Английский для студентов, изучающих информационную безопасность. Учебное пособие

b)Do nothing

c)Wait and see what happens

d)None of the above

7.Can the impact of identity theft be limited with prompt action?

a)Yes

b)No

c)It depends on the severity of the theft

d)Noneof the above

2. Discuss the situations and give your advice how to keep your personal information safe.

1) Lily: «Why do websites always ask for my personal information?» Jack: «They need it to create an account for you or to process your or-

der. But you should be careful and only give out your personal information to trusted websites.»

2)Olivia: «I think someone used my credit card without my permis-

sion!»

Ethan: «That's credit card fraud. You should contact your bank and report it. They can help you investigate and recover any financial loss.»

3)Sophia: «I heard about cybercrime on the news. What is it?»

Noah: «Cybercrime is any illegal activity that involves a computer or the internet, such as hacking, phishing, or spreading malware.»

4)Emily: «I just found out that my personal data was compromised in a data breach. What does that mean?»

William: «It means that someone gained unauthorized access to your personal information, such as your name, address, or credit card details. You should take protective measures to prevent identity theft.»

5)Isabella:«Ilostalotof moneybecauseofidentitytheft.Whatcan Ido?» Lucas: «You can report it to the police and your bank, and they can help

you investigate and recover any financial loss. You can also take protective measures to prevent it from happening again.»

3. Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false. If the sentence is false, correct it.

1.Identity theft is a minor crime that doesn't have serious consequences. 2.Identity theft occurs when someone steals another person's personal

information.

3.A thief can only steal personal information by hacking into a computer or phone.

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4.Phishing is a method of identity theft where the thief sends an email or text message that appears to be from a legitimate company.

5.To protect yourself from identity theft, you should always give out your Social Security number to anyone who asks for it.

6.It's not necessary to monitor your financial accounts regularly to detect any unauthorized activity.

7.Identity theft protection services can help you monitor your credit reports and alert you to any suspicious activity.

8.If you become a victim of identity theft, you should act quickly to minimize the damage.

4. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1.consequences / have / can / for / serious / a / its / is / victims / devastating / crime / that / theft / identity

2.in / many / identity / can / theft / ways / happen

3.thief / from / a / steal / or / dumpster / obtain / information / to / personal / mail / might / mailbox / for / a / example

4.computer / a / hack / to / also / into / they / access / may / data / phone / sensitive / or

5.take / to / can / identity / theft / protect / are / yourself / you / precautions / from / there / several

6.be /first / information / your / with / careful / always / personal 7.detect / unauthorized / regularly / any / financial / second / accounts /

monitor / your / activity / to

III. GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT.

1. Complete these conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1.If you ______ (bring) your digital video camera, we can make a movie on my PC.

2.You won't be able to play those video files if you _____ (not have) the correct plug-in.

3.If the marketing manager ______ (have) PowerPoint, she could make more effective presentations.

4If I could afford it, I _____(buy) a new game console.

5If I had the money, I _____(invest) in some new multimedia software.

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2.In pairs, discuss these questions. Use the second conditional.

What would you do if….

1you had a digital video camera? If I had a digital camera, I’d….

2you had a home recording studio?

3you couldn’t afford an iPod but you wanted an MP4 player?

4you won a lottery?

5someone stole your laptop?

3.Complete the following sentences using the appropriate conditional form.

1.If we __________ (fix) the bug, the software would work perfectly.

a)fix

b)fixed

c)will fix

2.If the company __________ (invest) in new technology, it would improve efficiency.

a)invests

b)invested

c)will invest

3.If you __________ (study) hard, you will pass the certification exam.

a)study

b)will study

c)studied

4.If the software __________ (crash), we will lose all our data.

a)crashes

b)crashed

c)will crash

5.If I __________ (have) more time, I would learn a new programming language.

a)have

b)had

c)will have

6.If we __________ (finish) the project on time, we will get a bonus.

a)finish

b)finished

c)will finish

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IV. ADDITIONAL READING

1.Read the text and make a summary to the text.

2.Make up five conditional sentences using the text below.

