МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ АРХИТЕКТУРНО-СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ (СИБСТРИН)

Г.И. Михайлова, С.И. Шевченко

WATER SUPPLY, WASTEWATER TREATMENT

AND RATIONAL EMPLOYMENT

OF WATER RESOURCES

Учебное пособие

НОВОСИБИРСК 2019

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UNIT I

THE ENGINEER’S ROLE

IN WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER DISPOSAL

Civil engineers have traditionally been concerned with water supply and wastewater disposal and indeed public health engineering is probably the largest single occupation of civil engineers. The field of water quality control is interdisciplinary in nature, involving the application of biological, chemical and physical principles in association with engineering techniques. The engineer, in cooperation with biologists and chemists, plays a major role in preventing the spread of waterborne disease.

The responsibilities of the engineer start with the provision of an ample supply of wholesome water, i.e. a water free from:

–visible suspended matter;

–colour;

–taste and odour;

–objection dissolved matter;

–aggressive constituents;

–bacteria indicative of pollution.

The water must be fir for human consumption, i.e. potable, but it should also be palatable, i.e. aesthetically attractive. In addition, as far as is feasible it should be suitable for uses other than drinking, e.g. sufficiently soft for washing, etc. Assessment of the quantity of water available from a particular source is of vital importance and depends upon knowledge of the hydrological cycle and the ability to measure the amounts of water in the various components of the cycle. Total annual precipitation in temperate regions is approximately equally divided into run-off, evaporation and transpiration, and infiltration. This precipitation produces an available water supply on a global basis of about 20 000 m³ per person a year.

However, water shortages occur because the spatial distribution of rainfall is uneven and heavily industrialized communities, which are generally sited in areas of low rainfall, consume very large amounts of water. In some areas, therefore, the demand for water exceeds the locally available natural fresh water resources. The science

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of hydrology, which is concerned with the quantity of water available, thus plays an important role in water resources considerations and it must be appreciated that quality and quantity of water resources cannot be dealt with in isolation.

Having obtained a suitable quality and quantity of water by selection of source and treatment processes, the treated water must be delivered to the consumer via a complex distribution system. Domestic and industrial use of water results in deterioration in quality and the wastewaters must be collected and subjected to appropriate treatment before discharge to the environment.

In the past an engineer would usually specialize in one particular aspect of water quality control, e.g. water supply or wastewater treatment. However, with more intensive use of water resources the dividing line between a raw water and treated effluent is becoming less clear and the need is for a broad knowledge of all aspects of the subject. The establishment of multi-purpose water authorities responsible for the whole water cycle, in the UK and in other parts of the world, recognizes the interdependence between water, wastewater and pollution control.

TEST TO THE TEXT “THE ENGINEER’S ROLE IN WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER DISPOSAL”

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III. Подберите соответствующие словосочетания, пользуясь данными таблицы:

a) wastewater treatment; b) vital importance; c) spatial distribution; d) temperate regions; e) a treated effluent

1.Total annual precipitation in ... is approximately equally divided into run-off, evaporation and transpiration, and infiltration.

2.In the past an engineer would usually specialize in one particular aspect of water supply control, e.g. water supply or ...

3.However, water shortages occur because ... of rainfall is uneven and heavily industrialized communities, which are generally sited in areas of low rainfall, consume very large amounts of water.

4.Assessment of the quantity of water available from a particular source is of ... and depends upon knowledge of the hydrological cycle and the ability to measure the amounts of water in the various components of the cycle.

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5. However, with more intensive use of water resources the dividing line between a raw water and ... is becoming less clear and the need is for a broad knowledge of all aspects of the subject.

IV. Найдите в каждой группе слов существительное:

V. Завершите разделительный вопрос:

1. The engineer, in cooperation with biologists and chemists, plays a major role in preventing the spread of waterborne disease.

a. doesn’t he? b. isn’t he? c. hasn’t he?

