Английский язык для специалистов в области физической культуры и спорта. Учебно-методическое пособие

XVIII. Open the brackets and put the verbs in Future Perfect.

1) Professor Benton (to finish) the operation by three o’clock. 2) The birds

(to fly) away before winter. 3) The secretary (to type) all the letters by the time the boss comes. 4) By the end of the term we (to read) two English novels. 5) Come tomorrow evening. By that time I (record) the music. 6) By the end of next week Charles (to buy) a new house. 7) By the time the manager asks me I (to complete) this translation.

XIX. Open the brackets and put the verbs in Future Perfect Continuous.

1) By next year we (to live) in this city for four years. 2) When Ann gets her diploma she (study) at the University for five years. 3) When Sam gets his driving license he (to drive) his car for three months. 4) By next term we (to read) this novel for two months. 5) Pete (to work) in this company for 10 years by next year.

XX.Choose the correct variant of the verb and translate the sentences.

1.By the time Teddy comes home Pamela … (will eat/will have eaten/will be eating) all the apple jam.

2.It’s still not clear if the weather … (will change/will have changed/changes) for the better.

3.When Sandra enters a Design College she … (will study/will be studying/will have been studying) Drawing for 5 years there.

4.We … (will travel/will have travelled/will have been travelling) to lake Baikal in 2 months.

5.She … (will be playing/will have played/will have been playing) tennis tomorrow afternoon.

6.My dear granny … (will become/will be becoming/will have become) a pensioner by 2018.

7.When you come to the station I … (will wait/will be waiting/will have waited) for you by the central entrance.

8.By the time he returns, we … (will starve/will have starved/will have been starving) here for 3 days!

UNIT III. SPORT IN THE USA

I.Answer the following questions.

1.What American athletes can you name?

2.What sports in the USA do you think are the most popular?

In general, sport is the important part of the American culture. There are special leagues and associations on different ranges. In every state clubs are established, in which people of all ages can do any kind of sport.

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There is no secret that Americans are highly proud of their sport achievements and also of their attitude to sport as a part of national culture. Families going to the matches are quite traditional. From the early age children join it and being students necessary attend sport sections and take part different competitions. It also gives an opportunity to get sport scholarships. Professional sportsmen in the USA are quite successful and well-off people. That is why such perspectives encourage the youth to improve skills and achieve the best results in this field.

In this way, rate of the most popular kinds of sport is: baseball (10% of the interviewed Americans play it), American football (8%), basketball (7%), hockey (6%), golf (7%), tennis (5%), swimming (5%), volleyball (4%), football (3%), bowling (3%), not engaged in sport (24%). The fact that Americans take active position in sport sphere of life and attend sport events eloquently evidences that it is really a part of American culture.

II. Read the text and make a summary.

Sport in the USA

Sport is an important part of education in American schools and universities. Students often learn two or more ball games, like football, rugby or basketball.

Then at high school the best players in every school form teams. Every team has its own symbol and a supporting group which is called cheerleaders. Girls who are cheerleaders can wear clothes in the same colours as the students of their team. They learn different dances, jumps, acrobatic stunts and cheers. It takes a lot of time, practice and energy to be good at cheerleading. But nowadays the world of cheerleaders no longer means side-line squads that exist just to support other teams. They are teams enjoying full rights, teams of the same importance as those football and basketball ones which they traditionally cheer. College and high school cheerleaders compete at national championships.

The most popular spectacular sports in the United States are football, baseball, basketball and hockey. As for the top mass sports, they are swimming, cycling and calisthenics.

American football derives from the English game – rugby. It isn't similar to soccer excepting some details, like the number of players and the size of the field. It is a far more aggressive game which requires great physical power and endurance.

Baseball is one of the most popular American team games. The first American baseball match was held in 1839 in New York. Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played by two teams of nine players each. The aim is to score runs by hitting a thrown ball with a bat and touching a series of four bases arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot square. American children of 8 years old can join certain leagues where they are taught by coaches. Every player and coach must wear a particular uniform: a shirt, pants, baseball cleats (specific shoes worn by the player for better traction with the earth) and a baseball cap designed to shade the eyes from the sun. Today baseball caps are widespread in our everyday life. Catchers have to wear protective helmets with face masks and a special catcher's mitt.

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Basketball is a game which was invented in America in 1891. It is a team sport in which two teams of five players each try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules. Basketball is one of the world's most widely viewed games nowadays. In 1946 the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was formed. Three years later the BAA merged with the National Basketball League to form the National Basketball Association (NBA). The NBA is famous for many outstanding players, including Larry Bird, Earvin Johnson and Michael Jordan.

