Английский язык для механико-технологического факультета. Мехатроника и робототехника. English for mechanical engineering faculty. Mechatronics and ro

Mohan is not the right person to call for this job.

She is not a girl to leave.

14. Translate from English into Russian. Pay attention to infinitives as adjectives.

1.A Japanese engineer was the first to give the definition of the word “mechatronics”.

2.The mechanical part to be determined in any mechatronic system usually dominates this system.

3.Electronics is a general term to be applied to the combination of microelectronics, power electronics, sensors and actuators.

4.Software is a set of programs to be put into a computer for performing particular tasks.

5.A computer is an electronic machine that has an ability to store information and to do things with it according to a definite program.

6.Mechatronics is a discipline to have wide prospects in future.

MODAL VERBS

Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты

К модальным глаголам относятся глаголы can, may, must, ought to, should .Модальные глаголы не имеют формы инфинитива, т. е. перед ними не употребляется частица to. Смысловые глаголы употребляются после модальных глаголов без частицы to (Исключение ought to)

I can speak English. (Я могу говорить по-английски.)

1. Вопросительная форма образуется передвижением модального глагола на первое место в предложении: Must you go to the University tomorrow? (You must go to the University tomorrow.)

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В отрицательном предложении после модального глагола упот-

ребляется частица not (cannot, must not, should not): She cannot give you her text-book.

Глаголы can, may имеют формы настоящего и прошедшего времени: can (could), may (might).

Глагол must имеет только одну форму. Чтобы отнести его к прошедшему или будущему времени нужно использовать его эквиваленты: to be to, to have to

ЗНАЧЕНИЯ МОДАЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ

Изучите употребление модальных глаголов в сочетании с Perfect Infinitive.

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15. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.

1.Heavy graders are used when large volumes of soil have to be handled.

2.The device can provide great opportunities.

3.Scrapers should be used on moderate wet sandy soils.

4.It must be understood that engine requirements differ considerably.

5.Such substances may cause cancer.

6.Hazardous consequences should be vastly lowered.

7.Global warming may result in profound shifts of climate.

8.The material may be discharged with the help of various devices.

9.The results of the experiment can be easily calculated.

10.Consumers should ask about the contents of dangerous substances.

11.The cost of the production could be cut more than 50%.

12.The share arm can be raised with a disk knife.

13.Depending on the style, the resistor may be encapsulated in lacquer, high temperature cement or by molding.

14.Infectious diseases can spread very fast.

15.Ethanol can be fatal if ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin.

16.Study the table showing the use of modals with Perfect Infinitive. Translate the sentences.

1.We do not believe scientists could have achieved such progress.

2.The researchers may not have known about those data.

3.The explosion must have occurred long ago.

4.The assistant might have made a mistake.

5.We figured that they must have obtained new results of the experiment.

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6.Safety engineering should have done it previously.

7.Some problems of science could not have been solved without isotopes.

8.The goods are reported to have been delivered.

9.The research must have been performed according to the safety instructions.

10.He must have found out about the conference beforehand.

11.The influence of temperatures on these substances should have been studied long ago.

12.No living beings could have survived in such climate.

13.Carbon steels must have been used in the construction of this building.

14.Life may have been existed on that planet.

15.A lot of practical difficulties must have been encountered in the implementation of this idea.

16.The research on nickel alloys may have been done last term.

17.The explanation cannot have been adequate under the circumstances.

18.The experiment should have been performed beforehand.

19.They must have arrived at these principles through observation and experiment.

20.I could have gone to the conference but I lost my invitation.

21.The delegation must have missed their flight.

17. Translate into Russian.

1.may be changed –

2.can be integrated –

3.must be called –

4.can’t be given –

5.may be acted upon –

6.can be expressed –

7.must be tested –

8.cannot be used –

WRITING

HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARY

A summary is a brief statement or account of the main points of a piece of writing. A summary is not a rewrite of the original text and does not have to be long. Your purpose in writing the summary is to give the basic ideas of

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the original reading. What was it about and what did the author want to communicate?

1.Identify the type of work (text, article), title, author, and main

point.

In the text (article) “…” the author presents (shows, describes ...) his opinion on the hot topic of living in a technological society.

