Английский для студентов, изучающих информационную безопасность. Учебное пособие

straw that breaks the camel's back is the expensive object that pushes them into the new levels, and causes the parents much anger.

The developers and creators of the game have their point of view too. These developers have spent many hours of coding, testing, re-coding and marketing to help launch their game. It's a painful, exhausting and often expensive process, so the company that launches the game will need to see some good returns if it still wants to continue in business and employing developers, testers and everyone else involved. All these people involved with the game need paying, so if they can top up the business with in-app purchases, added content and such, then why not.

Of course, that doesn't help the parent or guardian who is now looking at their vastly diminished bank account. What there must be is some form of middle ground, where the developers still get paid and the company can keep producing exciting and great games. Here the players get to reach the levels they want and continue playing the game and parents and guardians can safely leave their children to play the game and purchase an upgrade or two, without breaking the bank.

5. Writing tasks:

1.Write a blog post explaining the importance of firewall protection in today's digital world. Discuss how firewalls prevent unauthorized access, protect personal information, and prevent hacking attempts. Use the target vocabulary to explain how firewalls work and why they are necessary.

2.Imagine you are a cybersecurity expert writing an article for a technology magazine. Write a detailed review of a programmable software firewall that you recently tested. Use the target vocabulary to describe its features, effectiveness in blocking access requests, and its ability to prevent spoofing and hacking attempts. Provide recommendations for readers who are looking for reliable firewall protection.

3.You have recently experienced a cyber attack where your personal data was compromised. Write an email to your internet service provider (ISP) expressing your concern and frustration. Use the target vocabulary to explain the situation, request an investigation into the incident, and demand better protection against hackers. Provide specific details about the attack and its impact on your personal information.

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UNIT 10

Whatis a VPN?

Using a VPN will protect your access online and filter all your Internet traffic through its secure service.

BEFORE YOU READ

1.Read the quote above and suggest the best way to keep yourself safe online.

2.Discuss the questions below with your mates.

1.How does a Virtual Private Network (VPN) help ensure the security and privacy of your online activities?

2.Can you explain the concept of anonymity in relation to using a VPN? Howdoesitallowusersto remain anonymouswhilebrowsing theinternet?

3.What steps can individuals take to ensure they are using a secure VPN servicethatoffersreliableprotection againstmalwareand otherthreats?

4.Can you think of any instances where the use of a VPN might be considered illegal or unethical?

Vocabulary

Match the words and expressions with their equivalents in Russian.

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Your system may be secure to any online threats but it doesn't always mean your privacy is assured. This is where a VPN comes in, as it offers the user a heightened level of anonymity when online and even another level of security and protection.

Using a VPN can help hide your online presence. Whilst this may seem like an ideal way to get to illegal content, it's actually designed to help fight for your basic right to Internet and digital privacy.

Essentially, a VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a server or group of servers in a remote location that you can connect to through a client. The VPN servers then hide your Internet-bound IP address with their own, so if you connected to a VPN that's located in Australia then your IP address would be as if you were actually sat at a desktop down.

The benefits of this are many but mainly a VPN will allow you to access region restricted websites, protect you from tracking and shield your browsing activities from those who want to find out where you are personally based. Obviously there comes a negative side, in the form of being able to access content that your country has deemed illegal for some reason but on the positive, VPNs have allowed people in countries with extraordinarily tight restrictions to get access to the outside world; often enabling them to report on what's going on in their own country to the world.

However, for most users having a VPN means they're able to gain access to TV channels in the U.S., Canada, Europe and other parts of the world. It's not always about being able to moderately 'cheat the system' by forcing the Internet to think you're somewhere else other than where you actually are though. Remote workers and employees who live in other countries can connect to company VPNs and be able to use the company's network resources as if they were physically sat in the building.

The connection from your computer to the VPN server, via the client, is usually secure to the tune of 256-bit encryption levels, depending on the VPN company who is hosting the service. All your Internet traffic will filter through the VPN server's systems, offering multiple layers of protection from viruses, malware and privacy. Beyond the other possible scenarios, using a VPN whilst you're abroad, working in a hotel for example, will enable you to access your home country's services and work resources. One more element that's worth mentioning is that using Wi-Fi hotspots is one of the biggest security risk for travellers; using a VPN can effectively improve your security whilst using a café's free Wi-Fi.

Most operating systems come with the ability to connect to a VPN through their network settings. If you have the network and connection details of the VPN in question, then you're able to connect to it using the builtin Windows 10, Linux or macOS options. However, the more common, and in some respects, easier method, is to use the client which most VPNs now

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offer as standard. The client is often simply a connection window that will ask you your login details, then provide a method of allowing you to connect to any of provider's geo-location servers, listed by country. Once the choice is made, you simply click the connect box and within a few seconds your IP address will be located within the chosen country.

There are plenty of VPN providers to choose from and we'll look at ten of the most popular in a while. Some offer a free connection service that's handy for quick browsing but isn't very fast. To gain access to faster servers, with better security and protection features you need to pay a monthly or annual subscription fee.

