Английский язык (Пищевые машины и технологическое оборудование). Учебное пособие

This feature enables the users to save on shipping costs as well as the number of car requirements and car shuffling.

Because the unit is designed to operate in accordance with natural flow patterns, the RMS horsepower consumed per car is only 2. The unit operates quietly and does not damage the rail cars during either unloading or densifying operations.

The trackside discharger is considered to bе ideal for handling food products such as grain, salt, sugar and other hard-to-move- vertically bulk solid from bottom discharge rail cars. – Kinergy Corp., Lomisville, KY.

When the discharger's linear actuators are extended against the side of the rail car and the unit is actuated, it turns the car into a huge, self-contained vibrator, resulting in rapid discharge of its contents.

I. Закончите предложения предлагаемыми вариантами:

II. Какие из следующих предложений выражают в сжатой форме основное содержание текста.

1)Разгрузчик железнодорожных вагонов — это вибрирующее устройство для разгрузки железнодорожных вагонов.

2)Погрузчик имеет дизель-мотор, работающий на разном топливе.

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3)Удобно располагаемый вдоль путей, этот разгрузчик дает возможность подкатить вагон к разгрузчику вместо того, чтобы транспортировать его к вагону.

4)Устройство устраняет избыточный шум при разгрузке.

5)Устройство является идеальным для работы с пищевыми сыпучими материалами, такими, как сахар, мука, зерно.

III.Расположите пункты плана к тексту в правильном

порядке.

1)The unit's structure.

2)Application of the system.

3)Good qualities of the rail-car unloader.

4)How it works.

IV. Короткоперескажитетекст, используяплан упражненияIII. TEXT В

Прочитайте текст, стараясь понять основное содержание. Найдитепредложения, служащиеответами на следующиевопросы:

1.Для чего служит устройство, о котором идет речь?

2.Какие виды автопогрузчика здесь описаны?

3.Какой двигатель имеет автопогрузчик?

Engine-Powered Industrial Lift Trucks

A new line of engine-powered industrial lift trucks has been designed to meet the broadest possible spectrum of material handling applications in the 4,000 to 6,000 1b. capacity range (подъемная мощность диапазона ... фунтов). The line is installed to complete with foreign imports and built for durable, productive operation.

The line is composed of two families of three trucks each. One family is equipped with solid rubber, cushion tires (шины из твердой резины) for indoor or outdoor applications where a smooth ride over rough surfaces is required.

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Features available only on SA (special application) models include a 1404 gas engine, a dual-element, air filter; oil-cooled disc brakes), fabric-covered operator's seat; and a unique, electronic system that continually monitors critical machine functions and incorporates a programmable service reminder. The engine for lift trucks is exported from the United States, Prance and England; brakes from Germany and Korea; hydraulic control valves from the U.S.; and starter motors from Japan.

The 4,000, 5,000 and 6,000 lb. capacity models offer a choice of fuel-efficient 2.0-liter gasoline or 2.5-liter diesel engines. Standard features include a high visibility mast, tilt steering column, convenient hydraulic levers and power steering. O-ring seal fittings located in hydraulic connections at both the control valve and lift cylinders, assure a tight fit to meet high pressure hydraulic needs.

I. Прочитайте следующие предложения и определите, какие из них соответствуют содержанию текста.

1.Автопогрузчик используется для выполнения транспортировочных работ широкого диапазона.

2.Автопогрузчик работает на дизельном моторе с использованием газового топлива.

3.Фирма выпускает 2 вида автопогрузчиков: автопогрузчик на твердых резиновых шинах и автопогрузчик на пневмошинах.

4.Устройство используется только для работы в помещении.

программа на ряд операций.

II. Используя отобранные предложения из упражнения I в качестве ключевых, расскажите об устройстве и работе автопогрузчика.

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TEXT С

Прочитайте текст со словарем. Найдите предложения, где говорится об устройстве ковшового транспортера, и его преимуществах.

Bucket Conveyor

The conveyor system is used to transport the coated fried chick-

en pieces from the fryer to the freezer on each of three processing lines.

The conveying problem is to transport the fried chicken pieces to a freezer that is, in effect, one floor above the fryer. This configuration was chosen for the freezers in order to be able to locate the utilities and services associated with the freezer at the ground level, where they would be readily accessible for service and maintenance operations. Also, the pieces had to be conveyed with minimal jostling, so as

dusted before passing through the fryer. From the fryer they are deposited into the lower row of moving buckets on the horizontal section

of the conveyor loop, rather than the top row, which is usually the case. This reduces the drop from the fryer conveyor to the bucket conveyor to a few inches. After filling, the bucket conveyor makes a vertical right-angle turn and travels upward twelve feet to the freezer level. A tripping device (опрокидыватель или расцепляющее приспо-

собление) tips the buckets so that they empty into a chute leading to the conveyor that feeds the freezer. Again, the equipment is designed and laid out so that the drop is only a few inches.

As part of its delicate product handling features, the Simplex uses no scooping or digging action (ковыряющие или черпающие движения) that would damage the product it also eliminates the need

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for multiple conveyor systems and extra transfer points, thus reducing the chance of product degradation.

Since it conveys horizontally and vertically, it eliminates the need for inclined belt conveyors that use up much of the valuable floor space in a plant. With building and energy costs increasing, this saving can be significant.

By using only one bucket conveyor instead of a combination of belt conveyors, only one drive is needed, as compared to 3 or 4 when belt conveyors are used for the same application. This offers an energy saving to the user in that the power required by the single drive of the Simplex is usually small when compared to that required by a multiple belt system. In some applications, the horsepower requirement may be cut by as much as half or two-thirds.

