Английский для студентов, изучающих информационную безопасность. Учебное пособие

II. COMPREHENSION

1. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1.Since then the frequency, delivery and scale of ransomware attacks has _______ significantly.

a.increased

b.decreased

c.reduce

2.Ransomware is a particularly nasty form of _______ and digital

threat.

a.hardware

b.software

c.malware

3.Essentially, ransomware will infect an individual computer and

_______ can happen.

a.one of two things

b.one of three things

c.onlyone thing

4.Once a system is infected, the ransomware will lay in wait until

_______, then do all of the above and lock the computer.

a.late at night

b.a set time and date

c.a set day of the week

5.You normally have a set time in which to pay the ransom, _______.

a.usually 48-hours

b.usually 72-hours

c.usually 72-minutes

6.The more popular choice of delivery of ransomware is _______

a.by post

b.via an email

c.via an infected web page

7.The WannaCry ransomware attack earlier in the year was by far one of the _______ in recent years.

a.most prevalent

b.most precious

c.most rare

31

2.Answerthequestions to the text:

1.What is ransomware?

2.Do victims of ransomware usually know what to do?

3.What happens if ransomware infects an individual computer?

4.What happens if all the infected machines are activated at the same

time?

5.How much time do you have to pay the ransom?

6.What were the first domesticated animals?

7.What characterizes the Metal Age?

8.What metals did early people use to make different objects?

9.What was the beginning of trade?

III. GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT

1. Complete the text with appropriate pronouns.

Inventions

If you invented something important, (1) ______ would want to make money out of (2) ______, right? Most of us would want to make money from (3) ______ invention. It seems only fair – we did the work, so the money should be (4) ______ too. Many inventors have had (5) ______ inventions produced, have become rich and famous and shouldn’t blame (6)

______ for that.

But have (7) ______ heard of Tim Berners-Lee? (8) ______ invented the World Wide Web on the Internet, one of the most important inventions of the last fifty years. Millions of lives have been changed by (9) ______ introduction.

When Tim-Berners Lee invented the Web, he made a promise to (10)

______ – that he wouldn’t make any money out of it, and that he would give (11) ______ invention to the world. He did, and now the Web belongs to all of (12) ______.

Ask (13) ______ what life would be like if the World Wide Web wasn’t free. We should be grateful to Tim-Berners Lee, and thank (14) _____ for

(15)______ amazing gift to the world.

2.Askquestionsto thetextandletyourfellowstudentsanswerthem.

3.Complete the sentences using Future Simple or Present Continuous for the Future/to be going to

1.We (develop) __________ new software next week.

2.She (upgrade) __________ her computer tomorrow afternoon.

3.They (attend) __________ a technology conference next month.

32

4.I (start) __________ an online coding course next semester.

5.He (debug) __________ the program this evening.

6.Our team (launch) __________ a new app in a few weeks. (we/meet) __________ for a brainstorming session later this week.

7.(she/work) __________ on a new project next month.

8.(he/learn) __________ a new programming language in the next few months.

4. Make the sentences negative and interrogative. Explain the using of the Tenses in the sentences.

1.We will develop a new software application next month.

2.He is going to attend an artificial intelligence conference next week.

3.They are going to launch a new website in the near future.

4.I will start learning a new programming language next year.

5.The company is going to invest in cybersecurity infrastructure next quarter.

6.She is going to join a data science team in the coming months.

7.We will upgrade our servers to handle increased traffic next week.

8.Heisgoing tobecomeacertifiedcloud architectinthefollowing year.

VI. RETELLING

Work with a partner or together as a class. Retell the text Ransomware using your own words. Your partner or other students can ask questions about the story.

VII. DISCUSSION

Discuss the answers to these questions with your classmates.

1.What should you do if your computer gets infected with ransomware?

2.Arethereanyconsequencesforpayingtheransomdemandedbyhackers?

3.How can individuals and businesses protect themselves from ransomware attacks?

4.Have you ever heard of a famous ransomware attack in the news?

VIII. WRITING

Write a short paragraph about the invention you consider the most important in the history of humankind.

Ransomware attacks are becoming more common. What do you think is the reason for this?

33

UNIT 5

Information security

Information security is everyone's responsibility.

Unknown

Before you read answer these questions:

1.What is information security?

2.How can we protect our personal information online?

3.What is a password and why is it important for information security?

