Английский язык для специалистов в области физической культуры и спорта. Учебно-методическое пособие

Now, the sport has grown to a global scale, including men's and women's teams and the World Cup and European Championship competitions, which is played every four years. Also, there is League of Champions and FIFA Cup competitions which take place every year in Europe. Football originated with kicking games was played by people in ancient times. The modern version came from England. Football was not that popular kind of game until the mid-1900s. It started as a game which involved kicking and handing, but late this branched off into two separate sports: rugby and football, which is what the Americans call soccer. Around the late nineteenth century, English football began spreading over Europe. The United States was one of the last to implement football as a national sport. The Canadian Soccer Association was established in 1912 while the United States Soccer Federation was set up in 1913.The first World Cup Championship was in Montevideo, Uruguay. Since then it has been played every four years except during World War II. The North American Soccer League (NASL) was formed in 1968. But it didn't get popularity until the 1970's. The rules of playing soccer are simple. The referee makes most of the decisions and attempts to encourage fair play. The game starts off with a kickoff and the teams are allowed to pass, dribble, juggle, head, kick and shoot the ball to place it down the field, and (hopefully or eventually) into their opponent's goal.

If the ball is kicked off the field over the length of the field, the other team is given a throw-in, where the ball is thrown over the player's head, and back onto the field. If the ball is kicked over the goal or across the width of the field, either a corner kick results, realizing by the offensive team, where the ball is placed on the corner of the field and kicked into play or the defensive team is awarded a kick, where the ball is placed on the corner of the goal box, and kicked back into play. If a goal is scored, the ball is taken back to the center of the field and the team, scored against, kicks off and keeps playing.

XVIII. Answer the questions.

1.Is football a very popular sport?

2.Is football a game of the Olympics?

3.Where and when games were played similar to football?

4.What competitions played every four years do you know?

5.Where did the modern version of football come from?

6.When did football become a very popular game?

7.Was the United States one of the first nations to implement football as a national sport?

8.Where did the first World Cup Championship take place?

9.How often is the World Cup Championship played?

10.Who is engaged to make decisions and to encourage fair play in football?

XIX. Match the English and Russian equivalents.

XX.Find English equivalents.

1.обеспечивать, выполнять

2.основывать, учреждать

3.поддерживать, поощрять

4.вводить мяч в игру из центра

5.позволять, разрешать

6.вести мяч (в футболе, баскетболе и т. п.)

7.ворота противника

8.выбрасывание, аут

9.угловой удар

10.нападающая команда

11.защищающаяся команда

XXI. Match the English and Russian words.

L. away from the house l. через улицу

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XXIII. Complete the sentences.

1.I like watching football, but unfortunately … .

2.Chelsea has lost the … .

3.What was the score of the…?

4.Who is playing…?

5.How did the Arsenal win their…?

6.I have never seen the American… .

7.Soccer is less dangerous than… .

XXIV. Put the pronouns this or these. Translate the sentences.

1)Jack, … is my teacher. And … are my groupmates.

2)How much are … tickets?

3)I don’t like … kind of sport.

4)Sam, take … suitcases into the car.

5)… competition is very difficult.

6)Is … sit yours? And are … tickets yours too?

XXV. Choose the right form of the verb. Translate the sentences.

1.Everyone ... (know/knows) his surname.

2.Everybody ... (is/are) healthy.

3.Somebody ... (is/are) waiting for you in the hall.

4.Everybody ... (was/were) at the gym on time.

5.(Is/Are) everybody ready for the test?

6.Nobody … (love/loves) him.

7.Everyone … (was/were) so kind to me.

8.(Do/Does) anybody play the football here?

9.Everybody … (need/needs) good health.

10.Somebody … (has/have) left a purse on the shelf.

XXVI. Translate the sentences in Passive Voice.

1.The book in Sport was published last year.

2.The data were obtained experimentally.

3.This theory has been developed quite recently.

4.A more responsible training is needed.

5.Another pair of trainers is required.

6.An important victory in the sport competitions is discussed.

7.We were shown the gym and the tennis court.

8.He was assisted by his coach Mr. Mell in his trainings.

9.We were informed that a new sport club had been opened next to our house.

10.He was asked to participate in the previous basketball competitions.