Pharming

Pharming has become quite sophisticated in recent years, and with the rise of connected devices that offer Internet access it's quickly become one of the more popular criminal cyber activities.

Whilst on the subject of homophones, another recently added word to the long list of security threats is Pharming. Pharming falls within the online fraud layer of security and although in reality it's been around for as long as web pages have, the methods of deception are continually evolving.

So what exactly is pharming? In short, this is the criminal act of producing a fake website and redirecting the victims to it. The website could be anything from a reasonably popular online shopping store, to one of the wellknown high street banks. The victim, unaware that the web site is fake, as the front end apes the real thing, even down to the small print at the bottom of the page, will login with their details.

After the user has logged in several options are available to the 'pharmer’. They can collect the username and login details and simply leave the victim with a blank web page; this is usually a method used by an amateur pharmer or those who want a quick username and password grab before disappearing into the darkened comers of the Internet. Otherwise, they can redirect the victim to the real site where they need to enter their login details again. The latter is a more convincing method of pharming, as the victim rarely questions why the bank has asked for their login credentials twice, they often put this down to a mistaken entry on their part.

Either way, the pharmer now has a considerable list of valid usernames and passwords for the bank. or online shop they faked, which they can then sell via the Dark Web or use themselves. How do they, the pharmers, get away with being able to do this? Interestingly, there are several ways in which someone can fake a legitimate website.

3. Choose any topic below to write an essay.

1.How I protect myself from online fraud and cyber attacks.

2.My favorite tips for staying safe online.

3.How technology can help us stay safe from online threats.

4.How can we educate others about the dangers of online fraud and cyber attacks?

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TEXT FOR SELF-STUDY

TEXT 1.

How Does Information Move Around the Internet?

Before we get into online protection and disaster recovery, it's worth taking a moment to look at how information moves around the Internet, in particular your information. Just how is data sent from your PC across the Internet, to potentially fall into the hands of someone else?

The Internet is a huge, complex network of computers and is widely credited as humanity's greatest achievements. It’s estimated that the Internet houses something in the region of 10 bytes of intimation, which is quite a lot.

That estimated 10² bytes equates to an exabyte of potential informa-

tion held by every single connected device that makes up the Internet, some of which is your information. It's an impossible number to visualise, since we're only using gigabytes or terabytes of storage in most of our devices. More to the point though, how on earth does all that connect together, and how does it work?

To be able to transmit all that information, the data that travels around the Internet is in packets. Each of these packets contains a header and a footer. The information stored in the header and footer contains the details regarding the data being sent. For example, if you send an email to someone, as soon as you click the send button the data will be wrapped up in headers and footers, split into numerous packets and sent on its merry way.

The protocols used throughout the Internet define what the data being communicated actually is. For example IMAP, Internet Message Access Protocol, is a mail protocol for accessing email on a remote server, such as accessing Gmail. These protocols help further the transmission of data to its intended location, making it more accurate and telling the computer on the other end what it is and how to piece together the jigsaw puzzle of packets that will be received.

Essentially this is how information is sent and received around the Internet. Obviously, there's a lot more going on in the background than we've mentioned here. The complexity that you can go into when dealing with data transfers is quite staggering and a little bewildering at times. Suffice to say, all those packets of data contain information about something or someone and somewhere out there are packets of data that contain information about you, where you are, what you're doing, and other personal details such as bank accounts, passwords, names and addresses.

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Answer the questions to the text:

1.How is data sent from a PC across the Internet?

2.What is the estimated amount of information held by every single connected device on the Internet?

3.What are packets and what do they contain?

4.How do protocols help in transmitting data to its intended location?

5.Is there more complexity involved in data transfers than mentioned in the text? If so, what are some examples?

6.What kind of personal details can be contained in packets of data?

7.What is the author's opinion about the complexity of data transfers on the Internet?

TEXT 2.

Why Updating Is Important?

In today's fast-paced world, it is more important than ever to stay up-to- date with the latest information and technology. Whether it's in our personal lives or in our professional careers, being current can make a significant difference. Here are three reasons why updating is essential.

