Английский язык (Пищевые машины и технологическое оборудование). Учебное пособие

My Future Speciality

I study at the faculty of Food Machines and Equipment at the Voronezh state university of engineering technologies. My future speciality is а mechanical engineer at a food enterprise (a power engineer at a power plant). I consider this speciality to be one of the most interesting at our

university. The students of our faculty study many different subjects such as: mathematics, economics, theoretical mechanics, elements of machines, heat power engineering, and others. To become qualified specialists, we must know all the latest achievements in science and engineering.

There are a lot of employment opportunities in my field, and I don’t worry about finding a job. After graduating from the university,

I am going to work at a food enterprise (at a power plant). But may be I will work in trade or in my own business. Some of the graduates of our university work at research institutes or at experimental offices, some happen to become directors or managers of big enterprises. Some of our graduates are known to be engaged in business, working in joint-stock companies, some have limited partnerships. Of course, it’s very difficult to choose our road in life and to find a good job due to many reasons, but

I hope for the best.

There are many technological universities in our country. They are studying the most important problems of the food industry such as freezing of food products, dehydration, modeling of technological processes, packaging, canning and so on. The food industry is an important branch.

The scientists of our university work in different fields of knowledge. They develop new technologies of food manufacturing, they investigate different problems of food engineering, economics and ecology. Some of the students take part in this research through the Students Scientific societies.

Those students who are interested in research and are successful in their studies have opportunities to be trained abroad (usually they have a term training). The administration of our university has established contacts with educational institutions of China, Germany, Italy, the USA etc.

Some graduates take postgraduate course upon graduating from the university.

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I.Дайте ответы на вопросы.

1.What faculty do you study at?

2.What are you going to be?

3.What is your aim?

4.Where do you dream to work?

5.What general and special subjects do you study?

6.How many exams do you take each term?

7.What exams are you afraid most of all?

8.Is it important for you what mark you get at the exam?

9.When will you graduate from the university?

10.What are the subjects you pay most attention to?

11.What perspectives will you have after graduating from the university?

12.Name the problems being studied at technological universities of our country.

13.How can students interested in research continue their education?

14.Do you consider knowing a foreign language to be necessary for you as a future engineer?

15.Would you like to study abroad?

II.Перескажите текст, используя вопросы упражнения I, как план пересказа.

TEXT C

Прочитайте текст, пользуясь словарем, укажите номера абзацев, служащих ответами на следующие вопросы.

1.How can we classify the whole technological equipment of the food industry?

2.How many branches of food industry can you name?

3.What do you know about the machines in the food manufacture?

4.What can you tell about the organization of the modern food Industry?

5.What does multiple-line production include?

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Food Engineering

1. The organization of the modern food industry was proceeded by a long path of development of science and engineering knowledge relating to processing of the raw vegetable material and animal produce foodstuffs and feeds.

2. The machines, apparatus and automated equipment included

into the list of modern technological equipment used in all 30 branches of the modern food industry, number about 2500 items.

3. Thousands of years elapsed before it was possible to pass from primitive tools to the modern large mechanized, electrified enterprises equipped in a large stock of devices, apparatus and automatic machines for the production of different foodstuffs and feeds.

4.The whole technological equipment of the food industry can be classified into 18 groups on the functional basis treated from the point of view of material treatment, and design of the apparatus.

5.Almost all of these groups of machines have been specially designed for the food industry in plants producing equipment for this

industry.

6. At present we distinguish about40 different branches of the food industry incorporating storage and processing of different kinds of agricultural raw material.

7. A common feature of the above-mentioned branches of the food industry and particularly of enterprises with small capacity, is the insufficient degree of hard work mechanization and automation of technological processes.

8. There are different kinds of enterprises. Most food industry enterprises belong to mass production factories, pants. At such enterprises the machines and apparatuses are arranged so to provide a continuous production flow. Such production is usually built on the principle of either one or several continuous production lines.