XXVII. Read the text and make a summary.

Weightlifting is a kind of Olympic sport, which is based on the performance of exercises to raise the bar above your head. Competitions in weightlifting for

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today can include two exercises: a jerk and a push. Weightlifters can have three attempts in each exercise. The combined total of the two most successful attempts determines the overall result in the weight category. Weight categories for men and women are different. The weightlifter, who did not manage to successfully perform at least one jerk and one push, loses and leaves the competition. Competitions to lift weights can be found in the culture of peoples since ancient times. The earliest mention of such contests is related to Ancient Egypt, Ancient China and Ancient Greece. In the modern form, this sport took shape in the middle of the XIX century. The first official competitions started in the 1860s in the US, then in the 1870s they started to be held in Europe. The first international championship was held in 1891 in the UK, and the official world championship was held in 1898 in Vienna. The World Weightlifting Union was formed in 1912. At the same time, the rules of the competition are standardized.

XXVIII. Answer the questions.

1)When were the first official competitions in weightlifting?

2)Where were held first official competitions in weightlifting?

3)How many exercises do competitions in weightlifting include?

4)How many attempts does every athlete in the exercises have?

5)Are the weight categories for men and women different?

6)In which countries did this sport emerge?

7)Which are the strongest countries in weightlifting in the modern world?

8)When was the world weightlifting union formed?

9)When were the competition standards adapted?

XXIX. Match the English and Russian equivalents.

XXX. Сomplete with the following words in the right forms: competition, century, category, form, championship

1.Weight … for men and women are different.

2.In the modern form, this sport took shape in the middle … .

3.The world weightlifting union was … in 1912.

4.The first official ... began in the 1860s in the US

5.The first international … was held in 1891 in the UK

XXXI. Change the sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice.

1.We shall finish the work not later than on Friday. 2. Somebody has invited her to join boxing section. 3. People laughed at her when she said it. 4. I knew that somebody was watching me. 5. Did they give you all the necessary books in

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volleyball? 6. The coach explained a new exercise to the athletes. 7. I showed the documents to the officer. 8. The director dictated a telegram to the secretary. 9. Where will they build the new sport gym? 10. They often refer to Professor

Popov’s articles.

XXXII. Translate the sentences in Passive Voice.

1.Ее послали учиться на факультет физической культуры и спорта два года назад.

2.Нас всегда приглашают на игры по футболу.

3.На прошлой неделе по телевидению показали много спортивных соревнований.

4.Завтра меня вызовут.

5.Об этой спортивной команде много говорили.

6.На выставке нам показали фотографии выдающихся спортсменов.

7.Об этой Олимпиаде много говорят.

8.Эти кроссовки ей передали вчера.

9.Меня часто спрашивают об этой победе.

10.Их пригласят на юбилей университета.

XXXIII. Project suggestion. Make a presentation about the famous British team or sportsman.

The project can be done in individual form or in groups. You can find pictures, photos and other items connected with the country. Also, you can put your texts on a poster and illustrate it with the pictures. Or you can present your project as a brochure. Students write captions for the illustrations.

UNIT V. THE HISTORY OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES

I. Translate the following text from English into Russian. The History of the Olympic Games

Long ago ancient Greeks often waged wars. Small states suffered and lost much even if they did not take any side and stayed out of wars. The ruler of such a small state, Elis, wanted to live in peace with all neighbours. He was a good diplomat because his negotiations were successful, and Elis was recognized a neutral state. To celebrate this achievement, he organized athletic games. In the beginning this feast lasted one day, but later a whole month was devoted to it. All wars and feuds were stopped by special heralds who rode in all directions of Greece. The games were held every four years in Olympia on the territory of Elis. The first games which later were called the Olympic Games were held about a thousand years before our era. Usually the Olympic Games began before the middle of the summer. Best athletes arrived from many Greek states to Olympia to compete in running, long jumps, throwing of discus and javelin and wrestling.

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In the course of time fist fighting (boxing) and chariot races were also included in the Games.

All athletes took an oath that they had been preparing well for the Games and promised to compete honestly and keep the rules of the sacred Olympics. Athletes took part in all kinds of competitions. Winners were called "olympionics", they were awarded olive wreaths and cups of olive oil. This tradition has survived. In our time sportsmen often get cups and wreaths for winning the first place in sports competitions. The olympionics of ancient Greece became very popular. Best craftsmen were chosen to make honorary cups; many poets wrote and recited in public poems about the best athletes. Sculptors made their statues which were put up at the birthplace of the winners. The Olympic Games were accompanied by arts festivals. Only men could take part in the Olympic Games. Women were not allowed even to watch the competitions at the stadium under the fear of death penalty. There was a single exception, when a woman coached her son and accompanied him to the stadium in men's clothes. That brave woman was spared the penalty because her son excelled in many events. Magnificent strong bodies inspired artists and sculptors. They painted wall pictures and made statues of marble and bronze, so now we can admire the corporal beauty of ancient and eternally young discus thrower, javelin bearer and others. The Olympic Games had been held for about eleven hundred years, until the emperor Theodosius banned them for religious reasons in 394 A. D.

