Английский язык (Пищевые машины и технологическое оборудование). Учебное пособие

dient strategy with its recent fruitful offerings, listing the Oregon Freeze Dry name on products containing the freeze-dry leader's fruit

I.Ответьте на вопросы.

1.What modern supermarkets have a big variety of products?

2.What makes many of the most useful and exciting products possible?

3.Freezing is a method of preservation, isn't it?

4.How many stages are there in metamorphosis of freeze-dried foods

from fresh to frozen to shelf-stable?

5.How do freeze-dried products look like when rehydrated?

6.What was the first freeze-dried product?

7.How often do new cereal products containing freeze-dried fruit arrive?

II.Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих фраз:

1)товарные ряды;

2)в замороженном и охлажденном состоянии;

3)самые полезные продукты;

4)технология заморозки и охлаждения;

5)основная часть процесса;

6)метод хранения;

7)трехэтапное превращение;

8)продукты из хлебных злаков.

TEXT B

Прочитайте текст без словаря, стараясь понять его содержание, и выполните упражнения, следующие за ним.

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Freeze-drying

Freeze-drying involves sublimation, a process you learned in high school science and likely thought little about since. Product is first frozen at low temperature and then placed under vacuum. This is where the sublimation takes place. The process evaporates the ice. The ice crystals pass into the gaseous phase without first becoming liquid. Applying heat at the proper stage accelerates sublimation Low temperature condenser plates remove the vaporized ice crystals from the vacuum chamber by converting them back to a solid.

Individually quick freezing (IQF) is technology that has dissolved into the invisibility of the consumer's everyday expectations.

Before the advent of IQF, frozen fruits, vegetables and seafood often came frozen in lumps. Freshness, taste, and product integrity suffered for the cause of preservation Frigoscandia Equipment, today a Northfield, Minn., unit of FMC FoodTech, introduced the technology with the FloFreeze IQF freezer, and it has changed the image of frozen food quality ever since.

This revolutionary process eliminated blocks and frozen clusters of products. It enabled processors to clean, trim and freeze-in the nutrients of fruits and vegetables sometimes within hours of harvest. The process arrested the natural degradation process, making the frozen product at times superior to fresh.

The drying of products in the chemical and allied industries is not a final step presenting little difficulty. In many manufacturing processes drying is the final operation but it is not only a matter of removing moisture. Prevention of the physical appearance of the dry product frequently is of great importance and determines the drying method selected. In many cases the nature of the product is the controlling factor; for example, in drying food products the effect of the drying process on proteins, carbohydrates, fats, sugars, enzymes or vitamins may be the deciding factor, rather than economy of heat or first cost of equipment. The procedure varies with the product - its physical qualities, degree of wetness, and value.

Each group of materials has its own class of driers. Liquids containing dissolved solids and thin slurries carrying suspended matter are usually handled in drum or spray driers. Sludge and pastes may be mixed with

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dried materials until they crumble, and this mixture is then dried like solids. Wet solids are frequently dried in rotary driers, cylinders lying lengthwise, through which a current of heated air or flue gases travels. Compartment driers are closets or even rooms in which the material is spread on trays or in shallow pans; in the drying of dyes, for example, the same pan may be used for given colour exclusively. Separate pans are used for different colours, but the drier itself may be used for all. The operation is discontinuous; in order to make it continuous, the pans may be placed on trucks traveling on rails, and these are pushed through a tunnel in which warm air circulates. The belt drier and the chain drier are efforts in the same direction.

I.Ответьте на вопросы.

1.What does freeze-drying involve?

2.Where does the sublimation take place?

3.What accelerates sublimation?

4.What is IQF?

5.Did IQF make a good influence on frozen food?

6.What is the final operation in many manufacturing processes?

7.In many cases the nature of the controlling factor, isn't it?

8.What is the deciding factor in drying food products?

9.Does each group of materials have its own class of driers?

10.What types of driers do you know?

II. Дополните предложения сочетаниями из текста.

1.Freeze-drying involves...

2.Product is first frozen at... temperature.

3.The ice crystal pass into the... phase.

4.Before the advent of IQF, frozen fruit and vegetables came frozen in...

5.The process of IQF arrested the ... process.

6.The process of IQF makes the ... superior to fresh.

7.Drying is not only a matter of removing...

8.Liquids containing dissolved solids are handled in ... driers.

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9. Wet solids are dried in ... driers.

10. ... are closets in which the material is spread on trays.

TEXT C

Indirect rotary driers

It consists of rotating cylinder inclined to the horizontal, with material fed to one end and removed from the opposite end. Drying is accomplished indirectly, heat is being conducted to the material through the metal shell or tubes, or through cylinders placed in the rotating shell. The simplest type of this dryer consists of a rotating cyl-

inder encased in a brick or steel housing that is also the combustion chamber. Flights are used on the main drying cylinder and on the outside of the inner hot-air duct. Moisture vapor usually leaves at the feed end of the drier through a stack or an exhauster.

In another type, hot gases pass through an inner concentric fluted cylinder and then back through hollow flights attached to the outer cylinder.

