Английский язык для специалистов в области физической культуры и спорта. Учебно-методическое пособие

Russia. Opening rounds in certain events were held on 6 February 2014, the day before the opening ceremony.

These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee (IOC) presidency of Thomas Bach. Both the Olympics and Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City. It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

A record ninety-eight events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games. A number of new competitions—a total of twelve accounting

pipe skiing, ski and snowboard slopestyle, and snowboard parallel slalom. The events were held around two clusters of new venues: an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi's Imeretinsky Valley on the coast of the Black Sea, with Fisht Olympic Stadium, and the Games' indoor venues located within walking distance; and snow events in the resort settlement of Krasnaya Polyana. The 2014 Games achieved a record broadcast audience of 2.1 billion people worldwide.

The 2014 Winter Paralympics, the 11th Paralympic Winter Games, and also more generally known as the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games, were also held in Sochi 7 to 16 March 2014. 45 National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) participated in the Games, which marked the first time Russia ever hosted the Paralympics. The Games featured 72 medal events in five sports, and saw the debut of snowboarding at the Winter Paralympics.

With 80 medals, 30 of them being gold, the host country of Russia won the most medals during these Games and set a record for the most medals won by a single country during a single Winter Paralympic Games. Additionally, Russian skier Roman Petushkov won the most individual gold medals in Winter Paralympic history, with six golds across skiing and biathlon events.

VI. Put 10 your questions to the text.

VII. Translate the following article from English into Russian. Olympic mascot trio

Leopard, Polar Bear and Bunny Rabbit are the official mascots of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. For the first ever time, the mascots were picked by a popular vote and not by a national Olympic committee.

A proverb has it that good things should come in threes, which is probably why the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee decided upon three mascots. Each of them matches the Olympic principles of friendship, respect and strive for perfection, the committee’s head Dmitry Chernyshenko said on Channel One television after the vote.

41

Athens had three Olympic mascots, Beijing had five and Vancouver had three. Olympic champion Maria Kiselyova agrees that there is a happy number:

“All of the three mascots personify the Winter Olympics. The polar bear is widely associated with the brown bear – the mascot the 1980 Summer Olympics in

Moscow. Here the bear is white, clearly, because it’s for the Winter Games. The bunny rabbit is so very cute. And the leopard is just wonderful - white as snow, it reminds one of winter. Besides, it’s a rare animal species that needs to be protected and taken care of. I hope these mascots will help our athletes to win.”

Of the 24,000 mascots sent to an all-Russian Olympic mascot competition, the jury picked 11 finalists.

Russia’s Santa Claus – Father Frost - was pulled out of the mascot contest before the voting began, though it had been leading the race. But in case of victory, Russia`s Olympic Committee would have got ownership rights for this traditional Russian New Year symbol.

The winning trio received 62% of the vote, with leopard being among the leaders from the very start. It was especially popular in Sochi, where a unique program to preserve leopard population has been implemented since 2009.

Fire boy and Snowflake Girl were chosen as mascots of the Sochi Winter Paralympics. The choice was made by Paralympics champions of the previous years. “These fantastic characters will provide energy and support to our future champions and will contribute to the development of Paralympics sports in Russia”, secretary of Russia`s Paralympics Committee Mikhail Terentyev said.

The authors of winning mascots were presented with entrance tickets to the opening and the closing ceremonies of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

VIII. Translate into English.

Олимпийские игры – самое яркое спортивное событие в мире. Сотни атлетов готовятся к этому старту всю жизнь. Те, кому удается взойти на олимпийский пьедестал, становятся примером для миллионов. Их достижения навсегда остаются в истории спорта и Олимпийского движения.

Современные Олимпийские игры имеют тысячелетнюю историю и сейчас находятся на пике своего развития.

В октябре 2009 года в Копенгагене прошел XIII Олимпийский конгресс – беспрецедентный по своему масштабу. По итогам конгресса были приняты решения, которые определили вектор развития Олимпийского движения на ближайшие 15 лет.

Одним из них является решение расширить программу Олимпийских летних игр: с 2016 года поклонники регби и гольфа смогут болеть за своих любимых спортсменов на олимпийских соревнованиях.

IX. Fıll ın the correct preposıtıons.

Four-time 2010 Paralympic Games gold medalist and Sochi 2014 Ambassador, Irek Zaripov, paused ___ his training to speak to a group of children

___ disabilities about the upcoming Paralympic Games __ Sochi, the history of

42

the Paralympic Games and Russian Paralympic success __ Vancouver 2010. The event was a part __ the Paralympic Awareness program, driven __ the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee in preparations to the XI Paralympic Games in Sochi.