A healthy way of life is in fashion now everywhere around the world. There are also many other sports that attract millions of the Americans. Such sports as swimming, track-and-field, skiing, skating, rowing and sailing enjoy great popularity in the USA.

Vocabulary:

1.cheer – «кричалка», одобрительное восклицание

2.to be good at – хорошо уметь чтолибо делать

3.squad – команда, группа

4.endurance – выдержка, стойкость

5.aim – цель

6.to score – насчитывать очки

7.to join – присоединяться, вступать

8.traction – сцепление, трение

9.helmet – шлем

III. Answer the questions.

1.What is cheerleading?

2.Is there any competition in cheerleading?

3.What are the most spectacular sports in the USA?

4.What kinds of sports in America cause the greatest spectator sympathies?

5.What special details are there in American football?

6.How many players are there in the baseball team?

7.Can you name any famous American basketball players?

IV. Give Russian equivalents of English words.

to be good at, to hold a match, to be in fashion, to enjoy popularity, to score points.

V. Give English equivalents of Russian words.

неотъемлемая часть, командные игры, зрительские симпатии, агрессивная игра, брошенный мяч, вошёл в моду.

VI. Speak about sports in the USA.

VII. Translate into English.

1. Спорт в США – это неотъемлемая часть обучения в школе или в университете.

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2.Самые популярные спортивные командные игры - американский футбол, регби, баскетбол и волейбол.

3.В старшей школе формируют команды из лучших игроков.

4.Виды спорта, вызывающие наибольшие зрительские симпатии, – это американский футбол, бейсбол, баскетбол и хоккей.

5.Если упоминать массовые виды спорта, то это плавание, езда на велосипеде и ритмическая гимнастика.

6.Американский футбол и регби очень похожи.

7.Бейсболэто одна из популярнейших командных спортивных игр в Соединенных Штатах.

8.Бейсбол - это игра с мячом и битой, в которой участвуют две команды.

9.В каждой команде есть девять игроков.

10.Баскетбол - игра, которую придумали в Америке в 1891 году.

11.Баскетбол - одна из наиболее любимых зрителями игр нашего времени.

12.Огромное количество американцев занимаются самыми различными видами спорта.

VIII. Translate the dialogue into English.

Майк: Как тебе понравилась игра?

Ден: Это был интересный матч. Я никогда прежде не смотрел американский футбол. Он совсем отличен от европейского.

Майк: Да, совершенно. У нас он называется европейский футбол «соккер». Тебе какой больше понравился?

Ден: Соккер. Он менее опасный, чем американский футбол.

IX. Translate into Russian.

1.Man is known by the company he keeps.

2.This gym was not built in a day.

3.He was told to come in time.

4.I'm sure the prize will be won by our team.

5.Do you know how football was played in ancient times?

6.These letters were being sorted out when they came.

7.A new grammar rule was being explained when the bell rang.

X. Change the sentences into Passive Voice.

For example: She teaches us English. – We are taught English by her.

1) He will give you a cup of coffee. 2) He broke his bicycle. 3) We wash the windows every day. 4) He will write a new text. 5) We plant trees every year. 6) They will discuss this question in their office. 7) Her brother booked the tickets. 8) Mike is writing an interesting article at the moment. 9) They will build the building next year. 10) The manager organized competition well.

XI. Use the right form of the verb to be.

1.There... two men in the hall.

2.There... a woman and a child in the house.

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3.… there a bus stop near our institute?

4.There... four students in my group.

5.There... a lot of people in the stadium yesterday.

6.… there … a new bus station in our city in a week?

XII. Put the sentences in the interrogative and negative form.

1.There were four faculties at the academy.

2.There will be three new parks in the town.

3.There are many children in the stadium.

4.There was a dictionary and two newspapers on the desk.

5.There is a number of bookshelves in the room.

6.There were 30 students in our group.

XIII. Discuss your favorite sports with your partner.

XIV. Project suggestion. Make a presentation about the national American kind of sport.

The project can be done in individual form or in groups. You can find pictures, photos and other items connected with the country. Also, you can put your texts on a poster and illustrate it with the pictures. Or you can present your project as a brochure. Students write captions for the illustrations.

UNIT IV. SPORT IN GREAT BRITAIN

I.Answer the following questions.

1.What British athletes can you name?

2.What sports in Great Britain do you think are the most popular?

Particular quality of English fans is the fact they constantly follow their teams to different countries (the so called “patriots”). Their number sometimes exceeds 20 thousand people. In some cases, fans not having tickets before several minutes’ match beginning gather in a big screaming crowd, let several people go forwards, artificially create pressure on people standing in front of them and rush into the stadium.