Thankfully it's not a lot, for the most part: you'll be expected to pay in the region of £5 to £15 per month. This grants you better coverage and the ability to useup to five or more different devices, including tablets and phones.

Over the coming pages we dig a little deeper into VPNs, as you can imagine, using one will significantly improve your protection when online. In terms of Windows 10 security, the use of a VPN is quickly becoming vital, so by the end of this chapter you'll be knowledgeable and helpfully utilising one to your own advantage.

I. ELICITING THE VOCABULARY

1.Fill in the gaps using the words from the table.

traffic, built-in, illegal, click, access, country, resources, remote, digital, location, connect (2), malware, protect, employees

Whilst this may seem like an ideal way to get to _____(5) content, it's actuallydesignedtohelpfightforyourbasicrightto Internetand_____(6) privacy.

Essentially, a VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a server or group of servers in a remote _____(7) that you can _____(8) to through a client.

The benefits of this are many but mainly a VPN will allow you to

_____(9) region restricted websites, _____(10) you from tracking and shield your browsing activities from those who want to find out where you are personally based. _____(11) workers and _____(12) who live in other countries can connect to company VPNs and be able to use the company's network _____(13) as if they were physically sat in the building.

All your Internet _____(14) will filter through the VPN server's systems, offering multiple layers of protection fromviruses, _____(15) and privacy.

If you have the network and connection details of the VPN in question, then you're able to _____(16) to it using the _____(17) Windows 10, Linux or macOS options. Once the choice is made, you simply _____(18) the connect box and within a few seconds your IP address will be located within the chosen _____(19).

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2.Match the words with their definitions.

II. COMPREHENSION

1.Read the text again and answer the questions:

1.What is a VPN and what does it offer to users?

2.How does a VPN hide your online presence and protect your privacy?

3.What is the main purpose of using a VPN?

4.How does a VPN server change your IP address?

5.What are some benefits of using a VPN?

6.Are there any negative aspects of using a VPN? If so, what are they?

7.Besides accessing region-restricted websites, what other uses do people have for using a VPN?

8.How does using a VPN improve security when connecting to public Wi-Fi hotspots?

9.How can you connect to a VPN on most operating systems?

10.What are some factors to consider when choosing a VPN provider?

2.Read the sentences and say which of them are advantages or disadvantages.

1.Trusting the security and privacy of your data to a third party server.

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2.Keeps your online activities and personal information private through encryption.

3.Cost for high-quality VPN services may be expensive.

4.Allows access to region-restricted content and websites.

5.Can bypass internet censorship laws in certain countries.

6.Potential risk of fraud and scams associated with free VPN services.

7.Provides a secure connection when using public Wi-Fi networks.

8.Protects you from being tracked by advertisers, government entities, or hackers.

9.Slower internet speed due to data encryption and distance between VPN server and user.

10.Limited options for troubleshooting technical issues without advanced knowledge.

III. GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT

1. Complete the sentences using must, should, may, can.

1.You ___________ use this software without proper authorization.

2.We ___________ install the latest updates to ensure security.

3.Users ___________ create strong passwords to protect their accounts.

4.You ___________ backup all your data regularly to prevent loss.

5.Developers _______ follow coding standards when writing software.

6.You ___________ report any suspicious activity immediately.

7.We ___________ test the application thoroughly before releasing it.

8.Users ___________ be careful while clicking on unknown links or opening suspicious emails.

9.You ___________ check the system requirements before installing the software.

10.We ______ ___ take measures to protect sensitive user information.

2. Choose the correct modal verb to complete the sentence:

1.You ___________ install the latest software update to ensure security. a) must b) should c) can

2. Employees ___________ attend the cybersecurity training next week. a) must b) should c) can

Developers ___________ complete the coding before the deadline. a) must b) should c) can

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4. Users ___________ change their passwords every 90 days.

3. Using modal verbs must, need, should, have to, may, be able to, write a set of instructions for troubleshooting a network issue. Include the steps to diagnose the problem, potential solutions, and the expected outcome of each solution. Use modal verbs to indicate the level of certainty or possibility of each solution.

IV. READING COMPREHENSION

1.Make a summary to the text

2.FindallthesentenceswithmodalsandtranslatethemintoRussian.

Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying is when someone uses the Internet, email, online gaming, social media and any other kind of digital platform to threaten, tease, humiliate or upset someone else. Both the bully and the victim of the bullying can be any age, from very young children up to late teens, and beyond in some cases. The source of the bullying can come from others the victim knows at school or college, or from a complete stranger on the other side the world.

Bullying someone online doesn't always involve threating remarks. What may seem like a playful comment on one side, could be taken as a cutting gibe on the other. It's not always an easy thing to specify, as we all have moments when we may say or do something to upset someone without meaning to do that person any emotional harm.

Probably one of the main platforms for cyberbullying, social media is an ideal hunting ground for the cyberbully. The effects of social media bullying have been devastating on some families. Teen suicides, self harm and elevated cases of depression amongst young people are popular in the media and bring to light just how powerful and dangerous social media is as a communications tool.

Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other examples have all become the haunt of those who prey upon and harass others. From the point of view of a

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child, whose emotional state is quite vulnerable, even a simple 'like' of a comment can embarrass or hurt.