9. Multiple-line production includes a main production line and an auxiliary line. The material is proceeded on the main line. The auxiliary line takes care of such operations as finishing, batching and packing of the finished product.

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10.The stock to be processed is conveyed from machine to machined by material handling facilities. To know various machines, one has to study their design principles and applications.

11.The machines employed in food manufacture usually in-

clude feed mechanisms, drive and working organs. Feed mechanism serves to feed the raw material into the machine, the drive mechanism actuates the working organs which do the processing.

I. Переведите письменно абзацы 2, 3, 5, 7, 10.

II. Расскажите по-русски o развитии отрасли.

III. Составьте план текста и, пользуясь им, изложите основное содержание прочитанного.

UNIT II.

A JOB OF A MECHANICAL ENGINEER

I.Грамматика

1.Действительный залог глагола (повторение).

2.Неличные формы глагола.

II. Тексты

A.Mechanical engineering.

B.Mechanical engineers.

С. Mechanical engineer and engineering technologist: what’s the difference.

Активная лексика

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Упражнения

I.Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1.Mechanical engineering has been recognized as a separate branch of engineering in 1910/1847/1899.

2.Mechanical engineering deals with the constructionma-of chines/water supply.

3.Among these machines are prime movers such ascomputers and printing machines/engines and turbines.

4.In fact, mechanical engineering enters, into the work of all engineers whose machines areto be destroyed/to be developedfor the

processes of specialists of the other branches of engineering.

5. The development ofthermodynamics/textile machinery was called mechanical engineering as well.

II.Выберите правильный перевод словосочетаний.

1)pumping machinery:

a) насосная машина, b) насосный механизм, c) помпа; 2) operating media:

a) средства управления, b) операционная система, c) средства связи; 3) hydraulic apparatus:

a) гидравлический прибор, b) гидравлическая система, c) станция водозаборная;

4) automotive engineering:

a) автоматическая система, b) автомобиль инженера, c) автостроение;

5) extent of the activity:

a) активный процесс, b) степень активности, c) мера веса;

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6) materials handling:

a) изготовление материалов, b) транспортирование материалов,

c)использование материалов.

III. Прочитайте слова, переведите их. Если требуется, воспользуйтесь словарем.

pumping machinery, diversity interest, allied subjects, research,

hydraulic apparatus, refrigerating equipment, automotive engineering, harbor, fuel.

TEXT A

Прочитайте и переведите текст, используя упражнение III.

Mechanical engineering

Mechanical engineering has been recognized as a separate branch of engineering since the formation of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers of Great Britain in 1847. The development of the textile machinery, steam engines, machine-tools, pumping machinery, turbines and locomotives of that time made such a diversity interest for civilian engineers that these and allied subjects were called mechanical engineering. Mechanical engineering deals with the design, construction and operation of machines and devices of all kinds, and with research and sciences upon which these depend. Among these machines are prime movers such as engines and turbines using air, gas, steam and water as operating media; pumping machines and other hydraulic apparatus; steam boilers, heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigerating equipment, transportation structures used in aviation; automotive engineering, railroads and ships, machine-tools, special machines for industry and for construction of buildings, railroads and harbors.

In fact, mechanical engineering enters into the work of all engineers whose machines are to be developed for the processes of specialists of the other branches of engineering. To understand better the extent of the activities and interests of mechanical engineers, the following lists of the professional divisions and technical committees of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) are given:

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Professional divisions; applied mechanics, aviation, fuel, graphic arts (printing), heat transfer, hydraulics, industrial instruments and regulators, management, materials handling, metals engineering, oil and gas power, process industries, production engineering, railroad, rubber and plastics, textiles, wood industries.

I. Составьте план текста. 1.__________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________

3.__________________________________________________

II. Составьте словосочетания из предложенных слов, а затем предложения с получившимися словосочетаниями.

wood, mechanics, steam, industrial, branch, refrigerating, activities, locomotives, construction

1. ……………… of engineering 2. turbines and ……………… 3.

