количество фитнес центров существует по всей России.
XIII. Read and translate the dialogues into Russian
Dialogue 1
-Do you like sports?
-Yes, sure, I love football and biathlon, and you?
-And I also like football
-And which team do you support?
-I am a fan of Dynamo, this year they are not playing particularly well, but I think that all of them still ahead.
-And I’m a fan of Barcelona, my team plays very well this year.
Dialogue 2
-Do you like figure skating?
-Of course, this sport is very similar to ballet. I love watching all winter sports.
-Yes, I also like winter sports, especially skiing. My friends and I watch them on TV.
-And do you watch snowboarding?
-No, unfortunately I do not understand this sport. And I also don’t like Curling. - I watch competitions in Curling at the winter Olympics.
Dialogue 3
-Soon there will be Olympic Games, are you going to watch?
-Yes, of course, I love the opening ceremony: it is always a very wonderful sight.
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-And what sports do you prefer?
-I ‘m going to follow the competitions in running, long jump and swimming, and what about you?
-My favorite sports are rugby and water polo.
-I also love gymnastics: there are always very beautiful girls and costumes.
XIV. Make up dialogues on the topic "Sports" and play in pairs.
XV. Put the verbs in the correct form. Use the Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous or Past Simple.
A:What (to do) you now?
B:I (to work). I (to try) to arrange a new venue for our competition since morning.
A:What (to be) wrong with the old one? There (to be) a change of plan?
B:Oh, yes, unfortunately, their manager (call) me yesterday. He (to apologize) for the inconvenience and (to say) they had had some equipment stolen.
A:Sorry to hear that. What shall I do? I already (to inform) the teams about the old venue. I (to send) them the timetable, too.
B:Could you, please, help Jane? She (to be) on the phone now and already looks tired. She (to talk) with team managers for two hours.
XVI. Use the Past Perfect or Past Simple.
1.The former technical director, who (to act) as a consultant to Liberty, (to be appointed) to lead the sporting and technical side of F1.
2.He (to joke) that he (to injure) himself taking part in mixed martial arts.
3.They later (to admit) that they (to discuss) the terms with the lawyer before signing the contract.
4.Jones only (to tell) him that they (to reappoint) him captain.
5.Reuters reported that the lab (to find) methylhexanamine in his A sample.
6.His record of 249 Manchester United goals (to stand) for 44 years until Rooney (to go) past it at the Britannia Stadium.
7.The referee explained that he (to be dismissed) for reacting angrily to a 93rdminute penalty given to Burnley.
8.When asked about what (to lead) to his dismissal, he (to refuse) to comment.
XVII. Open the brackets and use Past Perfect Continuous. The first has been done for you:
1.When we came, she looked half asleep because she (to rest). - When we came, she looked half asleep because she had been resting.
2.Steve was angry. He (to argue) with the event manager.
3.She looked tired. She (to read) the documents all night.
4.They were vexed. They (to discuss) the issue for hours.
5.They were short of breath because they (to run) all the way to the station.
6.His hands were dirty. He (to install) the equipment.
7.He came last, he (not to train) properly.
8.He (to play) for the club for five years, before he was sold to Real Madrid.
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