The text “…” deals with the problem of ... (discusses some problems relating to ..., provides information on ...).

2.Write in the present tense.

At the beginning of the text / article the author characterizes...

(comments on ..., explains ..., analyses ...).

Attention is drawn to the fact that ... . It should be noted that ... .

3.Don't forget to include linking words so your reader can easily follow your thoughts.

Next / Further / Then it is reported / shown that ....

4.Don't copy the article. Instead, paraphrase.

Besides the author explains that ..., gives a detailed analysis of ... (the description of ...). Finally the author comes to the conclusion that ... .

In conclusion ... . At the end of the text / article the author describes ..., emphasizes that ..., points out that …, summarizes that ... .

5. Don't put your own opinions, ideas, or interpretations into the summary.

Your summary should have between 100 and 120 words.

18. Write the summary of the text EVOLUTION OF MECHATRONIC SYSTEM. Present your summary to your group mates.

SPEAKING

19. Study the table below. Get prepared to speak about historical development of Mechanical, Electrical, and Electronic Systems.

Use the information about speechwriting.

ESSENTIAL GUIDELINES TO WRITING A GOOD SPEECH

Good speechwriting is, in essence, an ability to capture and keep an audience’s attention.

A keen awareness of how to tailor your rhetoric to a given issue and your audience is key to effective communication. Even a short speech can benefit from a few essential guidelines:

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1.Know your goal. What type of speech is it? Whether it’s a graduation speech, a campaign speech, or a wedding toast, any good speechwriter first identifies the main message or purpose of the speech. What do you want the takeaway for your audience members to be? How does it serve the larger event or gathering? Are you looking to inspire people, or convince them of a point of view? Is it merely informative? (Knowing this upfront will help you craft a stronger ending as well.)

2.Know your audience. Are you speaking to fellow experts at a conference, or a room full of kids? It can be helpful to imagine your ideal audience member: Someone who is excited about the subject matter and curious about what you have to say. What will you need to include to satisfy them?

3.Know how much time you have. Time constraints will determine how direct or in-depth your speech should be. What you decide to focus on when you have five minutes will be very different if you have 50.

How to Write a Speech in 5 Steps 1. Make an Outline.

Writing a speech outline will help surface key points. This doesn’t need to be overly complicated. Most speeches contain three main sections. The intro, which might feature personal stories that illustrate the subject or problem you’re addressing; the body of your speech, where the nitty-gritty details and bulk of your message lives; and the conclusion, which might be a call to action or summary to drive home your takeaway.

2. Write Your First Draft.

Once you have an outline, it’s time to expand it. In your writing process, remember the ideal audience member you imagined: How would you explain the problem or subject directly to them? As with any first draft, try to just let words and thoughts flow freely. You can begin to pare it back once you begin to edit.

3. Edit for an Effective Speech.

The editing process here is about sifting your strongest points to the surface and making sure you’ve adequately captured what an audience needs in order to understand or stay with you. Are there insider references that will go over their heads, or not enough relatable anecdotes? Remove

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any jargon you find and try to describe what you mean using familiar language. Similarly, look for unnecessarily flashy words, and see if you can find a more colloquial substitute. And remember: short sentences are best.

4. Read Your Speech out Loud.

Do you sound like a person or a very smart robot? Are you losing breath on some sentences that could be broken up? Try different techniques for punctuating main points: Would a thoughtful pause do the trick? Or does the moment call for a build-up of explosive, emphatic volume? The main goal here is to make sure you’ve got the right tone and that the logic of your speech flows correctly. Do you have smooth transitions taking you from one thought to the next? Do they make sense? Where can your sentences be even shorter and more to-the-point?

5. Practice in Front of a Mirror.

Writing a great speech is as much about masterful wordsmithing as it is public speaking skills. As public speaking tips go, body language is one of the best ways to make sure your message lands. If you look nervous, tense, or unsure, your audience begins to feel the same way; practicing until you project confidence and ease in front of a crowd will allow your audience to relax and hear what you have to say. Gestures, movement, looking out into the crowd, and the way you stand can all be effective uses of body language.

TABLE 1 Historical Development of Mechanical, Electrical, and

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20. Get prepared to speak about mechatronics as a synergistic integration of different disciplines. Use the table below.

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