2. In the past an engineer would usually specialize in one particular aspect of water quality control, e.g. water supply or wastewater

3.Civil engineers have traditionally been concerned with water supply and wastewater disposal.

a. aren’t they? b. haven’t they? c. don’t they?

4.The responsibilities of the engineer start with the provision of an ample supply of wholesome water, i.e. ...

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5. Assessment of the quantity of water available from particular

VI. Выберите предложения, содержащие герундий, из подчѐркнутых ing-форм:

1.Civil engineers have traditionally been concerned with water supply and wastewater disposal and indeed public health engineering is probably the largest single occupation of civil engineers.

2.The field of water quality control is interdisciplinary in nature, involving the application of biological, chemical and physical principles in association with engineering techniques.

3.The engineer in cooperation with biologists and chemists, plays a major role in preventing spread of waterborne disease.

4.However, with more intensive use of water resources the dividing line between a raw water and treated effluent is becoming less clear and the need is for a broad knowledge of all aspects of the subject.

5.Having obtained a suitable quality and quantity of water by selection of source and treatment processes, the treated water must be delivered to the consumer via complex distribution system.

VII. Завершите предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста:

1.The science of hydrology, which is concerned with the quantity of water available, thus, plays an important role in ...

a. water resources b. wholesome water c. raw water

2.The water must be fit for human consumption, i.e. ...

a.taste and odour

b.suitable for uses

c.portable

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3.The establishment of multi-purpose water authorities responsible for the whole water cycle, in the UK and in ...

a. some areas

b. in temperate regions c. in other parts

4.Domestic and industrial use of water results in deterioration in quality and the wastewaters must be collected and subjected to appropriate treatment before discharge to ...

a. distribution system b. wastewater disposal c. the environment

5.The engineer, in cooperation with biologists and chemists, plays a major role in preventing spread of ...

a. aggressive constituents b. waterborne disease

c. bacteria indicative of pollution

VIII. Какие утверждения являются верными?

1.In some areas, therefore, the demand for water exceeds the locally available natural fresh water resources.

2.The science of hydrology, which is concerned with the quality of water available, thus, plays an important role in water resources’ considerations.

3.Civil engineers have traditionally been concerned with water supply and discharge to the environment and indeed public health engineering is probably the largest single occupation of civil engineers.

4.In addition, as far as feasible, it should be suitable for uses other than drinking, e.g. sufficiently soft for washing, etc.

5.It must be appreciated that quality and quantity of water resources can be dealt with in isolation.

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IX. Какое из утверждений может служить ответом на вопрос:

How must an engineer consider interdependence between quality and quantity of water resources?

1.Assessment of the quantity of water available from a particular source is of vital importance and depends upon knowledge of the hydrological cycle and the ability to measure the amounts of water in the various components of the cycle.

2.In some areas, therefore, the demand for water exceeds the locally available natural fresh water resources.

3.The science of hydrology, which is concerned with quantity of water available, thus, plays an important role in water resources’ considerations and it must be appreciated that quality and quantity of water resources cannot be dealt with in isolation.

4.Having obtained suitable quality and quantity of water by selection of source and treatment processes, the treated water must be delivered to the consumer via a complex of distribution system.

5.However, with more intensive use of water resources the dividing line between raw water and a treated effluent is becoming less clear and the need is for a broad knowledge of all aspects of the subject.

X. Укажите предложение, которое не отражает содержание текста:

1.Civil engineers have traditionally been concerned with water supply and wastewater disposal and indeed public health engineering is probably the largest single occupation of civil engineers.

2.The water must be fit for human consumption, i.e. potable, but it should also be palatable, i.e. aesthetically attractive.

3.The responsibilities of the engineer start with the provision of an ample supply of wholesome water.

4.The field of water quality control is interdisciplinary in nature, involving the application of biological, chemical and physical principles in association with engineering techniques.

5.The engineer, in cooperation with biologists and chemists, plays a major role in preventing the spread of waterborne disease.

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