Vocabulary

crucial ['kruːʃ(ə)l] – ключевой; критический, решающий transmit [trænz'mɪt] – передавать, отправлять, пересылать

unauthorized [ʌn'ɔːθ(ə)raɪzd] – запрещённый, несанкционированный scam [skæm] – афера, жульничество, мошенничество

fraudulent ['frɔːdjələnt] – обманный, жульнический, мошеннический legitimate [lɪ'ʤɪtəmət] – законный, легальный; легитимный

victim ['vɪktɪm] – жертва

vulnerable ['vʌln(ə)rəbl] – уязвимый; ранимый breach [briːʧ] – повреждение, нарушение

encryption [ɛnˈkrɪpʃn] – шифрование; кодирование; шифровка security patch – патч для устранения ошибок защиты

In today's digital age, information security has become a crucial concern for individuals and organizations alike. With the vast amount of personal and sensitive information being stored and transmitted online, it is essential to take measures to protect it from unauthorized access and theft.

One of the most common ways in which information can be compromised is through phishing scams. These are fraudulent emails or messages that appear to come from legitimate sources, such as banks or social media platforms, but are actually designed to trick people into revealing their passwords or other confidential information. To avoid falling victim to these scams, it is important to always verify the authenticity of any message before responding to it or clicking on any links.

Another important aspect of information security is the use of strong passwords. Weak passwords that are easy to guess or crack can leave accounts vulnerable to hacking and data breaches. It is recommended to use complex passwords that include a combination of letters, numbers, and symbols, and to change them regularly.

34

Encryption is also a key tool in protecting sensitive information. This involves scrambling data so that it cannot be read by anyone who does not have the decryption key. Many messaging apps and email services now offer end-to-end encryption, which means that only the sender and recipient can read the messages.

Lastly, it is important to stay up-to-date with the latest security threats and software updates. Hackers are constantly finding new ways to exploit vulnerabilities in software and systems, so it is crucial to keep all devices and applications updated with the latest security patches.

In conclusion, information security is a vital concern in our digital world. By following best practices such as avoiding phishing scams, using strong passwords, encrypting sensitive data, and staying informed about the latest threats, we can help protect ourselves and our information from cybercriminals.

I. ELICITING THE VOCABULARY

1.Match the words in bold in the text with their meanings:

1.conforming to the law or rules; genuine or valid _______

2.the process of converting information into a secret code to prevent unauthorized access or use _______

3.an act of breaking or failing to observe a law, agreement, or code of conduct; a gap or opening in a wall, barrier, or defense _______

4.a software update that fixes vulnerabilities and improves the security of a computer system or program _______

5.involving deceit or trickery, usually for financial gain _______

6.to send or convey something from one place to another, especially information or signals _______

7.a dishonest scheme or fraud designed to cheat people out of their money _______

8.not having official permission or approval _______

9.extremely important or necessary; essential _______

10.susceptible to physical or emotional harm or attack; easily influenced or affected by something _______

11.a person who has been harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or other event _______

2. Match the synonyms. legitimate safety crucial vital

35

3. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations in the text:

Ключевая проблема, конфиденциальная информация, несанкционированный доступ, мошеннические электронные письма, кочевой, чтобы не стать жертвой, проверить подлинность, легко угадать или взломать, утечка данных, ключ дешифрования, сквозное шифрование, чтобы быть в курсе, обновления программного обеспечения, киберпреступник.

USE

Discuss the following questions. Use complete sentences.

1.What is your vulnerability?

2.Have you ever been a victim of fraudsters? What happened? 3.What is the most crucial thing in your life?

4.Is it legitimate to download music of films from the internet in your country? How often do you do it?

5.How can some diseases be transmitted from one person to another?

II.COMPREHENSION

1.Answer the questions to the text:

1.Why has information security become a crucial concern in today's digital age?

2.What are phishing scams, and how can individuals protect themselves from them?

3.How can weak passwords leave accounts vulnerable to hacking and data breaches?

4.What is encryption, and how does it help protect sensitive information?

5.Which messaging apps and email services offer end-to-end encryption?

6.Why is it important to stay up-to-date with the latest security threats and software updates?

7.What are some best practices for protecting personal and sensitive information online?

36

2.Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1.Information security is not important in today's digital age.

2.Phishing scams are designed to trick people into revealing their passwords or other confidential information.

3.It is not important to verify the authenticity of any message before responding to it or clicking on any links.

4.Weak passwords that are easy to guess or crack can leave accounts vulnerable to hacking and data breaches.

5.It is not recommended to use complex passwords that include a combination of letters, numbers, and symbols.

6.Encryption is not a key tool in protecting sensitive information.

7.End-to-end encryption means that anyone can read the messages.

8.It is not important to stay up-to-date with the latest security threats and software updates.

9.Hackers are not constantly finding new ways to exploit vulnerabilities in software and systems.

10.By following best practices, we cannot help protect ourselves and our information from cybercriminals.

III. GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT

1. Put tag questions to the sentences below.

1.Keeping track of installed programs is important for the security of your home network.

