Supplementary material for the second - year students. Учебное пособие

Ex. 6. Guess the possible feeling:

1. I felt…until we heard the results of my mother’s blood test. 2. I felt slightly…before my first trip to China. 3. I felt…to him for lending me his car. 4. I felt…when I heard about the unkind things our teacher had told my best friend. 5. I felt…for days when I broke up with my boy-friend. 6. I felt so…by the book, that I decided I would become a doctor, too. 7. Initially I felt very…about skating but soon I lost interest. 8. I felt… when I had run out of money. 9. I felt…that was why I refuse that job offer.

Ex. 7. Suggest similar situations to illustrate range of feelings.

Ex. 8. Put the listed words into the groups: happy, unhappy, worried, angry, afraid, shocked.

Anguished, astounded, depressed, glad, miserable, thrilled, anxious, bored, dismayed, heartbroken, nervous, upset, appalled, concerned, ecstatic, horrified, pleased, apprehensive, cross, frightened, irritated, scared, astonished, delighted, furious, livid, terrified.

Ex. 9. How do you feel when you:

Got your exam results; heard the news of the earthquake; found out that you are going to be an aunt/uncle; heard terrible laughter from the loft of your house in the middle of the night; discovered that your friend had taken your car without even asking you; and he crashed it into a lorry; found a note saying that your partner had gone away with another person; answered the door to find a man who said that you had won a lottery?

Ex. 10. Insert the words or their forms: friendly, adequate, guilty, stubborn, serene, impatient, sensitive, nervous, disappointed, intimidated, strong:

1. When I arrived he didn’t even say hello to me. He was very…2. You have to be very careful with her. The slightest thing will make her cry, she is so…3. As she approached her death she gradually became more peaceful. Everyone remarked

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on her…4. When he asked for help again there was still nothing I could do and my feeling of…grew. 5. You mustn’t feel…just because he is your boss. 6. Some men only buy their wives flowers when they are feeling…about something. 7. Once she has made up her mind she won’t give up. She is…8. Of course he felt…when he failed to get a place at a language school.

Ex. 11. What do people feel?

1. It made me really mad. 2. It really gives me a buzz. 3. I was bowled over. 4. I’m really over the moon about it. 5. It got me down. 6. It took me completely by surprise. 7. I was caught off balance.

SPEAKING TOPICS

1.Judy’s Range of Feelings

2.Your Range of Feelings

Notes on Word Formation

Word-formation is a very productive means of any language to enrich its vocabulary. In present-day English we distinguish several ways of forming new words: composition. affixation, conversion and shortening.

In composition new words are produced by combing two or more stems: classroom, good-for-nothing. The spelling can be solid or hyphenated. The part of speech is determined by the final stem.

In conversion, a new word and the one from which it is produced have the same phonetic shape but always belong to different categories or parts of speech, so that verbs may be produced from nouns or adjectives: a hand - to hand, a comb - to comb.

In affixation a new word is produced by means of affixes? suffixes or prefixes: to drive – a driver, new – to renew.

In shortening or back formation the length of the word is shortened by various means: a doctor – a doc, a beggar – to beg, the United Nations – the UN

Are you a THRILL-SEEKER?

Ex. 1. Choose the alternative that best describes your likes or dislikes, or the way you feel.

“1 a) I sometimes like to do things that are a little frightening. -1

b)Sensible people avoid dangerous activities. -0

c)I love being terrified!-2

2a) I enter cold water gradually, giving myself time to get used to it.-1

b)It's fun to dive or jump right into the ocean or a cold pool.-2

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c) I won't go in the water unless it's very warm. -0

3а) When I go on holiday, I want a decent room and a bed at least.-1

b)I like going camping and doing without the conveniences of everyday life.-2

c)I expect a bit of luxury on holiday.-0

4a) My friends are pretty crazy.-2

b)I prefer calm, conventional people.-0

c)I like having a mix of friends of all different types.-1

5a) I think it would be really exciting to do a parachute jump.-2

b)Jumping out of a plane, with or without a parachute, is crazy.-0

c)I'd consider doing a parachute jump if I had proper training.-1 6 a) I think it would be fun to be hypnotised.-2

b)I wouldn't mind being hypnotised by a professional.-1

c)I would hate to be in the power of a hypnotist.-0

7 a) People who ride motorbikes must have some kind of unconscious desire to hurt themselves - 0

b)Riding a motorbike at high speed is one of the most exciting things you can

do.-2

c)Motorbikes are just another means of transport.-1

Answers: 1-3 Very low on thrill-seeking. You like your comfort above all else. You’ll do everything possible to avoid dangerous and unpredictable situations. Why not try taking an occasional risk now and then? You might surprise yourself! 4-6 You are cautious and sensible at all times. You occasionally think about breaking out of your normal routine, but you don’t generally go through with it. Why not do something different and more exciting with a friend?