Firstly, updating ensures that we have access to the most recent features and improvements. Take smartphones, for example. Every year, mobile phone manufacturers release new models with advanced capabilities and enhanced user experiences. These updates may include improved camera quality, longer battery life, or faster processing speeds. By upgrading to the latest model, we can enjoy these benefits and stay ahead of the curve. Similarly, software developers regularly release updates to fix bugs, address security vulnerabilities, and introduce new functionalities. Failing to update our devices and applications means missing out on these valuable enhancements.

Secondly, updating helps us stay secure and protected. In this digital age, cyber threats are becoming increasingly sophisticated and widespread. Hackers are constantly discovering new vulnerabilities to exploit, and software companies must respond by issuing regular security patches and updates. By installing these updates promptly, we can safeguard our devices and data from potential attacks. The same applies to antivirus software, which relies on frequent updates to detect and neutralize the latest malware. Neglecting to update our security systems puts us at risk of falling victim to cybercrime, such as identity theft or financial fraud.

Lastly, updating allows us to adapt to changes and remain competitive. Industries and markets are constantly evolving, driven by advancements in technology, shifts in consumer behavior, and changes in regulations. To succeed in today's business landscape, organizations need to be agile and re-

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sponsive. This often involves adopting new strategies, embracing emerging technologies, and rethinking outdated practices. Companies that fail to adapt risk being left behind by their competitors. Likewise, individuals who resist change may find themselves struggling to keep pace in their careers. By staying informed and continuously updating our skills and knowledge, we can remain relevant and competitive in a rapidly changing world.

Of course, there are situations where updating may not be necessary or appropriate. For instance, if a particular feature or improvement does not benefit us or align with our needs, then there may be no need to upgrade. Additionally, some updates may introduce new issues or conflicts, which could disrupt our workflows or cause compatibility problems. In such cases, it is important to assess the risks and weigh the potential benefits before making a decision.

In conclusion, staying up-to-date is crucial for several reasons. It allows us to access the latest features and improvements, stay secure and protected, and adapt to changes in our personal lives and careers. By embracing updates, we can make the most of the opportunities that come our way and ensure our continued growth and success.

Choose the appropriate answer to the questions:

1. According to the text, why is updating important?

A. It allows us to access the latest features and improvements. B. It helps us save money.

C. It ensures that our devices will never break.

D. It guarantees that we will always be ahead of our competitors.

2. What is one example the text gives of updates in smartphones?

A. Better battery life. B. Thinner design.

C. Increased storage capacity. D. Faster charging speed.

3. According to the text, why do software developers release updates?

A. To slow down the performance of our devices. B. To add unnecessary features.

C. To fix bugs and address security vulnerabilities.

D. To make our devices incompatible with other software.

4.Whatisthemainbenefitofstaying up-to-datewithsecurityupdates?

A.It allows us to detect and neutralize malware.

B.It helps us save money on antivirus software.

C.It guarantees that we will never be targeted by cybercriminals.

D.It ensures that our devices will never be hacked.

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5. Why is it important for organizations to update their strategies and technologies?

A.To stay ahead of their competitors.

B.To increase their expenses.

C.To make their employees unhappy.

D.To create unnecessary confusion.

6. What should individuals do to remain relevant and competitive in their careers?

A.Never update their skills and knowledge.

B.Ignore changes happening in their industry.

C.Continuously update their skills and knowledge.

D.Resist any form of change in their workplace.

7. According to the text, when may updating not be necessary or appropriate?

A.When the updates are too expensive.

B.When the updates do not benefit us or align with our needs.

C.When the updates are too complicated to install.

D.When the updates are only available for certain devices.

TEXT 3.

Be Smart

We've looked at some of the many varied ways in which you can be compromised by a digital attacker and some of the ways in which you can help protect yourself. However, it's often more beneficial to be able to recognise the signs of a digital security issue.

In terms of digital security, you're only as strong as the weakest link in your security chain. You can tick all the security boxes but if you don't know what to look for in the first place you're still vulnerable.