……………… boilers 4. ……………… equipment 5. ………………

III. Верны ли следующие утверждения? Используйте информацию из текста. (True or False)

1.Civil engineering has been recognized as a separate branch of engineering in 1847. _________

2.Mechanical engineering deals with the design, construction and of different machines. ________

3.Among these machines are transportation structures used in avi-

ation, machines for industry. ________

4.In fact, mechanical engineering enters into the work of mechanical engineers only. ________

5.The development of the steam engines, machine-tools, turbines and locomotives of that time made such a diversity interest for civilian en-

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gineers that these and allied subjects were called chemical engineering. _______

IV. Сделайте краткое сообщение по теме «Mechanical Engineering», пользуясь информацией из упражнений I-III.

V. Представьте, что один из вас – инженер-механик, а второй – студент, который хочет узнать о своей профессии как можно больше. Разыграйте диалог, используя приведенную в таблице информацию.

VI. Пользуясь материалом предыдущих упражнений, напишите краткую статью в местную газету. Выберите один из следующих заголовков.

a) I want to become a mechanical engineer.

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b) Mechanical engineering is the most important branch of engineering.

VII. Используйте слова и фразы, данные ниже, чтобы составить предложения.

mechanical engineering, textile machinery, steam engines, machinetools, turbine, steam boilers, air conditioning and refrigerating equipment, transportation structures used in aviation, machine-tools, special machines, railroads, applied mechanics, heat transfer, hydraulics, industrial instruments, materials handling, oil and gas power, production engineering, rubber and plastics, wood industries.

VIII. Прочитайте следующее утверждение и ответьте на вопросы.

Mechanical engineers are at the core of production. Without them production would be impossible.

1. Do you agree with this statement? 2. Do you think that the work of mechanical engineers is really important? Why?

TEXT B

Прочитайте текст, стараясь понять содержание. Выразите основную мысль каждого абзаца на русском языке.

Mechanical engineers

Demand for qualified mechanical engineers is high. Mechanical engineers have a wide range of job opportunities. They may be management, sales, development, research, or design or production engineers in industries such as food, steel, chemicals and heavy and light engineering. They also can work in service industries such as transport and gas, water and electricity. Mechanical engineers are vital to the running of plants. Without them production would be impossible. Each plant is likely to be different. Some are large; some are small and

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most are complex. The main operational objectives of safety, efficiency and profitability are common to them all and demand a range of technical and personal skills from the engineers. Mechanical engineers are concerned with machines, mechanisms and energy conversion. Mechanical equipment is at the core of the plants. Each plant is different from the next: the machines are particular to the process involved in making the end product and mechanical engineers are involved in their design, building and operation. They are at the forefront of technology: pressing the limits of material capability, developing new materials of construction, specifying complex machines and doing all of this with the most sophisticated design techniques. Mechanical engineers' jobs are demanding and exciting. Their skills, technical and managerial, are used to the fullest. In plant operation the job is to keep the plant running and stimulate the team to make better use of equipment to improve performance. Mechanical engineers are

at the core of production: they manage plant and equipment, they manage people. In fact, they manage our future.

I. Верны ли следующие высказывания? Исправьте неправильные.

1. Chemical engineers have a wide range of job opportunities. 2. They also can work in service industries such as transport and gas. 3. Without mechanical engineers, production would be possible. 4. The main operational objectives of safety and profitability are not common to them all and demand a range of technical and personal skills from designers. 5. Mechanical engineers are concerned with machines, mechanisms and energy conversion. 6. Mechanical engineers' jobs are unnecessary and boring. 7. Mechanical engineers are at the core of production.

II. Заполните пропуски приведенными ниже словами.

Forefront, manage, design, skills, core, running, qualified

1. Demand for ……………. mechanical engineers is high.

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