7-10 You seem to have found a very good balance between healthy excitement and unnecessary risk. You give yourself challenges which keep you alert and make you an interesting person to know.

11-14 The ultimate thrill-seeker. You are a bit of a wild one! Watch out though that you don’t start taking stupid or dangerous risks just for the buzz. Remember it can be addictive!” (Wellman G., Wordbuilder, 1998, p.89).

Ex. 2. Read the text

Why do we risk it?

“Ordinary people all over the world are willing to risk their lives for the ultimate experience – an ‘adrenaline buzz’. What basic human need is driving them to do it?

Risk sports are one of the fastest-growing leisure activities. Daredevils try anything from organized bungee jumps to illegally jumping off buildings. These people never feel so alive as when they are risking their lives. In their quest for the ultimate sensation, thrill-seekers are thinking up more and more elaborate sports. ‘Zip wiring’, e.g, involves sliding down a rope from the top of a cliff

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suspended by a pulley attached to your ankle.

So why do some people’s lives seem to be dominated by the ‘thrill factor’, while others are perfectly happy to sit at home by the fire? Some say that people who do risk sports are reacting against a society which they feel has become dull and constricting. David Lewis, a psychologist, believes that people today crave adventure. In an attempt to guarantee safety, our culture has eliminated risk. ‘The world has become a bland and safe place’, says Lewis. ‘People used to be able to seek adventure by hunting wild animals, or taking part in expeditions. Now they turn to risk sports as an escape.’

Risk sports have a positive side as well. They help people to overcome fears that affect them in their real lives. This makes risk sports particularly valuable for executives in office jobs who need to stay alert so that they can cope when things go wrong. They learn that being frightened doesn’t mean they can’t be in control.

Of all the risk or adrenaline sports, bungee jumping is proving to be most popular. Worldwide, one-and-a-half million people have tried it. You hurtle towards the ground from 200 metres up and, at the last moment, when you are about to hit the water or land and death seems certain, a band yanks you back to life. You can decide whether to jump from a crane, a bridge or a balloon. Attached to a length of elastic rope, jumpers experience a free fall of nearly 100 mph, before they are slowed by a quickly increasing pull on their ankles.

After 5 or 6 bounces jumpers are lowered on to a mattress and set free. Almost inarticulate, they walk around with idiotic grins on their faces. Their hands can’t stop shaking, they can only use superlatives and say repeatedly how amazing it was. ‘As you are falling, all you see are things flying around as you turn,’ says one breathless bungee jumper. ‘You don’t think you are ever going to stop and when you rebound, it’s like weightlessness. You feel as if you are floating on air. My legs are like jelly, but I feel so alive!’” (Wellman G., Wordbuilder, 1998, p.103).

Ex. 3. Study the leisure chart.

The Leisure ages off men and women in Britain

Ex.4. Discuss some of the statements about ‘leisure’. Which do you agree

big business nowadays.

Ex.5. Use those feelings speaking about risky leisure activities.

To have: a dry mouth, sweaty palms, a pounding heart, trembling legs, butterflies in your stomach, a rush of adrenaline.

To make your stomach turn, to take your breath away, to get a thrill from, to get your kicks from.

A love of danger, a sense of risk, a sensation of speed, a feeling of being in control.

Ex.6. Which of these words refer to enthusiasm for a sport or hobby and which refer to ability?

A keen windsurfer, a real opera-lover, mad about modern jazz, keen on all sorts of music, a gifted pianist, a musical boy, a bit of a (Mozart/theatre) freak, no good at it, an obsessive tennis player, I’m a natural, I’m really rusty, I’m only a novice, talented, no expert,

Part 2

Things you can do with a ball: to throw, to head, to pass, to hit, to catch, to kick

Places and people

The playing area for football, rugby, hockey and cricket is called a pitch; for tennis, volleyball, basketball, squash and badminton it is a court; for golf it is a course.

Note: When you describe the playing area for football and the area around for the crowd (= the people who watch, also called spectators), it is called a stadium, e.g. Wembley Stadium.

Players: Some games are played by individuals, others are team games. –er can be used for many sports: footballer, swimmer, windsurfer, high-jumper, cricketer, golfer, etc. Player is often necessary: tennis-player, snooker-player, darts-player; we can also say football-player, cricket-player. Some names must be learnt separately: canoeist, cyclist, mountaineer, jockey, archer, gymnast. In a team, one

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player is the captain, and there is a manager (e.g. in football) or a coach (e.g. in basketball).

Officials: Football, rugby and hockey have a referee but tennis, cricket and baseball have an umpire. In football the referee has a whistle to control the game and two linesmen. In tennis there are line judges to decide if the ball is 'in' or 'out'.

Competitions

In many sports, players and teams play every week in a league ( the player/team that wins the most games in a season is the winner of the league championship). In most sports, there is also a cup competition, which is usually a knock-out competition (quarter-final–semi-final–final).