The revival of the Olympic Games began long time afterwards, in 1892, when a young French teacher Pierre de Coubertin made a public speech before the Union of French sports clubs in Paris. At that time many people in many countries practiced various kinds of sports and games. They wanted to make friends and compete with sportsmen from other lands. Pierre de Coubertin understood the importance of sports which unified peoples of the world and served the cause of peace like in ancient time. On the 23rd of June 1894, the International Congress of amateur sportsmen made an important decision: to revive the Olympic Games and to establish the International Olympic Committee which would be responsible for the administration of the modern Olympic Games.

The first Committee consisted of 13 members. Now 111 members of the International Olympic Committee control the affairs of all member countries which joined the Olympic movement. The International Olympic Committee is the central policymaking body of the Olympic movement. It is formed by the representatives of all countries which take part in the Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee decides upon the program of the games, the number of the participants and the city-host for the Games. Over one hundred and fifty countries are represented in the International Olympic Committee now. Besides, each country has its National Olympic Committee.

The modern Olympic Games began again in 1896. They take place every four years. They cannot take place in a country which is at war, and during the two world wars there were no Olympic Games. So, except in 1916, 1940 and 1944,

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the Olympic Games have been held every leap year. Women's events started in 1912.

Summer and Winter Olympic Games are held separately, in different countries. Winter Olympic Games first took place in 1924. At the Winter Games many teams from different countries take part in competitions in figure-skating, skiing, hockey and other winter sports.

Since 1936 the opening ceremony has been celebrated by lightning a flame which is called "Olympic Flame". The 22-nd Summer Olympic Games were held in Russia, Moscow in 1980. It was for the first time that the Olympic Games were held in our country.

There are always several cities wishing to host the Games. The most suitable is selected by the International Committee. After that the city of the Games starts preparations for the competitions, constructs new sports facilities, stadiums, hotels, press centers. Thousands of athletes, journalists and guests come to the Games, and it takes great efforts to arrange everything. There is always an interesting cultural program of concerts, exhibitions, festivals, etc., for each Games.

Vocabulary:

1.to wage wars –вести войны

2.ruler - правитель

3.feast - праздник

4.herald - гонец, посланник

5.javelin - копье

6.wreath - венок

7.chariot races – бега

8.sacred - священный

9.to be spared the penalty – быть избавленным от наказания

II. Answer the following questions:

1.What did ancient Greeks do long ago?

2.What did the ruler of a small state want to do?

3.Why did the ruler organize athletic games?

4.How long did the first feast last?

5.When did the Olympic Games begin?

6.How were the winners called?

7.What were the Olympic Games accompanied by?

8.Who was not allowed to take part in the Olympic Games?

9.When did the revival of the Olympic Games begin?

10.When was the International Olympic Committee established?

11.What is the International Olympic Committee responsible for?

12.Why weren’t the Olympic Games held in 1916, 1940 and 1944?

13.When did the women’s event start?

14.Summer and Winter Olympic Games are held separately, in different countries, aren’t they?

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15.How has the opening ceremony celebrated since 1936?

16.What Olympic Games were held in Russia?

III. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and word

combinations.

Ancient Greeks; to suffer; ruler; to live in peace; a neutral state; feast; to compete; in the course of time; to take an oath; to be awarded; to survive; craftsmen; to be allowed; to excel, to inspire artists and sculptures; to admire; revival; importance; amateur sportsmen; to be responsible for; representatives; to be held separately; to celebrate; to host the Games; tourist destination; to approve; new venues.

IV. Give English equivalents for the following words and word combinations.

вести войны; жить в мире с соседями; переговоры; до нашей эры; борьба; принимать участие во всех видах соревнований; получать кубки и венки; сопровождаться; под страхом смерти; статуи из мрамора и бронзы; запрещать; объединять народы; количество участников; происходить; високосный год; самый подходящий; спортивные сооружения; принимать олимпийские игры

V. Join the parts to make a sentence.

1.The ruler of such a small state, Elis,

2.In the beginning this feast lasted one day,

3.Best athletes arrived from many Greek states

4.In our time sportsmen often get cups and wreaths

5.Women were not allowed even to watch the competitions at the stadium

6.The Olympic Games had been held for about eleven hundred years,

7.Pierre de Coubertin understood the importance of sports

8.The International Olympic Committee decides upon

9.At the Winter Games many teams from different countries

10.Thousands of athletes, journalists and guests come to the Games

a.for winning the first place in sports competitions

b.and it takes great efforts to arrange everything

c.which unified peoples of the world and served the cause of peace like in ancient time.

d.wanted to live in peace with all neighbours

e.the programme of the games, the number of the participants and the city-host for the Games

f.but later a whole month was devoted to it

g.under the fear of death penalty

h.take part in competitions in figure-skating, skiing, hockey and other winter sports

i.until the emperor Theodosius banned them for religious reasons in 394 A. D.

j.to Olympia to compete in running, long jumps, throwing of discus and javelin and wrestling

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VI. Some sentences have mistakes. Find and correct these sentences.