Another prime source of modern cyberbullying, online gaming has proved to be a vicious place to inhabit for some. The problem with online gaming is that the bullying comes from anywhere in the world. There are cases of gamers targeting females, different religions or those who come from different parts of the world. With the use of headsets, the gaming cyberbullies are able to shout threats and taunt other gamers, rallying others around them until the victims feel overwhelmed by bullies.

There are numerous games which have adopted a more sport-friendly approach, introducing policies whereby instances of bulling can be reported and the bullies themselves have their gaming accounts suspended. Often online gaming bullying is just someone shouting 'noob' at another, degrading the victim as a newcomer, or someone who isn't as good as them. Other times the bully will say things like 'I hope you die' or 'I'm coming to kill you', or something similar. In short, any abusive behaviour, including destroying your online game creations or belongings, is a form of bullying.

With more and more young people having access to their own phones or tablets, abusive text messaging is becoming a major issue. Messages sent can, thankfully, be easily traced back to the source, and together with anyone else who was involved, the bully(s) can be reprimanded for their behaviour. Sadly though, there are ways to hide texts and with such knowledge, a cyberbully is able to send their abusive texts anonymously.

V. WRITING

1.Imagine you work for a technology company that provides VPN services. Write a persuasive email to a potential customer, explaining the advantages of your company's VPN service. Highlight the importance of protecting privacy, securing login details, and accessing online resources securely. Convince the recipient to sign up for a subscription.

2.Write a review of a VPN service you have recently used. Discuss its features, such as encryption levels, network resources, and protection against malware and tracking. Share your experience using the service and recommend it to others.

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UNIT 11

Creating a Security Plan

The real danger is not that computers will begin tothink like men, but that men will begin to think like computers.

Sydney J. Harris

BEFOREYOU READ

Read the topics and share your opinions.

1.Users are the weakest point of access for security on any system. What do you think?

2.Is it necessary to have a security plan for your Windows and home network? Why or why not?

3.How can regular OS updates and software patches improve your computer's security? Do you agree?

4.What are some potential areas of weakness that malware or hackers can exploit? How can we address them?

5.Creating a secure network involves considering all computers and devices. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not?

Vocabulary backup ['bækʌp] – резервная копия update [ʌp'deɪt] – обновление

malware ['mælweə] – вредоносная программа exploit ['eksplɔɪt] – использовать

powerline adapter ['pauəlaɪn ə'dæptə] – сетевойадаптер Wi-Fi coverage [ˌwaɪ'faɪ 'kʌv(ə)rɪʤ] – покрытие Wi-Fi security threat [sɪ'kjuərətɪ θret] – угроза безопасности water-tight [wɔ͟ ːtə(r)taɪt] – водонепроницаемый tech-savvy ['sævɪ] – техническиподкованный

security suites [sɪ'kjuərətɪ [swiːts] – пакеты безопасности enhance [ɪn'hɑːn(t)s, en – усилить

to keep track – отследить

initialise [ɪ'nɪʃ(ə)laɪz] – инициализировать

Creating a Security Plan

A security plan will help you form a better strategy when it comes to tackling your Windows and home network security. A good plan will help keep on top of backups, updates and possible areas of weakness that malware or hackers can exploit.

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Plan for the Worst, Hope for the Best.

There's a lot to consider when coming up with a good security plan. It's not just a case of occasionally checking for an OS update on your own computer, you have to take into account other computers and the entire network. An effective security plan should encompass the whole of your network, which includes Windows computers, Android and iOS devices, your router, any powerline adapters, Wi-Fi coverage, access passwords and even where the Ethernet cable runs through. It may sound a little extreme but like most checklist-type scenarios it can be as in-depth as you like. However, it's worth at least considering some aspects of the home network and overall security before starting a plan.

Users.

More than likely the 'user' is the most vulnerable point of access and the biggest security threat to any system or network. Whilst you can have the greatest AV suite and water-tight security system in the world, the user who carelessly visits unbelievable and obviously fake deals.com is the one that's going to cause you the most headaches. In a home network that's often youngsters, those who don't quite understand the whole Internet security element. Whilst most youngsters are more tech-savvy than us adults, there's an age range where they'll happily click a link from a friend or something they've seen that looks cool. Therefore take the time to educate and frequently check their accounts or computers for anything suspicious. If possible enforce limits to their browsing and regularly update the browsing rules to make sure they're not going where they shouldn't. Remember, it's not just viruses that a child can download, they could potentially see something that would affect them emotionally.

Updates.

Obviously a must-have section of a good security plan is to regularly check for system and program updates. Thankfully, Windows 10 and most security suites will run an automatic check whenever the system is powered up and connected to the Internet. However, there's always some point where an update failed to initialise for some reason or another. Therefore, it's often best to manually check. Consider too checking for updates for the most frequently used programs. Microsoft Office, GIMP, your browser and even games will inevitably have an update available which can enhance, protect and improve the security of the program. After that, make sure that the other installed programs on the system are up-to-date too, as it's best to make sure there's few weaknesses as possible.

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