More than 20 pupils from the Viktoria and Solnyshko rehabilitation centers for children with disabilities – including several that play __ a football team – came to the Sochi 2014 Joint Information Center to meet the Russian Paralympic hero. Nikolay Zamkovoy, Editor-in-Chief of a newspaper for children at Solnyshko, which publishes articles written __ children with disabilities, also took part __ the meeting. During the meeting, Irek Zaripov spoke about his sports career including his victories __ Vancouver 2010 and about the personal qualities that are essential in a real champion. Nikolay Zamkovoy spoke about his experience of the Paralympic Games and told them about the accessible environment has been established in Canada.

X. Make a round table discussion. Discuss the questions below with your group.

1.Have you ever seen the Olympic Games on TV? Why? Why not?

2.Would you like to become an Olympic athlete? Why? Why not?

3.Do you think the Olympic Games are exciting? Why? Why not?

4.What types of sports are there in the Winter Olympic Games?

5.Do you know anyone who has participated in the Olympics? If «yes» who?

6.Does your country often win Olympic gold medals? If «yes» in which sport?

7.What do you think Olympic athletes eat for breakfast?

8.What are some good things about the Olympic Games? What are some bad things?

XI. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Sequence of Tenses.

1.Он не знал, когда были проведены первые Олимпийские игры.

2.Он спросил, какие Олимпийские объекты были построены.

3.Анна знала, что он занимается плаваньем с детства.

4.Комитет сообщил, что команды из 50 стран примут участие в соревнованиях.

5.Газеты написали, что эстафета олимпийского огня пройдет по территории нескольких стран.

6.Я узнал, кто стал олимпийским чемпионом по спортивной гимнастике среди мужчин.

7.Я думал, что он играет сейчас в футбол.

8.Я думаю, что все объекты будут построен в срок.

9.Я не знал, что Международный Олимпийский Комитет решил расширить программу Олимпийских летних игр.

10.Все знают, что олимпийские чемпионы становятся примером для

миллионов.

43

XII. Open the brackets. Choose the right variant.

1.Boris said he was in the swimming pool (today, that day).

2.He told me he had bought a ticket (yesterday, the day before).

3.Last week my mobile went wrong. I asked my brother to help me and he promised to do it (tomorrow, the next day).

4.We decided to meet at 11 p.m. (tomorrow, the next day).

5.When I came home, my mother told me that somebody had phoned me half an

hour (ago, before).

6.He said that he had given him (this, that) text (yesterday, the day before).

7.We decided to hurry (now, then).

8.At last they decided to buy (these, those) boots.

9.He thought that his coach was in gym (now, then).

10.When I came to the library, I was glad to see her (here, there).

XIII. Choose the right variant and translate sentences into Russian.

1.I knew that my sister … (have/has/had) a problem.

2.I know that my sister … (have/has/had) a problem.

3.I knew that my sister … (will have/would have/had) a problem soon.

4.He said he … (lived/has lived/had lived) in Moscow since 2005.

5.She asks me if the flight … (has been cancelled/had been cancelled/been cancelled).

6.She asked me if the flight … (has been cancelled/had been cancelled/was cancelled).

7.Nobody knew what … (will happen/would happen/happens) next.

8.Mike said that he … (hasn’t met/didn’t meet/hadn’t met) Helen since they parted.

9.Kelly said that she … (didn’t want/doesn’t want/hadn’t wanted) to wear her hat.

10.We didn’t expect that he … (showed/will show/would show) us the film.

XIV. Transform the following sentences from Direct into Indirect Speech.

1.“I am planning to go to Kenya,” Sally said to her friends.

2.“I can't read these books. I don’t like them,” Petra said.

3.“I am not married,” Jimmy said to Ann.

4.“You may take my textbook,” Nonna said.

5.“I take my little sister to school every day,” little Anthony said.

6.“They are playing in the gym now,” Nick said to the coach.

7.“I don’t like chocolate,” Mary said.

8.“The birds build their nests among the trees,” the teacher said to students.

9.“My sister is ready to go” Helen said.

10.“My mother usually goes shopping on Saturday,” the girl said.

44

11.“China is a densely populated country,” she said.

12.“It’s time they moved to a new house,” he said.

13.“Water freezes below 0 degree”, my mother said to me.

14.“I was reading a story yesterday when the light went out”, mother said.