1.Long ago ancient Greeks often waged wars.

2.The games were held every five years in Olympia on the territory of Elis.

3.All athletes took an oath that they had been preparing badly for the Games and promised to compete honestly and not keep the rules of the sacred Olympics.

4.Both men and women could take part in the Olympic Games.

5.The revival of the Olympic Games began long time afterwards, in 1893, when a young French teacher Pierre de Coubertin made a public speech.

6.On the 23rd of June 1894 the International Congress of amateur sportsmen made an important decision: to revive the Olympic Games and to establish the National Olympic Committee of France.

7.The first International Olympic Committee consisted of 11 members.

8.The modern Olympic Games began again in 1894.

9.Summer and Winter Olympic Games are held separately, but in the same country.

10.Since 1963 the opening ceremony has been celebrated by lightning a flame which is called "Olympic Flame".

UNIT VI. OLYMPIC AND PARALYMPIC GAMES IN RUSSIA

I. Read and translate the text.

Moscow-80: The model Olympic Games

In 1980, Moscow became the first Eastern Bloc capital to host the Olympic Games. That historic decision was taken on October 23, 1974, at the 75th session of the International Olympic Committee in Vienna. Before the final voting, the runner-ups were Los Angeles and Moscow. In the end, the Soviet capital won with 39 votes against 20.

From that moment, the country began large-scale preparations for its first ever Olympics and for the first in the history of the USSR Olympic torch relay. The torch started on June 21 in Athens, and ran through Communist Bloc countries via Sofia, Bucharest, Chisinau, Kiev, Kharkov, culminating in Moscow.

The USSR had just five years to prepare for the 1980 Olympics and during that time, the organizers managed to do the impossible. In a matter of several years, more than 90 Olympic facilities were built, including the Olimpiysky sports center, a rowing canal and velodrome in Krylatskoye, Sheremetyevo-2 airport, the Cosmos hotel, the Olympic village, a new building at the Ostankino TV center, and the Olympics press center, which now houses the RIA Novosti news agency.

In addition, the Izmaylovo hotel complex was built, which was in the Guinness Book of Records as Europe's biggest hotel with a capacity to house 10,000 guests. Also, the country's largest stadium Luzhniki was built. The Moscow underground, too, was given a facelift for the Olympics. To foreign visitors it seemed like a real museum, beautiful and grand. Its impressive looks were supplemented with fast escalators and electronic clocks showing the exact time to the second.

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Most of the facilities built for the 1980 Olympics continue to be effectively used up to this day, thus proving the thesis that the legacy of the Games serves the people for years after the original event.

By the way, the symbol of the Moscow Olympics, Misha the bear, is still considered to be one of the best sports mascots in the history of the Games in terms of the emotional impact and memories it left.

For the people of the Soviet Union, the Olympic Games became the main sporting event of their lifetime, presenting them with an opportunity to become part of Olympic history, to showcase their country's culture for the rest of the world to see.

II.Answer the following questions.

1.When and where was the decision to host Games in Moscow taken?

2.What city was the rival of Moscow?

3.How many years did the USSR have to prepare for the Olympic Games?

4.What facilities were built for the 1980 Olympics?

5.Why was the Izmaylovo hotel complex add to the Guinness Book of Records?

6.Do most of the facilities built for the 1980 Olympics continue to be effectively used up to this day?

7.What was the symbol of the Moscow Olympic Games?

III.Give Russian equivalents for the following words and word combinations.

to host the Olympic Games; session of the International Olympic Committee; large-scale preparations; Olympic facilities; capacity to house; facelift; beautiful and grand; impressive looks; symbol; memories; lifetime; country's culture; the rest of the world

IV. Give English equivalents for the following words and word combinations ad use them in the sentences of your own.

Историческое решение; окончательное голосование; соискатель; эстафета олимпийского огня; совершить невозможное; гребной канал; метро; точное время; сооружения; Эффективно использоваться; доказывать; наследие Игр; служить народу; талисман; эмоциональное воздействие; спортивное событие; возможность.

V. Read and translate the text.

Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi

The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Sochi 2014, was an international winter multisport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai,

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