The most common type of indirect rotary dryer is the steam-tube dryer. Steam-heated tubes are fastened symmetrically in one, two or three concentric circles to the inside of the cylinder and rotate with it. When the materials are sticky, only one row of tubes is used. Flights are sometimes used to promote agitation of the material. Wet material may enter the dryer through a screw conveyor or gravity chute. The product discharges from the dryer through peripheral openings in the shell.

drier – сушильный прибор;

rotary – вращательный, ротационный; to consist – состоять;

vapor – пар;

stack – (дымовая) труба; steam – пар, паровой; tube – труба;

sticky – липкий, клейкий;

to promote – содействовать, способствовать; wet – сырой, мокрый.

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I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в них сказуемые. Определите их временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.Heat is being conducted to the material through the metal shell or tubes.

2.The product discharges from the dryer through peripheral openings

in the shell.

II. Найдите в тексте предложение с модальным глаголом. Выпишите и переведите его. Подчеркните сказуемое.

III. Выпишите из текста предложения с Participle IІ. Подчеркните Participle II и определите его функцию (определение, обстоятельство). Переведите причастия на русский язык.

IV. Поставьте вопросы (четыре) к тексту: общий, специальный, альтернативный, разделительный.

V. Ответьте письменно на вопросы.

What does an indirect rotary drier consist of?

What is the common type of an indirect rotary drier?

Drying equipment

Driers may be divided into two main groups: the first one comprises all the driers in which the material is in direct contact with the heating medium; the second group includes the driers in which material is separated from the heating medium by a wall. The heating medium for the first group may be hot air or flue gas; for the second group - steam, hot water, or flue gas.

Each group may be subdivided into driers for liquids and for solids and those with or without agitation. Classification of the various types of drying equipment which has been given is based on the method of transferring heat. Driers of similar design generally can be found in both divisions. This classification does not serve as a guide in

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selecting a suitable drier for a specific product. For this purpose, an alternate classification is offered which is based on the nature of the material handled.

drier – сушка;

to comprise – заключать в себе; to include – включать; medium – среда;

steam – пар;

to transfer – переносить, переводить; alternate – поочередный;

to heat – нагревать; solid – твердое вещество;

I. Переведите интернациональные слова.

group – design – gas – material – nature – method –

classification – to contact – product –

II. Выпишите из текста предложения с модальными глаголами и переведите их.

III. Выпишите из текста предложения с Gerund и переведи-

те их.

IV. Ответьте письменно на вопросы.

a)What two main groups of driers can you name?

b)What could the heating medium be?

c)On what method is classification of drying equipment based?

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UNIT VI.

HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT

I.Грамматика

1.Инфинитив и инфинитивные обороты.

2.Сложные формы причастия настоящего времени (Participle I).

II.Тексты

A.Trackside Rail Car Unloader.

В. Engine-powered Industrial Lift Truck.

С. Bucket Conveyor.

Активная лексика

rail car - вагон, платформа;

trackside rail car unloader- рельсовый разгрузчик железнодорожных вагонов;

rail track - железный путь; densifier - уплотнитель;

vibrating unit (vibrator) - вибрирующее устройство; linear actuator - линейный привод;

actuate - приводить в движение; hopper - хоппер, вагон с откидным дном; roll - откатываться, катиться;

energize - возбуждать, сообщать или проявлять энергию; support legs - опоры;

support springs - рессоры;

bucket conveyor - ковшовый подъемник;

engine powered industrial lift truck - автопогрузчик.

Многозначность

unit (n) 1) агрегат, аппарат, 2) блок, узел, элемент, 3) единица измерения

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Синонимы

densifier, fittings - уплотнитель; unloader, discharger (n) - разгрузчик; empty, unload, discharge (v) - разгружать.

Упражнения

I. К следующим английским словам и выражениям подберите русские эквиваленты из правого столбца:

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III.Закончите следующие фразы:

1.Belt conveyors consist of...

(a)horizontal endless chains; flights and trough;

(b)chains passing two sprockets and buckets;

(c)endless belts looped over a drive and a pulley;

(d)an endless belt and a trough.

2.Bucket elevators move materials only...

(a) horizontally;

(b) along an inclined plane;

(c) for lang distances;

(d) vertically.

3.Bucket elevators consist of...

(a)endless chain carrying buckets;

(b)endless belts and pulleys;

(c)endless belt and a trough;

(d)chains and flights.

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Trackside Rail Car Unloader

This trackside rail car unloader and densifier is a permanently located vibrating unit that can empty rail pars in from two to three minutes depending on the type of material being handled.

Because it is permanently installed on a concrete pad alongside a rail track, this unit represents a radical new concept in unloading rail care. It offers several advantages over conventional systems such as crane-type and hopper vibrators currently being used.

Conveniently located alongside the track permits the user to bring the car that is to be unloaded to the unit instead of transporting the unit to the car.

The unit eliminates the excessive noise that is produced by conventional units. The unloader's design also minimizes the possibility of damaging the cars, a frequent occurrence with certain type methods while providing a greater vibrating force for a more efficient unloading operation.

In operation, a rail car is rolled alongside the unloader. The operator then presses a button to inflate the unit's linear actuators against the side of the rail car that is to be unloaded, and the vibratory excitors are then energized. The rail car is then vibrated on its own steel coil, isolating support spring, causing the contents of the car to be emptied

1,710 CPM, with the excitors generating up to 40,000 pounds of dynamic force.

The unit generates such a powerful force that it can even empty rail сагs filled with rain-soaked contents and contents where the side or top layers are frozen. The vibrations from the machine actually shatter point-to-point contact particle freezing.

When the unit is operated as a densifier, highly aerated materials can double the normal weight of bulk solids loaded in a rail car.

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