These units are not mass-produced elevators that may or may not fit together during field assembly. Each Simplex is custom-built, assembled to the maximum extent (собранв максимальных пределах возможного) and shop tested before shipment.

I. Какие из данных предложений служат ответами на следующие вопросы.

1)What is the conveying problem?

(a)The conveying problem is to transport different food products

(b)The problem is to reduce energy saving.

(c)The problem is to transport fried chicken pieces to a freezer

2)Where is the freezer situated? Is it far from the fryer?

(a)It is just near the fryer en the second floor.

(b)It is one floor above the fryer on the ground floor.

(c)It is three floors under the fryer on the ground floor.

3)How many bucket conveyors are used instead of combination of

belt conveyors?

(a)Only one bucket conveyor.

(b)2 buckets conveyors.

(c)3 buckets conveyors.

4)Are the horsepower requirements cut by using Simplex conveying bucket elevator? How much are they cut?

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(a)They are not cut.

(b)They are cut 3 times.

(c)They are cut as much as half or two-thirds. II. Закончите следующие фразы:

1)Simplex Conveying bucket elevator consists of...

(a)endless chains and buckets tripping device and a chute;

(b)belts and a trough;

(c)chains and prockets.

2)From the fryer fried pieces are deposited to...

(a)a chute;

(b)the lower row of moving buckets on the horizontal section

of the conveyor;

(c)the belt conveyor.

3)The conveyor moves...

(a)horizontally and vertically;

(b)only horizontally;

(c)gently without noise.

UNIT VII.

HEAT POWER ENGINEERING

I.Грамматика

1.Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice).

2.Причастие настоящего времени (Participle l), причастие про-

шедшего времени (Participle II).

3.Инфинитив (Infinitive).

II.Тексты

A.Main concepts of heat engineering

B.Conventional power plants.

C.Alternative power sources.

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Активная лексика

measure – мера, измерение; a thermocouple - термопара; motion – движение; resistance - сопротивление; current – ток;

voltage – напряжение;

superheated vapour - перегретый пар; saturated vapour – насыщенный пар; severe problems - серьезные проблемы; splitting – расщепление, разделение; fission – деление;

to release – выпускать, выделять, освобождать; non-renewable – невозобновляемый;

photo-voltaic process – фотоэлектрический процесс; to capture – захватывать, улавливать;

impact – влияние, эффект;

carbon neutral – углеродно-нейтральный.

Синонимы

Steam – vapour

Impact – affect - influence

Splitting - fission

Упражнения

I. К следующим английским словам и выражениям подберите русские эквиваленты из правого столбца:

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TEXT A

Прочитайте текст со словарем и переведите его, обращая внимание на перевод причастий настоящего и прошедшего времени и глаголов в страдательном залоге.

Main concepts of heat engineering

What is heat?

Heat is a form of energy and is due to the motion of the molecules of which all substances are composed. The effect of adding heat to a substance is simply to increase the speed at which its molecules move, and thereby their energy.

What is cold?

Cold is a rather vague term used to denote a comparative lack

of heat.

What is temperature?

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Temperature is a measure of the intensity of heat in a substance and of its ability to pass its heat into anything at a lower temperature than itself.

How is temperature measured?

It is done by taking advantage of one of two facts: firstly, that the electrical resistance at the junction of two different metals (a thermocouple) varies according to the temperature, and secondly that the volume of a body varies with its temperature. In the first case a constant voltage is applied to the junction of the two metals, and the resulting current is measured with an ammeter calibrated in degrees of temperature; as the temperature at the junction varies, so will the current flowing and therefore the indicating hand on the dial of the instrument. The distance between the thermocouple and the indicator is immaterial, and this form of measurement is very suited to remote temperature reading.

Vapour pressure

Every liquid produces a vapour as the molecules near its surface free themselves from the attraction of their neighbours and fly off into space. This vapour exerts pressure on any containing vessel and the amount of pressure exerted by the vapour of any particular liquid depends solely on the temperature of the liquid surface; the higher the temperature, the greater the pressure. For any liquid a graph can be drawn showing the relationship between this vapour pressure and the temperature of the liquid surface.

How can gas be liquefied?

When heat is removed from a gas its temperature is lowered until it reaches a value corresponding to the pressure after which further removal of heat liquefies the gas. Alternatively, an increase in pressure combined with removal of heat makes it possible to liquefy the gas without reducing its temperature.

What is superheated vapour?

It is vapour removed from contact with its liquid and at a temperature higher than that which corresponds to its pressure as indicated by the temperature-pressure-vapour relationship for that particular substance.

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What is saturated vapour?

It is vapour whose temperature and pressure are in accordance with the temperature-vapour-pressure relationship for the particular substance. Vapour in contact with its liquid is saturated.

I. Найдите в следующих предложениях инфинитив и определите его функцию.

1. The effect of adding heat to a substance is simply to increase the speed at which its molecules move, and thereby their energy.

2.Cold is a rather vague term used to denote a comparative lack of heat.

3.Temperature is a measure of the intensity of heat in a substance and of its ability to pass its heat into anything at a lower tem-

perature than itself.

4. To liquify gas means to remove heat from it.

II. Определите, являются ли следующие утверждения истинными (True) или ложными (False)

1. An increase in pressure combined with removal of heat makes it impossible to liquefy the gas without reducing its temperature.

2.All liquids produce vapour.

3.Cold isa definitetermusedto denotea comparative lack of heat.

4.The effect of adding heat to a substance is simply to increase the speed at which its molecules move.

5.Saturated vapour is one, which is in contact with its liquid.

6. Temperature is measured by taking advantage of two of four facts.

III.Дайте определения основных понятий теплотехники:

-тепло;

-холод;

-температура;

-перегретый пар;

-насыщенный пар.

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