15.“I didn’t understand the meaning of the film”, he said to his sisters.

UNIT VII. OLYMPIC AND PARALYMPIC GAMES

IN GREAT BRITAIN

I. Read and translate the text.

London 2012 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in London that took place July 27–August 12, 2012. The London Games were the 27th occurrence of the modern Olympic Games. In 2012 London became the first city to host the modern Games three times, having previously been the site of the 1908 and 1948

up Paris (the heavy favourite, which also was attempting to become the first threetime host) by four votes.

The London 2012 Games were centered on the Olympic Park in east London, which is the site of a number of new sports venues. Up to 180,000 spectators a day entered the Park to enjoy the Games, making it the principal focus of Olympic activity.

The main venues – the Olympic Stadium, Aquatics Centre, Velodrome and BMX Circuit, as well as the hockey, handball and basketball arenas – were easily accessible through a network of footbridges and walkways within the Park.

The Olympic Village was within walking distance of all the venues in the Park, enhancing the experience for athletes and officials. The use of other prestigious venues – such as Wembley Stadium for football, the All-England Club in Wimbledon for tennis, Lord’s Cricket Ground for archery and Horse Guards

Parade for beach volleyball – was also a feature of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

The London 2012 Games included a four-year Cultural Olympiad. It reached a climax with the Olympic Games Opening Ceremony on 27 July 2012, starting a 60day festival of sport and culture across the UK, as the Olympic and Paralympic spirit crosses the world once again.

On the obverse of the medal, the traditional goddess of victory flies into the Panathinaikos stadium bringing victory to the best athlete. For these Games, the figure of victory is accompanied by the specific inscription: “XXX Olympiad London 2012”.

The reverse features an abstract design with the 2012 Games emblem at its center as a metaphor for the modern city. The design also includes a ribbon representing London’s Thames river and an interlocking grid pattern that radiates from the center and pulls the design together, giving it a sense of outreach while

45

also representing the achievements and efforts of Olympic athletes. A square, which encases the balance of the design, opposes the circular shape of the medals and emphasizes its focus on the center, reinforcing the sense of ‘place, as in a map inset.

The record for the total number of participating national Olympic committees—204—that had been established at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games was equaled in London. The London Games featured more than 10,500 athletes who participated in 302 events in 36 sports. The most-notable addition to the London program was women’s boxing, which made its Olympic debut in three weight classes (51 kg [112 pounds], 60 kg [132 pounds], and 75 kg [165 pounds]). The London Games were also the first Olympiad wherein each participating country had at least one female athlete competing.

II.Answer the following questions.

1.When were Olympic games held in London?

2.What city was runner-up?

3.What are the main venues of Olympic Games 2012?

4.How many spectators came to the Olympic Park to enjoy Games every day?

5.How far was the Olympic Village located?

6.What is depicted on the obverse of the Olympic medal?

7.What does the ribbon on the reverse of the medal represent?

8.how many athletes participated in London Olympic Games?

9.What was the most notable addition to the London program?

III.Fıll the text with preposıtıons.

... 2012 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as ... Games of ... XXX Olympiad, will take place in ...United Kingdom of ... Great Britain and ...

Northern Ireland from 27 July to 12 August 2012. ... London will become ... first

IV. Complete the sentences with the following words:

athlete, boycott, bronze, compete, drug testing, event, flag, gold, Greece, host city, silver, stadium, Summer Games, torch, winner, is

a. The gold medal is for the first place. b. The first Olympic Games were organized in ____ more than two thousand years ago. c. A person who is trained in or good at sports is called an ____. d. You can see colorful ____s from many different countries at the Olympic Games. e. The second place medal is ____. f.

The third place medal is ____. g. More than 13,000 athlete’s _____ in

46

competitions at the Olympics. h. The ____ are held every four years, two years after the Winter Games. i. A_____ is a place where hundreds or even thousands of people can sit and watch sport events. j. Sometimes, countries might stay away from or ____ the Olympics for political reasons. k. Swimming _____in an Olympic sport. The 100 meter freestyle is an example of sport. l. Runners carry a fire (a flame) with a ___ to begin the Olympic Games. m. Tokyo was the ____ for the 1964 Summer Games. n. The quickest runner in a race is the ________ . o.