Often, being abroad, fans come in a café next to the stadium, put their national flags of Great Britain, sing English songs, creating “small England”. As a rule, it irritates local inhabitants and cause conflicts. English fans are either having short cuts or they are bald, they have tattoos, earrings. They are usually about 30-40 years old. They principally don’t speak other languages.

Fans are divided by police into three categories: -A –loyal

-B- in certain situations they can commit offense -C-ardent fans, hooligans, scandal and offense instigators

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Their illicit behavior English fans “exported” in other countries, leaving for abroad with their national team. There such behavior got the name “English illness”.

II. Read the text and make a summary.

England is a sports-loving nation. Sports in England can take many different forms: organized sports, which attract big crowds to encourage their favorite teams to victory, athletic games played for recreation and others. Some sports can be called spectator, when the number of spectators is greater than the number of people who play the game. Other sports are called participant, sports which attract hedge crowds only on special occasions such as tournaments.

The game which we peculiarly associate with England is cricket. Many other games are English in origin, too, but are accepted with enthusiasm in other countries. Cricket is seriously and extensively played only in the Commonwealth countries, particularly in Australia, India and Pakistan. Cricket is a slow game, and a spectator, sitting in the afternoon sun after his lunch, may be excused for a little sleep for half an hour. Cricket makes no progress in popularity.

Association football or soccer is very popular. Nearly 50 million spectators each year watch matches between the great professional teams organized by the Football League. The biggest event in England is Cup Final played at the Empire Stadium, in Wembley, a London suburb. Rugby football is played with an eggshaped ball which may be carried and thrown. Rugby is usually played by amateurs.

The games of golf and tennis are played by great numbers of people. Golf is played in the countryside. It consists in driving a small ball towards and into holes separated by considerable distances, by means of special golf clubs. The aim is to go round using as few strokes as possible. There are many tennis clubs, but every town provides tennis courts in public parks. The world championship tennis matches are held in Wimbledon in London during June and July.

Besides football, the chief spectator sport in Britain is horse-racing. A lot of people are interested in the races and risk money on the horse which they think will win. Britain is also famous for motor-car racing, boat racing, dog racing, and even races for donkeys. The famous boat race between the teams of Oxford and Cambridge attracts hedge crowds of people.

Various forms of athletics, such as running, boxing, jumping, swimming are wide-spread in England. The English weather is not always cold enough to ski, skate, or toboggan, but winter is a good season for hunting and fishing. Really, sport in one form or another is an essential part of daily life in Britain.

Vocabulary:

1.encourage - воодушевлять

2.tournament - турнир

3.extensively - широко

4.suburb - пригород

5.amateurs - любители

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6.considerable - значительно

7.aimцель

8.wide-spread - распространенный

9.crowd - толпа

10.toboggan - кататься на санях

III. Answer the questions.

1.What forms do sports in England take?

2.What are spectator sports?

3.What sports are called participant?

4.What game is peculiarly associated with England?

5.What does golf playing consist in?

6.What is the chief spectator sport in Britain, besides football?

7.What forms of athletics are wide-spread in England?

IV. Give Russian equivalents.

1.played for recreation

2.only on special occasions

3.peculiarly associated with

4.accepted with enthusiasm

5.may be excused

6.are held

7.essential part

V. Give English equivalents.

1.страны содружества

2.финал кубка

3.мировой чемпионат

4.обеспечивают теннисными кортами в общественных парках

5.посещают матчи между великими профессиональными командами

6.привлекает огромные толпы людей

7.знаменитые лодочные гонки

VI. Say what you know about sports in Great Britain.

VII. Translate into English.

1.Без сомнения, футбол считается самым популярным видом спорта в Англии.

2.В английской футбольной лиге насчитывают 92 игровых клуба.

3.Тысячи людей играют в футбол в парках и на детских площадках просто ради удовольствия.

4.В крикет играют на зеленых лужайках в сельской местности, и в больших и маленьких городах.

5.В 18 веке правила игры в крикет стали обязательными.

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6.Свое начало игра Регби получила в школе регби в Йоркшире.

7.Эта игра похожа на футбол, только играют с овальным мячом.

8.Лучшие команды по регби соревнуются в суперфинале Лиги в сентябре каждого года.

9.Самый известный турнир по теннису – это Уимблдон.

10.Все началось с небольшого клуба в южном Лондоне еще в 19 веке.

11.Уимблдонский турнир, в котором участвуют в соревновании ведущие «ракетки» мира, каждый год проводится в южном предместье Лондона.

VIII. Translate the dialogue into English.

Джеймс: Привет, Алан. Отлично выглядишь! Как идут дела? Алан: Хорошо, спасибо, а у тебя?

Джеймс: И у меня. Какой предпочитаешь вид спорта?