2.Itispossibletotakestockof whatprogramsareinstalledon each system.

3.Running through a checklist of installed programs can help identify suspicious ones.

4.A program that shouldn't be there might be a popular backdoor for hackers.

5.Removing unwanted programs from your system is necessary for ensuring security.

6.Checking and disabling firewall entries is crucial after removing suspicious programs.

7.Knowing what programs are installed helps prevent unauthorized access to your network.

8.Regularly reviewing installed programs helps maintain a secure home network.

2. Complete the sentences using Present Perfect or Past Simple.

1.I (fix) ____ the bug in the code yesterday.

2.We (implement) ________ a new feature in the software.

37

3.She (work) ________ on this project this month.

4.They (complete) _______ the website redesign last week.

5.He (develop) ________ several mobile applications in the past year.

6.We (test) ________ the software extensively before releasing it to the

public.

7.She (update) _______ the database with the latest information.

8.They (migrate) _______ the website to a new server successfully.

9.I (complete) _______ the coding for the new software yesterday.

10.The team (work) _______ on this project for three months now.

11.She (not finish) ____________ debugging the program yet.

12.Thecompany(release) _______severalupdatesfortheappthis year.

13.We (not test) _______ the new feature yet.

3. Translate the sentences into Russian using the correct form of the verb.

1.Мызавершилиразработкуновойфункциидлянашегоприложения.

2.Мы завершили разработку новой функции для нашего приложения в прошлом месяце.

3.Команда уже выполнила тестирование новой системы безопас-

ности.

4.Команда выполнила тестирование новой системы безопасности на прошлой неделе.

5.Я только что получил доступ к базе данных и начал анализировать информацию.

6.Я получил доступ к базе данных и начал анализировать информацию вчера.

IV. DEVELOPING VOCABULARY

Noun suffixes

1.Form nouns from the following adjectives using suffix –ity and translate the words into Russian. Consult the dictionary if necessary.

confidential authentic vulnerable sensitive secure vital

38

2. Complete the sentences with the words from the table in ex. 1.

1.It is vital to prepare carefully for exams.

2.Some people with dermatitis are even sensitive to sunlight.

3.A feeling of security is a feeling of being safe and free from worry. 4.Anonymity and confidentiality are not the same.

5.The rich inner world and the vulnerability of introverts make them more attentive to the feelings of others.

6.An authentic Dolce&Gabbana handbag is usually leather.

V. TRANSLATION

Render the passage into English:

Мошенническая схема: Знакомый просит дать в долг

Что происходит: Знакомый пишет в соцсетях или мессенджерах, что он за границей и у него кончились деньги. Просит перевести, например, 5000 р. Обещает вернуть через несколько дней.

На самом деле: Аккаунт вашего знакомого взломали. От его лица пишет мошенник, который хочет получить деньги на свою карту. Как правило, в течение нескольких часов владелец аккаунта сам появляется в соцсети и рассказывает о взломе.

Как противостоять: Игнорировать просьбу о переводе и ничего не отвечать на сообщения. Позвонить знакомому, чтобы рассказать о случившемся и заодно проверить, всё ли у него в порядке.

VI. RETELLING

Work with a partner or together as a class. Speak about information security. Use your own words. Your partner or other students can ask questions.

VII. DISCUSSION

Discuss the answers to these questions with your classmates.

1.Cybersecurity is becoming more important as we rely more on technology. Do you agree or disagree?

2.Online scams and phishing attacks are becoming more common. What can we do to protect ourselves?

3.Some people believe that government surveillance is necessary for national security. What do you think?

VIII. WRITING

Write about a situation when you or someone you know became a victim of scammers.

39

UNIT 6

Social Engineering

Social engineering is the biggest security threat in the industry today.

Kevin Mitnick

BEFORE YOU READ

1.Read the quote above and say whether you agree or not with it. Prove your answer. What other security threats do you know?

2. Choose the appropriate answer.

1. What is social engineering?

a)A new form of communication

b)A new way of manipulating people to give up their personal informa-

tion

c)A new type of computer virus

d)A new type of social media platform

2.What kind of information do scammers usually target? a) Personal identification numbers

b)Social security numbers

c) Passwords, bank and credit card details, or login information d) Phone numbers and addresses

3.How do scammers obtain online banking details?

a)By asking for them directly

b)By running keylogging and hacking software

c)By sending phishing emails

d)By using social media platforms

4.What is a common tactic used by scammers to get people to react quickly?

a) Urgent requests for help

b) Emails from friends who have been hacked c) Emails claiming to be from banks

d) All of the above

5.What should you do if you receive an email offering you a financial reward?

a) Respond with your personal information b) Ignore it

c) Accept the offer and provide your bank details d) Report it to the authorities

40