_______ helps prevent the use of illegal drugs that can make people stronger or faster.

V. Translate the text.

Летние олимпийские игры 2012, официальное название которых Игры XXX Олимпиады, а более распространенное название Лондон 2012, — это важнейшее событие мирового спорта, который проводится под руководством Международного Олимпийского Комитета (МОК). Эти Олимпийские игры были проведены в Лондоне (Великобритания), с 27 июля по 12 августа 2012 года. В Играх приняли участие более 10 тыс. атлетов из 204 стран.

На Олимпийских играх было установлено 32 мировых рекорда в 8 видах спорта, из них наибольшее количество рекордов установили в плавании (8).

Большинство рекордов принадлежат спортсменам из Китая (5), Великобритании (5) и США (5). В Соединенных штатах было выиграно наибольшее количество золотых медалей и медалей в целом. Китай занял второе место, а Великобритания – третье. Майкл Фелпс стал обладателем наибольшего количества олимпийских медалей – 22.

Впервые в программу включили женский бокс. В этом виде приняли участие 36 спортсменок в трех весовых категория.

VI. Act a dialogue between two fans using the information below.

The 2012 Summer Paralympics, the 14th Summer Paralympic Games, and also more generally known as the London 2012 Paralympic Games, were a major international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), that took place in London, United Kingdom from 29 August to 9 September 2012. These Paralympics were one of the largest multi-sport events ever held in the United Kingdom after the 2012 Summer Olympics and were the largest Paralympics ever: 4,302 athletes from 164 National Paralympic Committees participated, with fourteen countries appearing in the Paralympics for the first time ever.

The lead-up to these games prominently emphasized the return of the Paralympic movement to its spiritual birthplace: in 1948, the British village of Stoke Mandeville first hosted the Stoke Mandeville Games, an athletics event for disabled British veterans of the Second World War held to coincide with the opening of the Summer Olympics in London. They were the first-ever organized sporting event for disabled athletes and served as a precursor to the modern

47

Paralympic Games. Stoke Mandeville also co-hosted the 1984 Summer Paralympics with Long Island, New York, after its original host, the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, pulled out due to financial issues.

Organizers expected the Games to be the first Paralympics to achieve massmarket appeal, fuelled by continued enthusiasm from the British public following the country's successful performance at the Summer Olympics, awareness of the United Kingdom's role in the history of the Paralympics, public attention surrounding South African sprinter Oscar Pistorius (who had recently become the first double amputee to compete in the Summer Olympics alongside able-bodied athletes), a major marketing campaign instituted by the Games' local broadcaster, and growing media coverage of Paralympic sport. The games ultimately met these expectations, breaking records for ticket sales, heightening the profile of the Paralympics in relation to the Olympics, and prompting IPC president Philip Craven to declare them the "greatest Paralympic Games ever."

A total of 503 events in 20 sports were held during these games; for the first time since their suspension after the 2000 Paralympics, events for the intellectually disabled were also held in selected sports. For the third Summer Paralympics in a row, China won the most medals overall, with a total of 231 (95 of them being gold), followed by Russia and Great Britain.

VII. Convert general questions from Direct into Indirect Speech.

1.He asked me, “Can you give me your pen?”

2.She said, “Has he already come home after lessons?”

3.They asked me, “Are you busy now?”

4.Jane asked, “Did you go to London last year?”

5.Lisa asked, “Will you meet me tomorrow?”

6.I asked her, “Can you give me a new book?”

7.Jill said to her, “Do you agree with their decision?”

8.She asked her, “Has he already received the parcel?”

9.I asked my brother, “Can you help me with Maths?”

10.I asked my cousin, “Did you become a manager eight years ago?”

11.She said, “Is he working on his report?”

12.Jack said, “Did you meet Jane at the party?”

13.Kitty asked him, “Do you like modern music?”

14.We asked her, “Will you come to us tomorrow?”

15.Jane said to Mike, “Have you ever been to any Olympic Games?”

VIII. Convert special questions from Direct into Indirect Speech.

1.He asked his mother, “When can I talk to you?”

2.The fireman asked me, “What is the cause of the fire?”

3.The girl asked, “What would you like to drink?”

4.The policeman asked, “Whom did you see yesterday in this street?”

5.He asked, “Where is the post office?”

6.They asked him, “Where did the old man die?”

48

7.Nick said, “What game is the girl playing now?”

8.Pam asked us, “What will you discuss?”

9.He asked us politely, “How long will you stay here?”

10.“Why do you think he is a fool?”, asked she.

11.“Does this train stop in Leeds?”, she asked.

12.“Where did you buy this shirt?”, the young man asked.

13.“Why don’t we go for a meal?”, my sister asked.