PASSWORD CHANGE. A good sign of a breach in your digital security is the sudden changing of a password. It can be for a random site, webmail or just something small to begin with. Sometimes a hacker with a keylogger in place will test the water before accessing your bank, in which case you need to virus scan your PC immediately.

PERSONAL SPAM. We all receive spam emails of some form or another. However, if you suddenly start getting emails of a more personal nature, then you need to look at where that information could be coming from.

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The details could be your full name, date of birth, knowledge of any children or even a recent accident you may have been involved with.

BANK ACTIVITY. If you check your bank activity regularly and you've noticed some odd, small transactions that you fail to identify, then your account could already be hacked. Sometimes hackers will take small amounts or purchase inexpensive items to check the validity of an account before emptying the vault as it were. Contact your bank immediately.

SLOW PC. One of the many signs of your computer being infected by a virus is the sudden slowing down of the overall system. Most operating systems, Windows in particular, slow down over time but if you power up your computer one day and it's noticeably slower than usual we'd recommend you run a virus scan.

SLOW BROWSER. In relation to the previous tip, a browser slow down can also indicate that something is potentially going on. Browser hijacking can adversely affect he speed at which pages load, as it’s sending information to a remote source. Naturally it’s not always a digital security issue but to make sure, check your system.

RANSOMWARE WARNING. In the case of a ransomware attack, you don’t often get much warning that something is about to happen. Generally speaking, a sudden and inexorable slowing down of your computer will be a key element, as the ransomware is frantically encrypting your files in the background.

Say whether the statements are true or false:

1.Recognizing the signs of a digital security issue is not important for protecting yourself.

2.If you notice a sudden change in your password, it could be a sign of a breach in your digital security.

3.Personal spam emails often contain information like your full name, date of birth, or recent accidents.

4.Odd, small transactions in your bank activity could indicate that your account has been hacked.

5.A slow computer can be a sign of a virus infection.

6.A slow browser cannot indicate a potential digital security issue.

7.A sudden and inexorable slowing down of your computer is a warning sign of a ransomware attack.

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TEXT 4.

Kaspersky Total Security 2019 Review

Kaspersky was one of the first security companies to offer the end-user a cross platform AV protection suite, some years ago now. Since then, the company has improved its products staggeringly and as such is now one of the leading security suites available.

There are a lot of features to like about Kaspersky Total Security 2019, all of which help you not only be protected from whatever's out there, but also better manage your system. Kaspersky's Total Security 2019 is the megaproduct of the company's AV and protection utilities for home users. Much like the Bitdefender entry, Kaspersky has gone to great lengths to provide an easy to use and simple to understand interface. While, again like Bitdefender, you're able to delve deeper into the inner workings, the average user isn't instantly bewildered by pages upon pages of technical jargon, icons and sub-menus. It's handy too that everything starts from the Kaspersky online portal, where you'll download your purchased software, alongside installers for other modules that eventually all fall under the same umbrella control centre.

The front-end categories that are available via the control centre are: Scan, Database Update, Safe Money, Password Manager, Privacy Protection, Backup and Restore, Protection for all devices and Parental Control. Most are fairly self-explanatory, however, components such as Safe Money and Privacy Protection deserve a little more detail.

Safe Money utilises Kaspersky's unique protection engine, whereby your online transactions are safely behind the product's security web. This feature takes care of protecting your shopping, as well as online banking, so it's an impressive weapon in the already ample Kaspersky arsenal.

Privacy covers a range of different features. The core component protects you while surfing, guarding your online identity and information, while also actively blocking malicious websites and preventing any form of tracking or monitoring. It also includes an element that blocks any attempts to access your computer's webcam, which is certainly a handy feature and it'll block any attempts to access your stored data while you browse the Internet.

One last component worth mentioning is the Parental Control feature. With this, Kaspersky offers a method of keeping children safe while they use their devices. You can create usage scheduling, GPS safe zones and receive notifications should anything suspicious attempt to access your child's device when they're using it. Beyond that, there are also filters to stop children accessing adult sites, or sites that can feature disturbing content.

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