WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS

Man’s prime need in his environment is for water, and wherever a number of people live together in a community a supply of potable water is required. The liquid and solid wastes from such a community if not disposed of in a satisfactory manner can render the surroundings unpleasant and unhealthy. Excretal contamination if drinking water leads inevitable to a vicious circle of internal disorders of increasing magnitude. In primitive civilizations the remedy to pollution problems was to move the community to a new unspoilt site, but in more advanced communities this solution becomes impracticable. Water can thus be considered as the most important raw material of civilization, since without it man cannot live and industry cannot operate. The concept of water as a natural resource is essential, as growing populations and industrial developments demand everincreasing supplies of water.

Only by continued attention to pollution prevention and water quality has it been possible to virtually banish waterborne diseases from developed countries. This battle is by no means over, however, and such diseases are still rampant in many parts of the world. It is a measure of the problem to be faced in developing countries that in such areas five million babies die every year from waterborne diseases and one in six of the world’s population suffer annually from waterborne disease. At the present time World Health Organization surveys show that some 86% of the rural populations in developing countries are without reasonable access to safe water. Such is the growth of population in these areas that the percentage of people without satisfactory water will actually increase in the future unless considerable funds are made available to permit the construction of new facilities. In heavily industrialized countries demands for water can only be satisfied by accepting some degree of reuse as a principle of water conservation. Continued vigilance and the application of advanced technology will be essential to overcome the problems inherent in the reuse of water.

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TEST TO THE TEXT “WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS”

I. Соотнесите словосочетания с их объяснением:

1.wastes consisting of hard substances or remnants from industrial activities.

a. liquid wastes b. solid wastes

2.transparent odorless tasteless water used for drinking.

a.potable water

b.lemon water

3.material before being processed or manufactured into a final form. a. building material

b. raw material

4.a disease caused by bacteria communicated by water, especially drinking water.

a. airborne disease

b. waterborne disease

5.population living in the country.

a.rural population

b.urban population

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III. Соотнесите глагол с существительным (по тексту):

IV. Выберите предложения, где формы с окончанием -ed являются причастием прошедшего времени в роли определения:

1.A community needs a required supply of potable water.

2.The Romans constructed great aqueducts and sewers for the city of Rome.

3.Developed countries banished waterborne diseases due to proper attention to pollution prevention and water quality.

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4. The chief engineer said that the company ... commence the construction of new water purification facilities in future.

a. is b. would c. had

5. Measures ... being taken at the moment to help improve the global

VI. Соотнесите английский вариант с русским:

1. Only by continued attention to pollution prevention and water quality has it been possible to banish waterborne diseases from developed countries.

a.И только благодаря непрерывному вниманию к проблемам предотвращения загрязнения и качества воды стало возможным искоренить заболевания, вызванные загрязнением воды в развитых странах.

b.Непрерывное внимание к проблемам загрязнения воды и еѐ качеству в развитых странах помогло искоренить заболевания, вызванные загрязнением воды.

2. It’s measure of the problem to be faced in developing countries that in such areas 5 mln babies die every year from waterborne diseases.

a. Масштаб проблемы, с которым сталкиваются в развивающихся странах, таков, что в этих регионах 5 млн детей умирает ежегодно от заболеваний, вызванных загрязнением воды.

b. Проблема в том, что ежегодно в развивающихся странах 5 млн детей умирает от заболеваний, вызванных загрязнением воды.

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3. Such is the growth of population in these areas that the percentage of people without sanitary water will increase in future.

a.В будущем с ростом населения в этих регионах процент людей, не имеющих доступ к очищенной воде, будет расти.

b.Рост населения в этих регионах таков, что процент людей, лишѐнных очищенной воды, будет расти.

VII. Какое из словосочетаний содержит ответ на следующий вопрос:

What can make the surroundings unpleasant and unhealthy?

1.Wars on the planet...

2.Planting of greenery...

3.Use of natural resources...

4.The liquid and solid wastes from the community...

5.Waterborne and airborne diseases...

VIII. Какое предложение не соответствует содержанию текста?

1.Heavily industrialized countries cannot satisfy the demands for water without its re-use.

2.Rural populations in developing countries are very often without reasonable access to safe water.

3.Continued vigilance and the application of advanced technology will be essential to overcome the problems inherent in the re-use of water.

4.Man’s prime need in his environment is for water.

5.Many countries support measures that help improve the global environment.

IX. Соотнесите части следующих предложений:

1. Excretal contamination of drinking a. water

water leads inevitably to ...

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