14.“When will you come back?”, she asked me.

15.She asked him,” What sport do your prefer/”

UNIT VIII. OLYMPIC AND PARALYMPIC GAMES

IN THE USA I. Read and translate the text.

The United States has hosted the Olympics eight times throughout the Games’ history — four Summer Games and four Winter Games. In 2028, the Summer Olympics will take place in Los Angeles, making it the ninth time that the U.S. has played host.

1904 Summer Olympics: St. Louis, Missouri

Chicago originally won the bid to host the first Olympics in the United States. However, organizers of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (otherwise known as the St. Louis World’s Fair) in Missouri did not want another international event to occur in the same timeframe. So, the 1904 Olympics were forced to be moved to St. Louis and become part of the World’s Fair.

Various competitions were spread out over 4.5 months, and the 1904 St. Louis Olympics started the now-famous tradition of awarding gold, silver and bronze medals to winners of events. Boxing, freestyle wrestling, decathlon and a dumbbells event all made their debuts at the 1904 Games.

1932 Winter Olympics: Lake Placid, New York

In 1932, the small town of Lake Placid, N.Y., hosted the winter Olympics. More than 350 athletes from 17 countries gathered to compete in a Games officially opened by Franklin D. Roosevelt — the then-governor of New York — on Feb. 4.

The 1932 Lake Placid Olympics was the first time that a victory podium was used at the winter Games. Jack Shea — a speed skater and Lake Placid local — made history by being the first Olympian to be awarded gold on the podium, and by becoming the first athlete to win two gold medals at the same Games.

1932 Summer Olympics: Los Angeles, California

Given that the location was in a relatively remote region of California, and 1932 was the middle of the Great Depression, participation in the Los Angeles Olympics was the lowest since 1904 — only half the number of athletes participated as those who did four years prior.

Despite the low attendance from athletes, a record American crowd gathered live to see the Opening Ceremony in the newly-constructed Los Angeles

49

Memorial Coliseum. The Los Angeles Olympics were also historic for another reason: it was the first time in Olympic history that the Games were cut to just 16 days. Previously, competition had lasted 79 days.

1960 Winter Olympics: Squaw Valley, California

Squaw Valley put forward a bid to the International Olympic Committee in 1955 before the resort even existed. In fact, Alexander Cushing, a lawyer, was the only inhabitant and homeowner in the whole place when it was selected to host the 1960 Olympics.

The 1960 Olympics held a lot of firsts. It was the only Winter Games not to include a bobsleigh competition due to a lack of participation. Additionally, the

Squaw Valley Olympics is where men’s biathlon and women’s speed skating made their debuts. It is also where French skier Jean Vuarnet became the first to win a medal using metal skis instead of wooden ones.

1980 Winter Olympics: Lake Placid, New York

Almost 50 years after Lake Placid’s first time hosting, the Olympics returned in 1980. It was the first Games to utilize snow machines to create artificial snow to ensure the best possible conditions for its events.

American speed skater Eric Heiden became the first person in Olympic history to win five gold medals in individual events at the same Games when he set records in all five speed skating events from 500m all the way up to 10,000m.

1984 Summer Olympics: Los Angeles, California

Los Angeles was the only city to bid, and thus picked, to host the 1984 Summer Olympics. The 1984 Olympics is where rhythmic gymnastics, synchronised swimming, the women’s cycling road race and the women’s marathon all made their Olympic debuts. It is also where the first paraplegic athlete took part in a medal event when archer Neroli Fairhall of New Zealand competed in a wheelchair.

1996 Summer Olympics: Atlanta, Georgia

A dozen years later, the Summer Olympics returned to the United States when Atlanta hosted the 1996 Games. For the first time in the history of the Olympics, all 197 recognized National Olympic Committees participated.

After the cauldron was lit by legendary boxer and activist Muhammad Ali, beach volleyball, mountain biking, lightweight rowing and women’s football, along with the first women-only sport, softball, made their Olympic debuts. Athletes from a record-breaking 79 countries won medals at the Atlanta Olympics, and 53 countries took home gold.

Unfortunately, this historic Games was marked by tragedy when a terrorist bomb exploded in the Centennial Olympic Park, killing two people and injuring 110 more.

2002 Winter Olympics: Salt Lake City, Utah

The most recent Olympics to be held in the United States was in 2002 when Salt Lake City, Utah, hosted the Winter Games.

The Salt Lake City Olympics was a historic one for the Black community. American athlete Vonetta Flowers became the first Black athlete to take home a

50