Winning and losing Notice how these key words are used:

Spain beat Switzerland 3-2. (= Switzerland lost to Spain 3-2) In other words: Spain won the match (by three goals/points). (= Switzerland lost the match (by three goals/points)

Spain defeated Switzerland. (= Switzerland were defeated/ beat (inf) by Spain) Spain were the winners. (= Switzerland were the losers)

She broke the Olympic record last year.

He holds the record for the 100 metres breast-stroke. How many goals/points have you scored this season? I think I’ll take up bowls next spring and give up golf.

If both teams or players have the same score (= number of goals or points), it is a draw e.g. 2-2 is a draw. We can also use draw as a verb, e.g. We drew yesterday's match/game 2-2

Note A match is used for an organised game: We had a game of football with a few friends in the park, but we've got an important match against a very good team next week.

When the game is still in progress, we often use the verb lead to describe the position of the teams and players, or latest to describe the score:

HALF -TlME- SCORE: SPAIN 2 SWITZERLAND 1

At half-time, Spain are leading Switzerland two-one. (= the latest score is twoone to Spain) Sampras is leading three-two in the first set. (= the latest score is three-two to Sampras)

What's the score?

In most games you score goals (e.g. football, basketball). At the end of the game there is a result (= players/teams win, lose. or draw

However, the scoring system - and the way we describe it - is different from game to game

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If the final score is 2-2 in a cup match, you may have to play extra time. And if the score is still 2-2 at the end of extra time, there is a penalty shoot-out.

Game and set to X (e.g. 6-3 or 7-5). If the score reaches 6-6 you have a tie-break to decide a set.

Athletics - some field events

She's a good sprinter. [fast over short distances]

He's a great long-distance runner, [e.g. 5000 metres, marathon] Jogging round the park every Saturday's enough for me.

Dangerous sports:

In the air: parachute jumping, skydiving, hang-gliding, ski jumping, bungee jumping

On water: white water rafting, canoeing

On land: mountaineering, rock climbing, off-piste skiing Underground: potholing

Underwater: scuba diving

Issues in Sports:

Sportsmen and sportswomen can be either amateurs (they play for enjoyment) or professionals (they are paid money to take part). In all sports, individuals or teams compete against each other, and matches, contests or championships are organized. The winner(s) receive a prize, a medal or prize money.

Sometimes sportsmen/women (especially athletes) take drugs to improve their performance. This is illegal, and tests are often carried out before sports contests. If the competitor is caught, he or she may be disqualified or suspended.

Football matches attract large numbers of spectators. Occasionally there are outbreaks of violence between supporters (fans) of different teams, and so the crowds at major matches are usually tightly controlled.

Ex. 1. Say what the phrases in italics mean. Use them speaking about sb you know.

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1 He is pretty fit. 2 He is a real picture of health. 3 I’m totally out of condition. I can’t run another step. 4 I’m fighting fit. I’ll win. 5 You seem to be in pretty good shape. 6 She is in absolutely peak condition. 7 Yes, I’m rather unfit.

Ex. 2. Which of the following do you: DO, PLAY, GO? Add some more. weight training, golf, aerobics, badminton, jogging, yoga, cycling, rowing.

Common sports

2. Name one other piece of equipment and special clothing necessary to play these sports?

golf: clubs; archery: bow; badminton: racket; hockey: stick; baseball: bat; darts: darts.

3. Collocations. Fill the gaps with suitable verbs.

1 Were many records … at the Olympics? 2 We've been …many times we deserve to be bottom of the league! 3 Congratulations! How many points did you… by? 4 You should …jogging. That would help you lose weight. 5 Who …the world record for the 1000 metres? Is it а Russian? 6 I only ever once...a goal, and that was sheer luck.

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4. What do you call a person who...?

1 does the long-jump? a long jumper 5 does gymnastics?

5.Which sports these places are associated with: court, course, ring, rink, alley, piste, pitch?

6.Write down six things you can do with a ball.

7.Write down.

1 one game where you can head the ball.

2 two games where you can kick the ball.

3 three games where you can catch the ball.

4 five games where you can hit the ball (with various kinds of equipment). 5 four games where you can pass the ball.

9.True or false? If false, correct the sentence to make it true. 1 Athletes wear shorts.

2 The official who gives the score in tennis is the umpire. 3 The people who watch a football match are the audience. 4 Women wear trunks for swimming

5 Tennis is played on a pitch.

6 You need a stick to play hockey.

7 The referee in football has a whistle.

8 Boxers wear gloves..

10.Answer these questions. If possible, ask a friend the same questions.

1 Are there any games or sports on the opposite page that you watch but don't play? If so, what are they and where do you watch them?

2 Are there any games or sports on the opposite page you play/do yourself? It so, which?

3 Are there any that you are good at?

4 Are there any that you hate?

5 Are there any that are not played much in your country? 6 Which game or sport is the most popular in your country?

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