Алан: Я предпочитаю соккер, но, как и большинство из нас, я зритель, а не участник действия. Я смотрю футбольные матчи практически каждую субботу во второй половине дня либо на местном стадионе, либо по телевизору. А как ты? Ты играешь в футбол?

Джеймс: Вообще то, нет. Ты же знаешь, наша самая популярная игра - это крикет. Я по сей день играю в нашем местном клубе.

Джеймс: Это же традиционная английская игра, не так ли?

Алан: Конечно. Смотришь отборочные игры? Обычно они довольно интересные.

Джеймс: Да. Смотрю их по телевизору, как и все. Надо сказать, все спортивные события сегодня повсеместно транслируются.

Алан: Да, спорт широко распространен.

IX. Discuss your favorite kinds of sport. Make interrogative and negative sentences.

For example: Natalie likes sport. Does Natalie like sport? Natalie doesn't like sport.

1.We often play basketball on Saturdays.

2.Ted drives to work every morning.

3.Dan drinks water very often.

4.We live in England.

5.She works in an office.

6.They go to the gym three times a week.

7.He comes home at 7 o'clock every evening.

8.She teaches English.

9.They usually wear sport clothes.

X. Match questions and answers.

XI. Ask alternative questions and answer them.

1.She (lives) in the center /the suburbs (окрестности, пригород)?

2.You (go) to work by car/on foot (пешком)?

3.Competitions (start) in the morning/in the afternoon?

4.Your friends (like) play football /watch football matches?

5.Your son (like) football/basketball?

6.The gym (open) at 9 a.m. / at 10 p.m.?

7.Your groupmates (watch) TV/ (go) out at weekends?

8.Your parents (come) to see you twice a week/ a month?

9.Your husband/you work in the garden?

10.You and your friends study French/ Chinese?

XII. Complete with the words: Which, Who, Why, How often, When, Where, What, How much.

1.does he works?

2.do your friends spend their vacation?

3.does his coat cost?

4.does she think of you?

5.your sister go home?

6.do they learn poems by heart?

7.does your wife go shopping?

8.does his friend like to play basketball with?

9.knows the way?

10.letter comes after "f"?

XIII. Finish tag questions and answer them.

1.It doesn't snow in spring, …?

2.The children often leave the school late, …?

3.She doesn't like driving, …?

4.He generally goes to bed at eleven o’clock, … ?

5.She doesn't often meet with her parents, …?

6.People sometimes do stupid things, …?

7.Your friends go dancing on Fridays, … ?

8.He doesn't have breakfast at work on weekdays, … ?

9.The shop opens at 9 a.m., … ?

10.His sister doesn’t work at school, … ?

11.His children live in England, …?

12.You and your groupmates are sportsmen, …?

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XIV. Match the English and Russian sentences.

1.Today is … (good) day in my life.

2.Which are … (tall) buildings in the city? – Skyscrapers.

3.Doеs he know the … (late) news?

4. This is … (interesting) film I’ve ever seen.

5.Which is … (big) continent in the world?

6.Who is the … (active) participant in our group?

А) Это самый интересный фильм, который я когда-либо смотрел. В) Сегодня самый лучший день в моей жизни.

С) Кто самый активный участник в нашей группе? D) Какой континент мира самый большой?

Е) Он знает последние новости?

F) – Какие здания самые высокие в городе? – Небоскребы.

XV. Compare, using the conjunctions than , as … as.

1) Ted is … his brother (young). 2) He is … his son (short). 3) This task is … that task (difficult). 4) Liz knows English … her daughter does (bad). 5) Is your granny

…your granddad (young)? 6) Her sister studies … than she (well). 7) Is that bag

…shoes (cheap)? 8) Sindy has got money … his sister (little). 9) Dan’s bike isn’t

…Tim’s (slow). 10) The petrol station is … from my office … the shop (farther).

XVI. Correct the mistakes.

1.He is more cleverer than his brother.

2.Liza is prettier from her sister.

3.Vanilla icecream is more delicious of all.

4.A Peugeot isn’t as more expensive as a Porsche.

5.That book is gooder than this one.

XVII. Read the text and make a summary.

The History of Football

I want to tell you about the history of football, one of the most popular sport games all over the world.

Football is a popular sport played everywhere. It is the national sport of most European and Latin-American countries and of many other nations. Millions of people in more than 140 countries play football. Football is played in the Olympics. Games similar to football were played in China as early as 400 ВС. Egyptians also played a kind of football. They played games involving the kicking of a ball. In about 200 AD the Romans played a game in which two teams tried to score by advancing a ball across a line on the field. The Romans passed the ball to one another, but they never kicked it. Children in London about 1100 played a form of soccer in the streets. During the 1800's Englishmen played a game similar to football. Many rules changed and each person interpreted the rules differently.

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